Basic Operation For Over Temperature Protection

During starting sufficient current will flow through the CR relay to actuate it as the temperature
and resistance of the thermistors are low.

When the START-push button is pressed the primary winding of control transformer T1 gets
energised and therefore the secondary winding sends direct current to CR relay through diodes
D1 and D2.

With the closing of CR, contact CR1 closes and hence coil M gets energised. The three main
contacts close and the
motor is energised.

Whenever there is excessive motor temperature due to some reason, the thermistor resistance
increases and causes reduction in the current flowing through CR relay coil.Thus the CR relay
drops, which in turn drops contactor M and therefore the motor stops.

The motor can be started again only when temperature and hence resistance of the thermistors
drop to low values.For this, the relay is adjusted such that its pick up current is more than twice
its drop out current.
You need to know the followings for the PTC thermistor. Its power rating, temperature switching
point and minimum and maximum resistance change near the temperature switching point.

Assuming that the thermistor will switch between 240 ohms to 100k Ohms or higher resistance
value.

24V power connected to thermistor in series with relay of similar resistance will pass 50mA
current through coil and will have 12V drop across thermistor. Hence, take a 12V 50mA coil
current relay SPDT type and connect the coil in series with thermistor to 24V standard industrial
DC power supply.

Relay will remain ON most of the time and will cause some amount of heating in thermistor
(0.6W) which will be dissipated in motor coil. If motor heats up then thermistor resistance will
go up and relay will become OFF. Potential free contacts of relay can drive your PLC input.

If you wish to connect thermistor to PLC relay input then use slightly greater voltage for the
thermistor in the range of 48V for 24V PLC relay input sense coils.

If you have opto isolators in your PLC for sensing then be very careful not to exceed the input
voltage and current of the opto isolator else they will get permanently damaged due to over
current. Read the PLC catalog before you start connecting anything to it.

This is a simple interface to PLC through PTC thermistor. You have to use 24V or 36V or 48V
excitation voltage depending on the relay coil rating. 100mA relay sense coil will require 48V
power.

For Opto Isolator input use only 6V, 12V or 24V as permitted by the opto isolator input scheme
of your PLC and also watch out for input polarity. Relay does not require polarity but opto
isolator have polarity to input LED.

This scheme is also useful for PNP type input stage of the PLC but not for NPN type input stage.
You can take DC power output of your PLC to interface.
For NPN type input stage simple connect the thermistor to input and ground and no external
power required.

It is also possible to make PTC output as 4-20mA if your PLC is located at far point. I need the
response curve of the PTC to give you such proper design for direct use.

How Over Temperature /Overheat protection works?

The important component for over temperature protection from type of semiconductor device is
called Thermistor is used because this material have the unique property.

It have the comparatively resistance in low value at normal temperature and constant upto
some value and has a large positive temperature co-efficient of resistance that can be controlled
the range of temperature.

Another good feature is that its power carrying capacity is self-limiting since the device has the
tendency to increase its resistance as the temperature rises.