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References/Bibliography

VancouverStyle
Table of Contents

TableofContents...................................................................................................................................................1
WhatisReferencing?.........................................................................................................................................3
WhyReference?.................................................................................................................................................3
StepsinReferencing...........................................................................................................................................3
IntextCitations..................................................................................................................................................3
Examples........................................................................................................................................................4
HowToCreateAReferenceList/Bibliography...................................................................................................4
ReferencingSoftware.........................................................................................................................................4
ForFurtherInformation.....................................................................................................................................4
Book........................................................................................................................................................................5
ElementsoftheCitation.....................................................................................................................................5
DictionaryorEncyclopaedia...............................................................................................................................8
JournalArticles.......................................................................................................................................................9
ElementsoftheCitation.....................................................................................................................................9
ConferencePapers................................................................................................................................................12
Elementsofthecitation...................................................................................................................................12
NewspaperandMagazineArticles.......................................................................................................................13
Elementsofthecitation...................................................................................................................................13
ReportsandotherGovernmentPublications.......................................................................................................15
Elementsofareportcitation...........................................................................................................................15
Thesis....................................................................................................................................................................16
Elementsofthecitationforathesis................................................................................................................16
Webpages.............................................................................................................................................................17
Elementsofthecitation...................................................................................................................................17
Podcasts,Blogs&Echo360LectureRecordings...............................................................................................19
PersonalCommunication(oral,written&email)............................................................................................21
Pamphlets.............................................................................................................................................................22
Elementsofthecitation...................................................................................................................................22
PackageInserts(Theprintedmaterialabouttheuseandeffectsoftheproductcontainedinpackage).......22
Elementsofthecitation...................................................................................................................................22
LectureNotes.......................................................................................................................................................23
Elementsofthecitation...................................................................................................................................23
VideoorDVD....................................................................................................................................................24

1
Elementsofthecitation...............................................................................................................................24
FilmorBroadcast.............................................................................................................................................25
Elementsofthecitation...............................................................................................................................25
IndirectCitation/SecondarySource.................................................................................................................26
Tables,Figures,ImagesorAppendices............................................................................................................26
Elementsofthecitation...............................................................................................................................26
LegalMaterial...................................................................................................................................................28
Elements of the citation.............................................................................................................................28
Datasets............................................................................................................................................................30
Elements of the citation.............................................................................................................................30

2
Note: If you require EndNote to emulate this referencing guide use the UQ Vancouver Superior
outputstyle.ThiscanbedownloadedfromtheUQEndNotesite.

http://www.library.uq.edu.au/faqs/endnote/styles.html

TheVancouverstyleofreferencingispredominantlyusedinthemedicalfield.
WhenreferencingyourworkintheVancouverstyle,itisveryimportantthatyouusetherightpunctuationand
thattheorderofdetailsinthereferenceisalsocorrect.ThisguideisbasedonAMAManualofStyleandthe
NLMStyleGuideforAuthors,Editors,andPublishers.

Note: Beforeyouwriteyourlistofreferences,checkwithyourlecturerortutorforthebibliographic
style preferred by the School. There may be differences in the style recommended by the
School.

What is Referencing?
Referencingisastandardisedwayofacknowledgingthesourcesofinformationandideasthatyouhaveusedin
yourassignmentsandwhichallowsthesourcestobeidentified.Itisimportanttobeconsistentwhenyouare
referencing.

Why Reference?
Referencingisimportanttoavoidplagiarism,toverifyquotationsandtoenablereaderstofollowupwhatyou
havewrittenandmorefullyunderstandthecitedauthorswork.

Steps in Referencing
Recordthefullbibliographicdetailsandrelevantpagenumbersofthesourcefromwhichinformationis
taken.
Punctuationmarksandspacesinthereferencelistandcitationsareveryimportant.Followthe
punctuationandspacingexactly.
Insertthecitationattheappropriateplaceinthetextofyourdocument.
Includeareferencelistthatincludesallintextcitationsattheendofyourdocument.
Intext Citations
Acitationisanacknowledgementinyourtextofreferencesthatsupportyourwork.Itisintheformofa
numberthatcorrelateswithasourceinyourreferencelist.
IntheVancouverStyle,citationswithinthetextoftheessay/paperareidentifiedbyArabicnumbersin
roundbracketsorArabicnumbersinsuperscriptwithnobrackets.Thisappliestoreferencesintext,
tablesandfigures.
Theidentificationofreferenceswithinthetextoftheessay/papermayvaryaccordingtothepreferred
styleofthejournalorthepreferredstyleofthedepartmentorlecturer.Forexamplesuperscriptmaybe
preferredwhenreferencing.eg.Example2
TheVancouverSystemassignsanumbertoeachreferenceasitiscited.Anumbermustbeusedevenif
theauthor(s)isnamedinthesentence/text.e.g.Smith(10)hasarguedthat...
Theoriginalnumberassignedtothereferenceisreusedeachtimethereferenceiscitedinthetext,
regardlessofitspreviouspositioninthetext.
Whenmultiplereferencesarecitedatagivenplaceinthetext,useahyphentojointhefirstandlast
numbersthatareinclusive.Usecommas(withoutspaces)toseparatenoninclusivenumbersinamultiple
citatione.g.(2,3,4,5,7,10)isabbreviatedto(25,7,10).
Donotuseahypheniftherearenocitationnumbersinbetweenthatsupportyourstatemente.g.(12).
Useinstead(1,2)
Theplacementofcitationnumberswithintextshouldbecarefullyconsiderede.g.aparticularreference
mayberelevanttoonlypartofasentence.Asageneralrule,referencenumbersshouldbeplaced
outsidefullstopsandcommasandinsidecolonsandsemicolons,however,thismayvaryaccordingtothe
requirementsofaparticularjournal.

3
Examples
Therehavebeeneffortstoreplacemouseinoculationtestingwithinvitrotests,suchasenzymelinked
immunosorbentassays(57,60)orpolymerasechainreaction
(2022)buttheseremainexperimental.
MoirandJesselmaintainthatthesexesareinterchangeable.(1)
MoirandJesselmaintainthatthesexesareinterchangeable.1
Citingaspecificpage:
eg.Patientsshowednosignsofdiabetes.1(p23),9
eg.Smithers2(pp3,6)reportednosignof...(morethanonepagecited)
eg.Jones(10pp2327)statesthat...
How To Create A Reference List/Bibliography
Areferencelistcontainsdetailsonlyofthoseworkscitedinthetextofthedocument.(e.g.book,journal
article,pamphlet,internetsite,cassettetapeorfilm).Thesedetailsmustincludesufficientdetailsothat
othersmaylocateandconsultyourreferences.
Abibliographyisaseparatelistfromthereferencelistandshouldbearrangedalphabeticallybyauthoror
title(wherenoauthorisgiven)intheVancouverstyle.
Abibliographylistssourcesnotcitedinthetextbutwhicharerelevanttothesubjectandwereusedfor
backgroundreading.
Areferencelistshouldappearattheendofyouressay/reportwiththeentrieslistednumericallyandin
thesameorderthattheyhavebeencitedinthetext.
SourcescitedfromtheInternetshouldbeinyourreferencelist.
Referencing Software
TheUniversityofQueenslandLibraryprovidesaccesstoEndNotewhichassistsincreatingreferencelists.The
VancouverStyleisincludedwiththeEndnoteprogram.YoucanalsodownloadanadditionalVancouverStyle
fromtheUQLibrarythatincludestheVancouverStyleGuidetoElectronicReferencesat:
http://www.library.uq.edu.au/faqs/endnote/styles.html

For Further Information


InversonC,AmericanMedicalAssociation.AMAmanualofstyle:aguideforauthorsandeditors.10thed.York:
OxfordUniversityPress;2007
PatriasK.Citingmedicine:theNLMstyleguideforauthors,editors,andpublishers[Internet].2nded.Wendling
DL,technicaleditor.Bethesda(MD):NationalLibraryofMedicine(US);2007[updated2009Oct21;cited2010
March7].Availablefrom:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine

4
Book
Elements of the Citation
Author(s)Familynameandinitials,Multipleauthorsseparatedbyacomma.Titleofbook.Editionofbookiflaterthan1sted.PlaceofPublication:PublisherName;Year
ofPublication.

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Oneauthor The book, Secrets from the 1. ButlerSW.SecretsfromtheBlackBag.London:The Book
black bag, by Butler1 shows RoyalCollegeofGeneralPractitioners;2005.
that...
OR
Butler1purported...

Twotosixauthors ...neededtoinfluencepolicy.2 2. CheersB,DarracottR,LonneB.Socialcarepractice Book


OR inruralcommunities.Sydney:TheFederationPress;
2007.
Cheers, Darracott and Lonne
have highlighted the fact that
...2

Sixormoreauthors Hofmeyretal3statethat... 3. HofmeyrGJ,NeilsonJP,AlfirevicZ,CrowtherCA, Book


GulmezogluAM,HodnettEDetal.ACochrane
pocketbook:Pregnancyandchildbirth.Chichester,
WestSussex,England:JohnWiley&Sons;2008.

Noauthor ...donotdiefromthedisease.4 4. Aguideforwomenwithearlybreastcancer.Sydney: Book


NationalBreastCancer;2003.

5
Multipleworksbythe The main clinical and research 5. CampbellMA.Aisforanxiety:Aparentsguideto Book
sameauthor interests of Dr Marilyn managinganxiouschildren.Brisbane:PostPressed;
Campbell5,6arefocusedon... 2007.
6. CampbellMA.Anthonytheshyalien.Brisbane:Post
[ifnotpreviouslycited]
Pressed;2006.

DifferentEditions Whathasbecomeknownasthe 7. MurtaghJ.JohnMurtaghsGeneralpractice.4thed. Book


Bible of General Practice7 in Sydney:McGrawHillAustralia;2007.
Aneditionnumberisplacedafterthetitleofthe
Australia...
work.Thisisnotnecessaryforafirstedition

Editedbook In all cases, it is important to 8. BrooksA,MahoneyP,RowlandsB,editors.ABCof Editedbook


note the outer diameter of the tubes,drains,linesandframes.Malden,Mass.:BMJ
tube...8 Books,BlackwellPub.;2008.

Bookinaseries Thebindingofligandtomost 9. BennettGL,HorukR.Iodinationofchemokinesfor BookSection


seventransmembrane(STM) useinreceptorbindinganalysis.In:HorukR,editor.
Titleofseries=MethodsinEnzymology
Gproteincoupled receptors Chemokinereceptors.NewYork(NY):Academic
leads to changes in the Press;1997.p.13448.(MethodsinEnzymology;vol InthePagesfieldenterthepages,seriestitle
288). andvolumenumberinbracketseg.13448.
couplingofGproteinstothe
(MethodsinEnzymology;vol288)
receptor...9

Electronicbookfrom Bartlett10concludesthat... 10. MacdonaldS.editor.Mayesmidwifery14thed. Electronicbook


afulltextdatabase [eBook].Edinburgh:BailliereTindall;2011[cited
EntereBookinTypeofmediumfield
2012Aug26].Availablefrom:Ebrary.
Enterthedatethatthebookwascitede.g.2012
Aug26intheDateaccessedfield
EnterthenameofthedatabaseintheURLfield
e.g.Ebrary

6
Translationofabook Luria11discoversthat... 11. LuriaAR.Themindofamnemonist[L.Solotaroff, Book
trans].NewYork:AvonBooks;1969.
Inthetitlefieldenterthetranslatorsname
followedbytransinsquarebracketsafterthe
titleofthebookeg.Themindofthemnemonist
[L.Solotaroff,trans]

Chapter in an edited As discussed by Rowlands and 12. RowlandsTE,HaineLS.Acutelimbischaemia.In: Booksection


book Haine12... DonnellyR,LondonNJM,editors.ABCofarterialand
Begin a reference to a contribution with
venousdisease.2nded.WestSussex:Blackwell
informationaboutthecontribution,followedby
Publishing;2009.
the word In: and information about the book
itself.

Chapterinabook ...duetoendometriosis.(13) 13. SperoffL,FritzMA.Clinicalgynaecologic Book


writtenbyasingle endocrinologyandinfertility.7thed.Philadelphia:
Beginareferencetoapartofabookwiththe
author LippincottWilliamsandWilkins;2005.Chapter29,
bookitself,thenfollowitwithinformation
Endometriosis;p.110333.
aboutthepart.
IntheYearfieldentertheyearfollowedbythe
Chapternumber,Chaptertitleandpages
eg.2005.Chapter29,Endometriosis;p.110333
(Note:includeallthepunctuationshown
EndNotewillputinthefullstopafterthepage
numbers)

Chapterfroman Darwin14 believes that the 14. DarwinC.Ontheoriginofspeciesbymeansof Electronicbook


electronicbook naturalselection... naturalselectionorthepreservationoffavoured
IntheYearfieldentertheyearfollowedbythe
writtenbyasingle racesinthestruggleforlife[Internet].London:John
ChapternumberandChaptertitleeg.1859.
author Murray;1859.Chapter5,Lawsofvariation.[cited
Chapter5,Lawsofvariation.(Note:includeall
2010Apr22].Availablefrom:
thepunctuationshown)
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/origin/chapter5.ht
ml

7
Dictionary or Encyclopaedia

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Dictionary isdefinedas...15 15. StedmanTL.Stedmansmedicaldictionary.28thed. BookorDictionary
Philadelphia:LippincottWilliams&Wilkins;2006.
IntheYearfieldaddthedefinedwordand
Apraxia;p.11920.
pagenumbersaftertheyear.Eg.2006.
Note:Includethedefinedworde.g.apraxia Apraxia;p.11920NB.Includethefullstopsbut
donotaddafullstopafterthepagenumbers.
EndNotewillputitin.
IfusingtheDictionaryreferencetypeaddthe
dictionarynametotheDictionarytitlefield

Dictionaryinternetor isdefinedas...16 16. Dorlandsillustratedmedicaldictionary[Internet]. Electronicbook


fromalibrary 32nded.Philadelphia,Pa:Elsevier/Saunders;2012.
IntheYearfieldaddthedefinedwordand
subscribeddatabase Acanthocyte;p.9.[cited2013Dec18].Availablefrom:
pagenumbersaftertheyear.Eg.2012.
ebrary.com
Acanthocyte;p.9.NB.Includethefullstops.
Withtheprintdictionarydonotaddafullstop
afterthepagenumbers.
Ifthereisnopagenumberavailablejusthave
thewordthatwasdefined.
IntheURLfieldaddtheURLaddressorthe
databasename
EnterCiteddateintheDateaccessedfield

Encyclopaedia Brookman17 has advocated 17. BrookmanF.Haircareproducts.In:McDonoughJ, BookSection


that... EgolfK,ReidJV,editors.TheAdvertisingAge
encyclopediaofadvertising.NewYork:Fitzroy
Dearborn;2003.vol2p.70308

8
Journal Articles
Elements of the Citation
Author(s)Familynameandinitials.Titleofarticle.Titleofjournal.abbreviatedPublicationyear,month,day(month&dayonlyifavailable);volume(issue):pages

Note: Journal titles may be abbreviated according to the style used in the PubMed database. Go to the PubMed Journals database site:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals to look up journal abbreviations (to find the full journal name) or journal names in full (to find the journal
abbreviation).ChoosetheJournalsinNCBIDatabases(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals)link.

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Standardjournal Aspreviouslyreported,18... 18. SnowdonJ.Severedepressioninoldage.MedToday. Journalarticle
articleoneauthor 2002Dec;3(12):4047.

Standardjournal McInnesandBollen19have 19. McInnesD,BollenJ.Learningonthejob:metaphorsof Journalarticle


articletwoauthors developedaperspective choreographyandthepracticeofsexinsexonpremises
whichidentifies... venues.Venereology.2000;13(1):2736.

Standardjournal By using metaanalysis, 20. SkalskyK,YahavD,BisharaJ,PitlikS,LeiboviciL,PaulM. Journalarticle


articlethreetosix Skalskyetal20... Treatmentofhumanbrucellosis:systematicreviewand
InYearfieldenteryearanddate(onlyif
authors metaanalysisofrandomisedcontrolledtrials.Br Med J
available)eg.2008Mar29
(Clin Res Ed).2008Mar29;336(7646):7014.
NOTE:Itisnowoptionalwherethereare
OR morethan3authorstoaddetalafterthe
3rdauthor.
SkalskyK,YahavD,BisharaJ,etal.Treatmentofhuman
NOTE:EndNoteaddsetalafterthe6th
brucellosis:systematicreviewandmetaanalysisof
author
randomisedcontrolledtrials.Br Med J (Clin Res Ed).2008
Mar29;336(7646):7014.

9
Journalarticlemore Hanna et al21 report in this 21. HannaJN,McBrideWJ,BrookesDL,ShieldJ,TaylorCT, Journalarticle
thansixauthors articlethat... SmithIL,CraigSB,SmithGA.Hendravirusinfectionina
NOTE:Itisnowoptionalwherethereare
veterinarian.MedJAust.2006Nov20;185(10):56264.
morethan3authorstoaddetalafterthe

3rdor6thauthor.
OR
HannaJN,McBrideWJ,BrookesDL,ShieldJ,TaylorCT, NOTE:EndNoteaddsetalafterthe6th
SmithIL,etal.Hendravirusinfectioninaveterinarian. author
MedJAust.2006Nov20;185(10):56264.

Journalarticlein OLeary22statesthat... 22. O'RourkeE,HussainR,BuscombeJR,HilsonAJ.Overlying Journalarticle


press urostomybagsimulatingurinaryleakinapostrenal
AddForthcomingandyearintheJournal
transplantMAG3study.ClinNuclMed.Forthcoming
Titlefieldafterthejournalname.Eg.ClinNucl
2006.
Med.Forthcoming2006
Canincludedate,volumeandissuenumberifprovided
Forthcomingisusedinsteadofinpress

Electronic journal Puri & OBrian (23) argue 23. PuriS,O'BrianMR.ThehmuQandhmuDgenesfrom Electronicarticle
article with DOI that... Bradyrhizobiumjaponicumencodehemedegrading
EnterDOInumberintheDOIfield
number enzymes.JBacteriol[Internet].2006Sep[cited2012Aug
2];188(18):647682.Availablefrom:
http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/188/18/6476?view=lo
ng&pmid=16952937DOI:10.1128/JB.0073706
doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.03.009.

Electronic journal AccordingtoLemanek24... 24. LemanekK.Adherenceissuesinthemedical Electronicarticle


article without DOI managementofasthma.JPediatrPsychol[Internet].
Note:IntheURLfield,entertheURLofthe
number 1990[cited2010Apr22];15(4):43758.Availablefrom:
journalswebsite(forsubscriptionbased
http://jpepsy.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/15/4/437
journals),orthefullURLofthearticle(for
articlesavailablefreeontheweb)
IntheDateaccessedfieldenterthedateyou
lookedatthissite(ieciteddate)eg.2010Apr
22
InTypeofWorkfieldenterInternet

10
Journalarticlefroma ...thepsychology.(25) 25. FletcherD,WagstaffCRD.Oganisationalpsychologyin ElectronicArticle
fulltextdatabase elitesport:itsemergence,applicationsandfuture.
IntheURLfieldenterthedatabasename
PsycholSportExerc[Internet].2009[cited2012Aug
followedbytheURLofthemainentranceto
22];10(4):42734.Availablefrom:ScienceDirect.
theserviceeg.ScienceDirect.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/
http://www.sciencedirect.com/
InTypeofWorkfieldenterInternet

CochraneLibrary Results found by Shaw et al 26. ShawKA,O'RourkeP,DelMarC,KenardyJ. ElectronicArticle


(26)... Psychologicalinterventionsforoverweightorobesity.
Review EnterInternetinTypeofWorkfield
CochraneDatabaseSystRev.[Internet].2005[cited
2012Sep10];Issue2.Art.No.:CD003818DOI:10.1002 EnterciteddateintheDateAccessedfieldeg.
/14651858.CD003818.pub2. 2012Sep10
InthePeriodicalTitlefieldenterthenameof
thedatabaseinfulleg.CochraneDatabaseof
SystematicReviews
IntheVolumefieldentertheCochrane
libraryissuenumberandarticlenumber.eg.
Issue2.Art.No.CD003818

ArticlefromUQ ResultsfoundbyShaw27... 27. ShawJ.Epidemiologyandpreventionoftype2diabetes Electronicarticle


eReserve andthemetabolicsyndrome.MedJAust[Internet]
IntheURLfieldenterthedatabasename
2003;179:37983.Availablefrom:Universityof
(eSpace) followedbytheURLofthemainentranceto
QueenslandLibraryEReserve.
theserviceeg.UniversityofQueensland
http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/
LibraryEReserve.
http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/
EnterInternetinTypeofMediumfield

11
Conference Papers
Elements of the citation
Author(s)ofpaperFamilynameandinitials.Titleofpaper.In:Editor(s)Familynameandinitials,editor(s).Titleofconference;Dateofconference;Placeofconference.
Placeofpublication:Publishersname;Yearofpublication.p.Pagenumbers.

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Published conference This is well documented in the 28. BengtssonS,SolheimBG.Enforcementofdata BookSection
paper literature.28,29 protection,privacyandsecurityinmedical
EntertheyearanddateintheYearfieldeg.1992
informatics.In:LunKC.DegouletP.PiemmeTE,
Thisiswelldocumentedinthe Sep610
ReinhoffO,editors.MEDINFO92.Proceedingsof
literature.(28,29)
the7thWorldCongressonMedicalInformatics.
1992Sep610;Geneva,Switzerland.Amsterdam:
NorthHolland;1992.p.15615

Unpublished Ithasbeenfoundthatendemic 29. BowdenFJ,FairleyCK.EndemicSTDsinthe ConferencePaper


conferencepaper STDs...(29) NorthernTerritory:estimationsofeffectiverates
IntheConferencetitlefieldenterallthedetails
ofpartnerexchange.Paperpresentedat:The
ofconferenceincludingthedateandwhere
ScientificMeetingoftheRoyalAustralianCollege
conferencetookplace.
ofPhysicians;1996June2425;Darwin,Australia.

Conference Researchsupports...(30) 30. KimuraJ.ShibasakiH,editors.Recentadvancesin EditedBook


proceedings clinicalneurophysiology.Proceedingsofthe10th
Enterthecompletetitleoftheconference
InternationalCongressofEMGandClinical
includingtheyear,dateandplacewherethe
Neurophysiology;1995Oct1519;Kyoto,Japan.
conferencetookplaceintheTitlefield
Amsterdam:Elsevier;1996.

12
Newspaper and Magazine Articles
Elements of the citation
Author(s)familynameandinitials.Articletitle.Newspapertitle(editionofpapereg.Weekendedition).Dateofpublicationyearmonth(3letterabbreviation)day:
Sect.Locationeg.A:12orBusiness5(5isthepagenumber)columnnumberisapplicableinbracketseg.(col.1).
(Sect=Section)

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Newspaperarticlewith manyparentsdidnotfeedtheir 31. PurdonF.ColderbabiesatriskofSIDS.The Newspaperarticle
author babiesenough31... CourierMail.2010Mar8:9.
Yearfieldenteryearanddateeg.2010Mar6
32. RobertsonJ.Notmarriedtotheart.TheCourier
Robertson32statesthat 7;2010Mar8:9note9referstopage9
Mail(Weekendedition).2010Mar67:Sect.
ETC:15(col.1). SectionfieldenterETC
Ifhaveacolumnnumber,thiswillneedtobe
addedtothePagesfieldafterthepagenumber
eg.15(col.1)
Ifhaveanewspapereditionaddthistothetitle
fieldeg.TheCourierMail(Weekendedition)

Newspaperarticle Thecounsellors...33 33. Meetingtheneedsofcounsellors.TheCourier Newspaperarticle


withoutauthor Mail.2001May5:22.
22isthepagenumber

Magazinearticle Thefindingsofthe 34. MaranoHE.Makingofaperfectionist.Psychol Electronicarticle


research,(34)... Today.2008MarApr;41:8086.
Note:putthefulldateincludingmonthsif
providedintheyearfield.

13
Electronicnewspaper Reportsoftheextentofdamage 35. BajakF.WhyChiledodgedHaitistyleruin. Newspaperarticle
ormagazinearticle inChile...35 TorontoStar(Canada)[serialonline].2010Feb
IntheURLfieldenterthedatabasename
fromafulltext 28;Sect.News:A14[cited2010Mar14].Available
followedbytheURLofthemainentrancetothe
database from:Australia/NewZealandReferenceCentre.
serviceeg.Australia/NewZealandReference
http://search.ebscohost.com/
Centre.http://search.ebscohost.com/
InSectionfieldenterNews:A14
PagenumberisA14
InTypeofArticlefieldenterserialonline

Electronicnewspaper ThesuccessoftheClem7tunnel 36. Driverstold:DontuseClem7tunnel.The WebPage


articleontheInternet ...(36) CourierMail[Internet].2010Mar16[cited2010
InYearfieldaddthedateeg.2010Mar16
Mar16];Availablefrom:http://www.
causingthemtoleave.37
couriermail.com.au/news/carwithflattyrethe IntheAccessYearfieldaddtheyearyouviewed
firsttocauseproblemsinclem7tunnel/story thewebsiteeg.2010
e6freon61225841179464
IntheAccessDatefieldaddthemonthandday

youviewedthewebsiteeg.Mar16
37. SackK.WithMedicaidcuts,doctorsandpatients
dropout.TheNewYorkTimes[Internet].2010 InthePagesfieldaddthepagenumbersofthe
Mar16[cited2010Mar16];Health:A1.Available articleincludethenewspapersectionif
from: applicable.eg.Health:A1
http://www.nytimes.com/medicaid.html?ref=heal
th

14
Reports and other Government Publications
Elements of a report citation
Author(s).Titleofreport.Placeofpublication:Publisher;Dateofpublicationyearmonthifapplicable.Totalnumberofpagesifapplicableeg.24p.ReportNo.:(if
applicable)

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Government Climatechange...38 38. Australia.Parliament.Senate.SelectCommittee Report
/Organisation onClimatePolicy.Climatepolicyreport.Canberra:
38.PlacePublishedfieldentertheplaceof
TheSenate;2009
/Scientific publicationandpublishertogethereg.Canberra:
..duetohealthhazards.39
TheSenate
/Technical 39. PageE,HarneyJM.Healthhazardevaluation
report.Cincinnati(OH):NationalInstitutefor AuthorfieldenterAustralia.Parliament.
report
OccupationalSafetyandHealth(US);2001Feb.24 Senate.SelectCommitteeonClimatePolicy,
p.ReportNo.:HETA200001392824 (enterthecommaattheendofthecorporate
author)
39.Enteryear,dateandtotalnumberofpagesin
theYearfieldeg.2001Feb.24p
PlacePublishedfieldentertheplaceof
publicationandpublishertogether

15
Thesis
Elements of the citation for a thesis
PrintedThesis:Author.Thesistitle[typeofthesis].Placeofpublication:Publisher;Year.
Online Thesis: Author. Thesis title [type of thesis on the internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited date year month day]. Available from: Name of
database/webaddress

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Thesis TheresearchissupportbyKay(40)... 40. KayJG.Intracellularcytokinetraffickingand Thesis
phagocytosisinmacrophages[PhDthesis].StLucia,
InThesisTypefieldenterthetypeofthesis
Qld:UniversityofQueensland;2007.
eg.PhDthesis

Thesisretrieved Theresearch...41 41. PahlKM.Preventinganxietyandpromotingsocial Thesis


fromfulltext andemotionalstrengthinearlychildhood:an
IntheURLfieldenterthedatabasename
database/internet investigationofaetiologicalriskfactors[PhDthesis].
followedbytheURLofthemainentranceto
StLucia,Qld:UniversityofQueensland;2009[cited
theserviceeg.
2010Mar24].Availablefrom:Universityof
UniversityofQueenslandLibraryEReserve.
QueenslandLibraryEReserve.
http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/
http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/

16
Webpages
Elements of the citation
Author.Titleofpublication[typeofmediumInternet].Placeofpublication(ifavailable):Publisher(ifavailable);Dateofpublicationyearmonthday(supplyyearif
monthanddaynotavailable)[updatedyearmonthday;citedyearmonthday].Availablefrom:webaddress.

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Webpagewith Behaviour 42. Atherton,J.Behaviourmodification[Internet].2010 WebPage
author medication...(42) [updated2010Feb10;cited2010Apr10].Available
YearFieldentertheyearoryearanddateof
from:
publicationeg.2010
http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/behaviou
r_mod.htm TypeofMediumfieldenterInternet
AccessYearfieldentertheyearyouviewedthe
webpageeg.2010
AccessDatefieldenterthedateyouviewedthe
webpageeg.Apr10
LastUpdateDatefieldentertheyear&datethe
websitewaslastupdatedeg.2010Feb10

Webpageno CopingwithADHD...(43) 43. ThefamilyimpactofAttentionDeficitHyperactivity WebPage


author Disorder(ADHD)[Internet]2009Nov1[updated2010
Jan1;cited2010Apr8].Availablefrom:
http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com.au/healthandlifest
yle.asp?sid=192&title=TheFamilyImpactofAttention
DeficitHyperactivityDisorder%28ADHD%29&page=2

17
Webpageno Memorylossislinked...44 44. McCookA.Prediabeticconditionlinkedtomemoryloss WebPage
date [internet].2010[cited2010Apr14].Availablefrom:
http://preventdisease.com/news/articles/pre
diabetic_memory_loss.shtml
Ifneitheradateofpublicationnoradateofcopyrightcanbe
foundforaWebsite,usethedateofupdate/revisionand/or
thedatecited

Webpage Swineflu...(45) 45. QueenslandHealth.Pandemic(H1N1)2009(Human Webpage


corporateauthor SwineInfluenza)[Internet].2010[updated2010Feb19;
cited2010Apr7].Availablefrom:
http://www.health.qld.gov.au/swineflu/

WebArticlewith Drugdependence...46 46. DegenhardtL,BohnertKM,AnthonyC.Assessmentof Electronicarticle


DOI cocaineandotherdrugdependenceinthegeneral
TypeofWorkfieldenterInternet
population:Gatedvs.ungatedapproaches.Drug
AlcoholDepend[Internet].2008Mar1[cited2010Apr Yearfieldentertheyearanddateeg.2008Mar1
15];93(3):227232.Availablefrom:
DateAccessedfieldtypetheyearanddatethe
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756072
websitewascited,eg.2010Apr15
/DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.09.024

WebArticlewith Researchshowsthat 47. MerzoukH,BouchenakM,LoukidiB,MadaniS,ProstJ, Electronicarticle


noDOIorfeely diabetes...(47) BellevilleJ.Fetalmacrosomiarelatedmaternalpoorly
EnterInternetforTypeofWorkfield
availableonWeb controlledtype1diabetesstronglyimpairsserum
lipoproteinconcentrationsandcomposition.JClinPathol Foraccess/citeddate,typetheyearanddateeg.
[Internet].2000[cited2010Apr15];53:917923. 2010Apr15intheDateAccessedfield
Availablefrom:
http;//jcp.bmjjournals.com/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article
s/PMC2756072/

Imageona Theimageoftherash...48 48. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. PHIL photo Webpage
webpage ID#6121: Chickenpox in an unvaccinated child [Image on
TypeofMediumfieldenterImageontheinternet
the internet]. 2011 [updated 2011 Nov 16; cited 2014 Feb
28]; Available from:
http://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/about/photos.html

18
Podcasts, Blogs & Echo360 Lecture Recordings
Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Podcasts Thelatestfossildiscover...49 49. Dirks,P.MissingLinkfossildiscoveryinSouthAfrica WebPage
[Podcastontheinternet].Sydney:ABCRadioNational;
TypeofMediumfieldEnterPodcastonthe
2010[updated2010Apr9;cited2010Apr14].Available
internet
from:
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/breakfast/stories/2010/28680 EntertheupdateddateintheLastUpdate
72.htm Datefieldeg.2010Apr9
EntertheciteddateintheAccessYearfieldeg.
2010Apr14

Blogcontribution Thelist...(50) 50. EastJ.Newmedicaljournalstermslist.2010Jan25[cited ElectronicBookSection


2010Apr20]In:EastJ.EndNote:EndNoteupdatesatUQ
Titlefield:enterTitleofcontribution,Dateof
[Internet].StLucia,Queensland:Universityof
publicationofcontributionfollowedbyDate
QueenslandLibrary.20072010.[about5screens].
ofcitationofcontributioneg.Newmedical
Availablefrom:
journalstermslist.2010Jan25[cited2010
http://blogs.library.uq.edu.au/endnote/2010/01/25/new
Apr20]
medicaljournalstermlist/
BookTitlefield:entertheauthororeditorof
theblogfollowedbytheTitleofBlogeg.East
J.EndNote:EndNoteupdateatUQ
Publisherfield:enterPublishername,Dateof
PublicationandExtentofcontribution(no.of
screens)eg.UniversityofQueenslandLibrary.
20072010.[about5screens].

19
Blog For further information about 51. UniversityofQueenslandLibrary.Ipswichlibraryblog Blog
theUQIpswichlibraryreferto [Internet].StLucia,Queensland:Universityof
Publisherfieldenter:publishernamefollowed
theirblog.51 QueenslandLibrary.2008Mar[cited2012Sep26].
bydateofpublicationdateeg.Universityof
Availablefrom:
QueenslandLibrary.2008Mar
http://www.library.uq.edu.au/blogs/Ipswich
LastUpdateDatefieldenterthedateof
citationeg.2012Sep26

Echo360lecture Thelecture...(52) 52. BradyJ.Dealingwithdifficultpeople.MIDW1006: Electronicbook


recordings PreconceptionandPregnancyPlanning.[Videoonthe
Titlefieldenterlecturetitleeg.Dealingwith
internet].StLucia,Qld:UniversityofQueensland;2012
difficultpeople
Sep7[cited2012Sep10].Availablefrom:
http:lecture.recordings.uq.edu.au:8080/ess/echo/presen Yearfieldenterdatewhenlecturegiveneg.
tation/539f17bb9bb47c2a976e17d4593a86b 2012Sep7
Periodicaltitlefieldentercoursecodeand
coursenameeg.MID1006:Preconceptionand
PregnancyPlanning
Dateaccessedenterfulldateeg.2012Sep
10
TypeofWorkfieldenterVideoonthe
internet

20
Personal Communication (oral, written & email)
Personalcommunicationisenteredmanuallyinthetextofyourdocument.ItcannotbedonethroughEndNote.
Personalcommunicationshouldbeincludedinthetextofyourdocumentcitedintextonly.
Personalcommunicationshouldnotbeincludedinyourreferencelist.
Itisrecommendedyougetpermissionfromthesource/authorofyourpersonalcommunication.
Personalcommunicationinthetextofyourdocumentmustinclude:
Dateofcommunication
Typeofcommunicationoral,written(eg.Letter,writtencommunication)oremail(includeemailaddress)
Affiliation(university,organisation)optionalandhighestacademicdegree

Conversation:
InaconversationwithaA.B.Smith,MD(April2010)...
Letter:
AccordingtoaletterbyC.D.Jones(Assoc.Prof.,DeptofPhilosophy,UniversityofPittsburgh,PA)inNovember2010...
AccordingtoC.D.Jones,PhD(writtencommunication,November2010)...
Email:
Intext:InanemailfromE.Ferguson,PhD(efergus@uq.edu.au)inAugust2010...

ReferenceList:FergusonE.Howtociteinyourassignments[online].EmailtoAbeSmith(smithie@uq.edu.au)2010Apr20[cited2010April28].

Itisimportanttokeepacopyoftheemail.

21
Pamphlets
Elements of the citation
Author.Titleofbrochure/pamphlet[pamphlet].Placeofpublication:Publisher;Yearofpublication.

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Pamphlets/ Aslistedinthepamphletbythe...53 53. PharmaceuticalSocietyofAustralia.Medicinesand Pamphlet
Brochures driving[Pamphlet].Sydney:PharmaceuticalSocietyof
EnterPamphletinTypeofWorkfield
Australia;1998

Package Inserts (The printed material about the use and effects of the product contained in package)
Elements of the citation
NameofMedicine[packageinsert].Placeofpublication:Publisher;Yearofpublication.

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
PackageInsert Oneofthesideeffectslisted...54 54. Lamasil[packageinsert].EastHanover,NJ:Sandoz Pamphlet
PharmaceuticalsCorp;1993.
EnterpackageinsertinTypeofWork
field

22
Lecture Notes
Elements of the citation
Lecturer.TitleofLecture[unpublishedlecturenotes].Coursecode:coursename,Institutionwheredelivered;lecturegivendatelecturegiven.

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Lecturenotes InthelecturegivenbySmith(55)... 55. SmithA.Weekthree:Foucault[unpublishedlecture Manuscript
notes].BESC3009:RelatingwithYoungPeople,St
ForOnline YearfieldEnterlecturegiven
Lucia:UniversityofQueensland;lecturegiven2010
lecturesvia followedbyyearanddateeg.lecture
Apr20.
lectopiaor given2010Apr20
echo360see
TitlefieldEntertitleoflecture
Podcasts,Blogs
followedby[unpublishedlecturenotes]
andEcho360
lecturerecordings Collectiontitlefieldaddthecourse
code:coursenameeg.BESC3009:
RelatingwithYoungPeople
PlacePublishedfieldentertheplace
ofpublicationandtheinstitutionname
egStLucia:UniversityofQueensland

23
Video or DVD
Elements of the citation
Author/Producer(producer/director).Title[TypeofMedium].PlaceofPublication:Publisher;PublicationYear.Extent(eg.1DVD):physicaldescriptionduration,sound,
colour,size.

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
VideoorDVD Examination of the neonate56, 56. RobinsonJ(producer).Examinationoftheterm FilmorBroadcast
revealed... neonate:Afamilycentredapproach[DVD].South
EnterDirectornameinDirectorFieldand
Hurstville,NSW:MidwiferyEducationalServices;2005.1
ProducernameintheProducerField
DVD:37min.,sound,colour,4in.
Titlefieldaddtheformatoftheitemafter
thetitleinsquarebracketseg.Examination
ofthetermneonate:Afamilycentred
approach[DVD]
PlacePublishedenterthenamewherethe
itemwasproducedeg.SouthHurstville,
NSW
Distributorenterthenameofthe
distributoreg.MidwiferyEducational
Service
AddthedescriptionoftheDVDinthe
Yearfieldeg.2005.1DVD:37min.,
sound,colour,4in.

24
Film or Broadcast
Elements of the citation
Producer,Director.Title[typeofmedium].Seriestitle.PlaceofPublication:Distributor;Datereleased.

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Televisionorradio As seen in the MacNeil/Lehrer news 57. Themedicalprofessioninthe1990s[television FilmorBroadcast
programs hour57. broadcast].TheMacNeil/Lehrernewshour.NewYork,
Titlefieldadd[televisionbroadcast]
WashingtonD.C.:PublicBroadcastingService;1993Oct
afterthetitle
11

Seriestitlefieldaddthenameofthe
programserieseg.TheMacNeil/Lehre
newshour
Countryfieldaddplaceofbroadcast
eg.NewYork,WashingtonD.C.

Distributorfieldaddnameof
distributoreg.PublicBroadcasting
Service

YearReleasedfieldaddtheyearand
dateeg.1993Oct11

25
Indirect Citation/Secondary Source
Asecondarysource/indirectcitation:Iswhentheideasofoneauthorarepublishedinanotherauthorstextbutyouhavenotreadoraccessedtheoriginalauthorswork.
Inthelistofreferencesprovidethedetailsoftheauthoroftheworkyouhaveread.

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Bookasa Higgins58discussesNewmansresearchin 58. HigginsD.Horizons:thepoeticsandtheoryofthe Book
secondarysource hiswork,... intermedia.Illinois:SouthernIllinoisUniversityPress:
1984

Journalasa Clements59quotedChandlerinhis 59. ClementsC.Thefactsaboutcocaine(drugs),Science ElectronicArticle


secondarysource article... andChildren[Serialonline].2007[cited2010Apr
Ifcitingfromaprintedjournalchoose
20];44(7):44.Availablefrom:ProQuest
JournalArticleinEndNote
DateAccessedfieldentertheyearand
dateitemcitedeg.2010Apr20
URLfieldenterthedatabasenameeg.
ProQuest
TypeofWorkfieldenter[Serialonline]


Tables, Figures, Images or Appendices
Elements of the citation
Journalexample:
Enter your normal journal reference followed by: space Table/Figure/Appendix Number of table/figure/appendix from original source, Title of
table/figure/image/appendixfromoriginalsource;p.Pagenumberoftable/figure/appendixfromoriginalsource.

26
Bookexample:
Enteryournormalbookreferencefollowedby:spaceTable/Figure/AppendixNumberoftable/figure/appendixfromoriginalsource,Titleoftable/figure/image/appendix
fromoriginalsource;p.Pagenumberoftable/figure/appendixfromoriginalsource.

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Tables,Figures, Crimesrelatingtochocolatewashigh 60. SmithJ,LipsitchM,AlmondJW.Vaccineproduction, Journal
Imagesor (Table5). distribution,access,anduptake.Lancet
Enterjournal/Book/Booksectiondetails
Appendices 2011;378(9789):428438.Table1,Examplesof
(ImageofTable) asnormal.
vaccineclassesandassociatedindustrialchallenges;
Table3.Examplesofvaccineclasses
p.429. InthePagesfieldinsertafullstopafter
andassociatedindustrial
thepagenumbersandthenaddthe
challenges.(60)
detailsofthetable/figure/image/

61. GrivettiLE.Chocolate,crime,andthecourts:Selected appendixeg.428438.Table1,Examples
(ImageofTable)
EnglishTrialDocuments,16931834.In:GrivettiLE, ofvaccineclassesandassociated
Table5.Chocolaterelatedcrime:Old
ShapiroH,editors.Chocolate:Historyandculture. industrialchallenges;p.429
Baileycourtrecords.61
Hoboken,NewJersey.JohnWiley&Sons;2009.Table
BookSection(forbookchapters)
20.1,Chocolaterelatedcrime:OldBaileycourt
(ImageofFigure)
records;p.244. InthePagesfieldenterthetabledetails
Figure3.Marconisgrounded
startingwithtable/figure/image/appendix
antenna.62
asshownintheexample.Thep.willbe
Note:thatthetablenumberinthese 62. HongS.Wireless:FromMarconisblackboxtothe insertedbyEndNote.Ifyouareinserting
exampleswouldbethetablenumber Audion.London,England.MITPress;2001.Figure1.5, pagenumbersforthechapterafterthe
inyourdocumentnotthetable Marconisgroundedantenna;p.21. pagenumbersaddfullstopspacep.
numberintheoriginaldocument.The followedbythetabledetails.
originaltablenumbermustbecitedin
Book
thereferencelist.Ifyouchangethe
tabletitleinyourdocumentyoumust IntheYearfieldinsertafullstopand
citetheoriginaltitleofthetableinthe spaceaftertheyearfollowedbythe
referencelist. table/figure/image/appendixdetailsas
shown.Eg.2001.Figure1.5,Marconis
groundedantenna;p.21

27

Legal Material
Elements of the citation
Legislation:
ShorttitleoftheActorRegulationsinitalics(ifnoshorttitleusethelongtitle),
Yearinitalicsorunderlined
(Jurisdiction)abbreviatedandinroundbrackets
Pinpointreferencetotherelevantsectionorsubsectionifapplicable

FormatforLegislation
TitleYear(JurisdictionAbbreviation)Pinpoint.

CaseLaw:
CaseNameinItalicsorunderlinedifunabletoitalicise
Yearinbracketseg.(2012)forreportswithsequentialvolumenumbersandthereforetheyearisnotessentialforlocatingthecorrectvolumeintheseriesORuse
squarebracketseg.[2012]wheretheyearisessentialtolocatethecorrectvolume
Volumenumber
Abbreviationofthelawreport
Commencingpagenumberofthecase,
Pinpointpagenumber,separatedfromthecommencingpagenumberbyacomma(onlywhenreferringtoaspecificstatementinthejudgement)
Nameofthecourtonlyusedwhenitisnotobviousfromthecitationwhatthedecidingcourtwas

Formatforreportedcases
CaseName(Year)VolumeLawReportAbbreviationPage,Pinpoint(Court).
NOTE:whereacasehasbeenreportedintheauthorisedreportsforthatcourt,youshouldusethatcitationinpreferencetoanyothercitationwhichyoumayhave.
Forfurtherinformationaboutcitinglegalresourcessee:
http://www.library.uq.edu.au/law/research/AustGuideLegalCitation3.pdf
http://law.uq.edu.au/documents/students/Guide_to_Citation_of_Sources_Writing_Style_in_Assignments.pdf
https://www.library.uq.edu.au/endnote/aglc/aglc3_ENX7.pdf

28

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
LegislationAct Note: where you are referring to 63. AgriculturalChemicalsDistributionControlAct1966 Legal
legislativeprovisioninthetextofyour (Qld)s3.
Enterallthedetailstitle,year,jurisdiction
work, you should write as you would
andsectionintheAGLCCitationfield
speakeg.Section58oftheTrustsAct
1973(Qld)63statesthat... 64. TrustsAct1973(Qld)s58. EntershorttitleofActorRegulationinto
theShortTitlefield
NOT:TrustsAct1973(Qld)s58states
that...

CaseLaw InBakkervStewart67the... 65. CommonwealthvTasmania(1983)185CLR1. Legal



Enterallthedetailsofthecase(asshown)
66. AldricvEMInvestments(Qld)PtyLtd[2000]2QdR
intotheAGLCCitationfield
346(CourtofAppeal)

67. BakkervStewart[1980]VR17,22.

29
Datasets
Elements of the citation
Authornames.Titleofresource[mediumtype].Hostinstitutionname/Producer:Physicallocation;Yearofpublication[Dateaccessed].Availablefrom:IdentifierDOIor
URL

Reference
IntextExample ReferenceListExample EndNote
Type
Dataset The majority of the Titanic 68. Harrell,F.DataforTitanicpassengers[Datafile].Vanderbilt Dataset
survivors68 University,DepartmentofBiostatistics:Nashville,Tennessee;2011.
Investigatorsfieldenterthe
[cited24Oct2014].Availablefrom:
author/institutionname
http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/wiki/pub/Main/DataSets/titanic.txt
Titlefieldenternameof

study/resource

Datatypefieldentertypeof
mediumeg.Datafile,Computerfile
Distributorfieldenterthenameof
producer/hostinstitutionname
Placepublishedfieldenterthe
physicallocation
Yearfieldenteryearofpublication
DateofCollectionfieldenterthe
datethedatawasaccessed
URLand/orDOIfieldsenterthe
appropriateidentifier

30

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