Batch 1st

H H M JDT ISLAM POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
RENOVATION OF PELTON TURBINE

CALICUT-12
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PROJECT REPORT
ON :-
RENOVATION
OF
PELTON TURBINE
2016-2017
1
JAMIATH HILL, VELLIMADUKUNNU, CALICUT-12, PH-

04952730808
Email :jdtpoly@gmail.com
PROJECT REPORT ON :
RENOVATION
OF
PELTON TURBINE
SUBMITTED BY:
01. ADWAITH VYASAN 07. ARJUL K
02. AJMAL E 08. ARUN MOHANDAS
03. AKHIL TP 09. ATHUL PS
04. ALTHAF RAHMAN BM 10. ATHUL RAJ
05. ANAS PP 11. EHTHISHAMUL HAQUE
06. ANSHAD TV
2

2014-2017
3
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled RENOVATION OF

PELTON TURBINE is a bonafide record of the work done by First batch
of mechanical final years for the partial fulfillment of the requirement to
the award of diploma in MECHANICAL engineering during the Academic
Year 2016-2017 under the Board of Technical Education Kerala State.
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT STAFF-IN-CHARGE
PLACE: CALICUT
DATE :
Internal Examiner External

Examiner
4
INDEX
5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank to god almighty for helping us to complete the project in a

successful manner.We express our sincere gratitude towards a number of
persons who have contributed to the successful completion of my
seminar.
We thank to Mr. KOYA sir (HOD of mechanical department), Mr.

RASHID sir (Staff in charge) ,for their support and guidance and for
preparing and presenting this project .
We also extend our sincere thanks to all other faculty members of

mechanical department and our parents and friends for their support and
encouragement.
6
PREFACE
Project work has an important position in the syllabus of diploma

course in engineering .By doing this project work we get a chance to
apply the knowledge in the theory to practical applications by doing this
various types of equipments developed under project work will not only
enhance our skill but also aid for the development of the student .The
projected selected by us is RENOVATION OF PELTON WHEEL.
7
ABSTRACT
There are two types of turbines, reaction and the impulse, the
difference being the manner of head conversion. In the reaction turbine,
the fluid fills the blade passages, and the head change or pressure drop
occurs within the runner. An impulse turbine first converts the water head
through a nozzle into a high-velocity jet, which then strikes the buckets at
one position as they pass by. The runner passages are not fully filled, and
the jet flow past the buckets is essentially at constant pressure. Impulse
turbines are ideally suited for high head and relatively low power. The
Pelton turbine used in this experiment is an impulse turbine.
Pelton Wheel turbine is an impulse type of hydraulic turbine. The

total drop in pressure of the fluid takes place in stationary nozzles. A
proportion of the kinetic energy of a high velocity jet is converted into
mechanical work delivered to the shaft, the remainder being dissipated by
fluid friction and partly retained as kinetic energy of fluid leaving the cups.
The fluid transfers its momentum to buckets mounted on the
circumference of a wheel. Pelton Wheel or impulse type hydraulic turbine
is used in hydroelectric scheme when the head available exceeds about
300m. The turbine is supplied with water under high head through a long
conduit called penstock. The water is then accelerated through a nozzle
and discharge at high-speed free jet at atmospheric pressure ,which then
impinges the cascade of Impulse-buckets.
8
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRICITY AS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF POWER
We all know that electricity is one of the most important discoveries

in human race and it has become the most widely used source of energy
to be used in almost every aspect in generating power. Power is a basic
part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We
get power, which is a secondary energy source, from the conversions
other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and
other natural sources.
Different Types of Electricity Generating Power Plants
Steam power plants

Geothermal power plants
Gas power plants
Nuclear power plants
Wind power plants
Hydro power plants
Energy sources are valuable for their abilities to generate electricity,

heating and other necessities of Industrial & Commercial life and modern
home requirements. While conventional forms of energy, which includes
fossil fuels and nuclear energy, have supplied most of the worlds electric
power for the past century, a recent focus on climate change and energy
independence has raised interest in unconventional forms of energy,
many of which emits less carbon and is renewable. Our project topic is
based on the use of hydro power energy to convert it as electric energy so
as to use it for various commercial, industrial and home requirements.
Besides electricity can be produced by various ways like using Coal Power
(Thermal electric power), Nuclear Power, Wind Power, Solar Power etc.
ADVANTAGES OF USING HYDRO ELECTRICITY
Hydroelectric energy offers a number of advantages for people who

use it, the environment, and electricity suppliers.
9
1. Using this type of energy to generate electricity is not dependent upon

the price of uranium, oil, or other types of fuel. This makes electricity
costs lower and more stable, one of its most significant advantages.
2. The pollution created by hydroelectric energy generation is quite
minimal. There is some pollution involved in initially constructing the
power stations, but this is true of all power plants. It also does not produce
radioactive waste or involve the environmental impact of fuel being
transported to it.
3. It doesnt require many employees to run a hydroelectric station.
According to wikipedia.org, most plants of this type are largely automated.
This is another one of the advantages which help keep the cost of
hydroelectricity low.
4. Hydroelectric power stations can be set up in almost any size,
depending upon the river or stream used to operate them; big enough
power a single home, factory, small town or large city.
5. Another of its advantages is that hydroelectric is a renewable form of
energy, like wind and solar; it doesnt rely upon finite resources like
natural gas or coal to generate power.
6. Hydroelectric stations can operate for many years after they are built.
Wikipedia.org states that a number of operational hydro stations were
constructed fifty to one one-hundred years ago; in contrast to this,
IAEA.org indicates that the design life of nuclear power plants is
generally thirty to forty years.
7. Small hydro electricity generation systems sometimes offer more
economic advantages for home owners than solar power, and tend to last
longer than solar panels do.
The above mentioned factors make hydroelectric a form of energy

generation which offers advantages with regard to cost, pollution,
flexibility of installation, and conservation of resources.
Pelton wheel Turbine is impulse turbine. An impulse turbine first
converts the water head through a nozzle into a high-velocity jet, which
then strikes the buckets at one position as they pass by. The runner
passages are not fully filled, and the jet flow past the buckets is
essentially at constant pressure. Impulse turbines are ideally suited for
high head and relatively low power.
Since the water jet is always open to atmosphere, inlet and exit
pressure of water jet will be same and will be same as atmospheric
pressure. However absolute velocity of fluid will have huge drop from inlet
10
to exit of bucket. This kinetic energy drop is the maximum energy the
bucket can absorb. So it is clear that Pelton turbine gains mechanical
energy purely due to change in kinetic energy of jet, not due to pressure
energy change. Which means Pelton turbine is a pure impulse machine.
11
Impulse force produced by water jet is high when jet is having high
velocity. Water stored at high altitude can easily produce high jet velocity.
This is the reason why Pelton turbine is most suitable for operation, when
water is stored at high altitude. The primary feature of the impulse turbine
is the power production as the jet is deflected by the moving buckets.
Assuming that the speed of the exiting jet is zero (all of the kinetic energy
of the jet is expended in driving the buckets), negligible head loss at the
nozzle and at the impact with the buckets (assuming that the entire
available head is converted into jet velocity), The Pelton Wheel is the only
form of impulse turbine in common industrial use. It is a robust and simple
machine which is ideal for the production of power from low volume water
flows at a high head with reasonable efficiency. The water strikes the
bucket along the tangent of the tangent of the runner. The energy
available at the inlet of the turbine is only Kinetic Energy. The pressure at
the inlet and outlet is atmospheric pressure. The nozzle increases the
kinetic energy of the water flowing through the penstock. At the outlet of
the nozzle, the water comes out in the form of a jet and strikes the
buckets (vanes) of the runner. Pelton Wheel Turbine is used for High
Heads. Pelton Wheel Turbine has a Specific Speed less than 30(S.I) for
single jet and between 30 and 60 (S.I) for multi-jet. Water leaving those
wheels typically still had high speed, carrying away much of the dynamic
energy brought to the wheels. Pelton's paddle geometry was designed so
that when the rim ran at the speed of the water jet, the water left the
wheel with very little speed; thus his design extracted almost all of the
water's impulse energywhich allowed for a very efficient turbine.
12
DETAIL & SPECIFICATION:
Model is dependent on each manufacturer. Each manufacturer

should be contacted to verify a turbine will suit a particular site.
The generator type associated with micro hydro power is normally

either a permanent magnet, a wound-field, or induction. Smaller turbines
use permanent magnet generators, some of which have adjustable gaps
between the magnets and the windings for tuning the output. Stand-alone
synchronous generators have a wound-field that produces its own
magnetic excitation, and induction generators receive their magnetic
excitation from the stator, either via capacitors or the grid.
Maximum power is determined by the watts produced by the

turbine at maximum water flow and net head. This number is used to
calculate the size of charge controllers and dump loads necessary to
protect turbines and battery banks, adding a safety factor.
Voltage of the type of generator used. Alternating current (AC)

generators are used for either standard 60 Hz electricity or to produce
wild unregulated voltage and frequency electricity, which is rectified to
DC to charge batteries. Wild indicates that the turbine is not producing
steady 60 Hz AC, and the frequency and voltage may vary. High-voltage
generation (hundreds of volts instead of dozens of volts) can be useful in
overcoming line losses.
AC/DC stands for alternating current and direct current. Smaller

(100 to 1,000 W; less than 2 kW; 48 kWh/day) hydro-electric turbines use
permanent-magnet, wild AC generators. Larger micro hydro systems (2
to 100 kW) use either an induction or synchronous AC generators.
Virtually all spinning generators make AC natively, and how it is
transferred and conditioned is based on the application. Battery charging
turbines end up producing DC. The grid and your home loads are : AC
systems, so turbines designed to directly interface with them produce AC
in the end.
Grid connection is possible with certain makes and models. The

grid connection for a smaller (less than 2 kW) hydro system commonly
uses a grid-tied inverter, as for PV systems. Larger systems (2 to 100 kW)
13
are connected through switchgear and inductive generators or

synchronous generators and governors.
Runner type identifies the turbine wheel used to convert water

power to rotational power, and is determined by the head and flow
available. Through testing, manufacturers have determined the best
runner types for various head and flow conditions. Common types are the
Pelton wheel, the turbo, the cross flow, and the propeller. Your turbine
supplier and contractor can give good advice about the choices.
Runner Material. Runners for micro hydro applications are

commonly made of an alloy, since these materials resist corrosion and are
easily cast and machined into shape. Stainless is most common in larger
systems. Stainless steel and various bronze alloys are common, long-
lasting materials. Plastics are used for smaller, less expensive runners.
Runner diameter selection is associated with the velocity of water

impacting the runner, which is directly related to available head. The
higher the head, the smaller the runner diameter for a given/constant
shaft speed. Under ideal conditions, the runner velocity is approximately
half the water jet velocity. For practicality, runners for smaller turbines are
usually limited to just a few. The runners speed is adjusted by means of
the generator field in relation to battery voltage, or using belt pulley ratios
in relation to the output frequency of direct AC systems Again; your
suppliers are your best resources for helping make this choice.
Number of nozzles is a choice dependent on the range of water

flow available to the turbine. Nozzles are opened or closed (manually for
most small turbines, and occasionally automatically for larger turbines) to
maintain maximum pressure in the turbine pipeline while taking
advantage of available flow. Having multiple nozzles is especially
important where stream flow varies widely over the year, so you have the
option of using more or less water.
Nozzle size options are associated with available water flow.

Smaller-diameter nozzle sizes are used for lower-flow situations. Nozzles
are sized by manufacturers based on potential range of flow. Generally,
14
these parts are removable and replaceable. Larger systems sometimes

have adjustable needle nozzles or spear valves.
Head range is associated with types of turbine runners that can be

used. Higher-head turbines use impact runners, which are generally Pelton
or turbo designs. Mid-range turbines (suitable for 20 to 60 feet of head)
use reaction runners, which are Submerged fully or partially, and include
Francis and propeller runners. Low-head turbines (3 to 20 feet) may also
use propeller reaction turbines.
Flow range will vary for every project site. The table shows the
actual flow used in the turbine, which may be 10% to 50% of the stream
flow.
Controls and over-speed control are necessary for stand-alone

AC turbines to maintain 60 cycles per second output under varying load
conditions. Electronic load governors usually provide this control for AC
units, shunting energy to resistive loads. Control is also necessary for grid-
tied systems when utility outages occur. Without the load of the utility
grid, a hydro turbine will over-speed, possibly resulting in mechanical and
electrical failure.
Controls, dump load, and metering included describes what

comes with a turbine and what must be purchased separately.
DESCRIPTION OF PARTS
PRICIPAL COMPONENTS REQUIRED AND THEIR USES IN
MECHANICAL SECTION :
PELTON WHEEL: For converting water potential energy to Mechanical

(Rotational) energy.
b) SHAFT: To link the rotational energy of the Pelton wheel to the

alternator for
generating power.
15
c) BEARINGS: For easy movement of the shaft in the frame and

rotor.
d) STABLE FRAME: To hold whole of the project firmly and rigidly so

that there is
no breakdown or vibrations or less movements.
e) SCREWS,NUTS, BOLTS, HAMMER ETC: To be used for tighting

various parts of the machine which include linking the shaft with the
Pelton Wheel.
f) PUMP: To provide the water flow and to create artificial Head.
g) NOZZLE: To provide the water jet coming out of the pump for high
velocity jet.
h) Other various mechanical parts as per the requirements basis.
ELECTRICAL SECTION:
ALTERNATOR: To be used for current generating purpose
b) CABLES: to connect and test the generated electricity
c) 12V BATTERY: To charge the electro magnet inside the stator of

the alternator.
d) Other devices and materials as per the requirements.
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: the various measuring instruments

include
a) MULTIMETER: To measure current, voltage generated .
b) TACHOMETER: To measure the RPM of the shaft.
c) MARKED BUCKET: To measure the rate of flow of the water from

the pump.
16
d) VERNIER CALLIPER, SCREWGAUGES ETC: For measuring various

dimensions.
DESIGN
DESIGN OF THE PELTON WHEEL
As we know that the shape of the bucket or runner is quite complex

in construction and there are material and machine limitations to
manufacture an exact form of Pelton bucket. So, in order to make an
efficient bucket of the Pelton wheel which will do the same work as the
scientifically proved diagram of the bucket, we had used some household
ladle whose shape resembles to that of a bucket.
STEPS
1) Taking a mild steel flat rod of 30mm width and 0.5 mm thickness,
we had made a circle by hammering on an anvil so that all the 21 nos. of
equidistant buckets could be placed. For this purpose, we measure the
periphery of the circle and marked in 21 parts as we get from calculation.
2) We then joined the circles taking 8 pieces of straight bars of

30mm width and 0.5 mm thickness and joined it to the manufactured
circled bar using arc welding process.
3) Then we take the spoons or the ladle which are stainless steel
and cut it at the middle leaving 5 cm from the main bucket by using a
hacksaw. We also cut the upper portion of the bucket by using the
grinding wheel so that water get passes outside as shown in the diagram.
4) We then join the splitter made of thin sheet of mild steel by using
special electrode made for arc welding operation required for joining
stainless steel and mild steel named as Durochrome heterogeneous
welding rods
5) We take 2cm square rod of 5cm length and cut into 21 equal
dimensioned pieces using power hacksaw and join it in the circular
manufactured bar by using arc welding process as shown in the figure.
17
6) We then take a hollow circular mild steel bar of inner dia 25 mm

having a small amount of tolerance and fitted to the main centre of the
circular framed turbine so that it can be fitted to the shaft .
18
Fig.1. Bucket of the Pelton

wheel
Fig.2. Pelton wheel without

bucket
Fig..3. Pelton wheel with

bucket
19
DESIGN OF THE FRAME:
Design of the frame is of great importance as it has to be

manufactured in order accordingly with the design and scale Of the
project. The frame should have the capacity to hold the whole project
firmly so that it could not fall or break down during the running of water or
running of the Pelton wheel during its live operation,
STEPS:
1.We start the fabrication part of the project from the construction
of frame. As shown in the below given diagram we cut the L-shaped mild
steel bars and square hollow rods into required dimension(in cm) by using
a power hacksaw machine
2 .First we have joined the L-shaped bars into the specified

dimension so that a robust base can be fabricated. For that process, we
have joined and welded all the pre-cut steel bars of various dimensions by
using arc welding process using E6013 type electrode3. After the
construction of the main base, we then cut hollow square steel bars to be
fitted vertically into the base. For this purpose also we have cut the bars
and welded to the main base again by using arc welding method using
E6013 type welding electrode.
20
Fig..4. Steps for completion of the

main frame
CONSTRUCTION OF NOZZLE:
Nozzles are used to provide the high velocity jet coming out of the
pump to the Pelton wheel. We had made these different sizes of nozzles.
The diameters of the nozzles are 20, 25, and 30mm.
STEPS
For making converging nozzles we take two different sizes of

cylindrical rods and cut it in machine into the desired sizes. Then both the
rods are joined by using welding rods. The various operation regarding the
construction of various sizes of the nozzles are shown in the picture given
below: We have used different types of nozzles so that we can vary the
jet velocity of the water jet so as to obtain different values of rpm of the
rotating Pelton wheel.
21
Fig.5. Steps for constructing the nozzle
DESIGN OF SHAFT:
STEPS
1) We now move onto the shaft part, for which we take a 35 mm
diameter cylinder rod of 580 mm length. We use lathe machine to make
the shaft as per required size and for this we use operation like turning,
facing and finally we get the shaft as per required size 30mm for the
pelton wheel part(shown in the figure)
22
2) To fit the shaft in the base frame and connect it to the alternator
we had use bearing housing of internal diameter 20 mm hole on the base.
This bearing housing is used for the purpose of holding the main shaft to
the frame rigidly. The bearing housing is held tightly with the main ferame
bu using nuts and bolts of 10 mm dia and length 1.5 inch.
3) To connect the alternator and the shaft, coupling is used. For

coupling, one part of the shaft is threaded to join the alternator. We make
a key slot on the shaft and the coupling part, which is done in the lathe
and the shaper machine so that the rotatory motion of the shaft is being
transferred to the rotor shaft of the alternator. For threading part we use
14 mm screw pitch and gear arrangement is (30, 70, 50, 100) in the lathe
machine.This threading is done for the purpose of joining the other part of
the coupling with the rotor shaft of the alternator.
Fig.6. Design of shaft with key slot
23
RESULTS
After completion of all the required parts, an alternator is fitted to

the main shaft of the rotating turbine and a proper cover is made by using
sheet metal so that water could not get entered inside the turbine which
may cause some problems to the alternator used. As all the required parts
are manufactured and fabricated painting is done on the all required parts
so that there should not be any rusting problem. Painting also gives an
attractive look to the model.
Fig.7. Final completed view of our project
24
Fig.8. Characteristics curve for the turbine
25
DISCUSSIONS ON THE PROJECT MODEL

1) The design and fabricated model have given around 500 rpm when rotated with the
help of a pump under the
artificial head of 15m. This rpm can be further enhanced by using a higher head resulting
in more discharge of water
and more jet velocity.
2) The Pelton wheel may not rotate after a while or stop rotating if enough RPM is not
generated as per the limitations
of the Alternator due to partial excitation of the rotor. Partial excitation of the rotor inside
the alternator generates
opposition force to the rotating shaft. If we can overcome this force, then only current will
be generated
produced/generated in the alternator.
3) If there is manufacturing defect in the alignment of the Pelton wheel, then there will be
vibrations to the Pelton
wheel which may result in fewer rotations or zero rotations.
4) Special care should be given to the manufacture of the frame so that it could not fall
down during operation.
5) The Pelton wheel, shaft and Alternator should be held tightly in the frame so that there
must be lesser vibrations as
much as possible.
6) The design of the nozzle should be such that it could discharge the required amount of
water without any failure with
a high velocity. This velocity of jet would generate the force on the Pelton wheel will lastly
rote the conductor of the
Alternator.
7) Care should be taken during the manufacturing process so that there should be no loss
of materials which would
result in more amount of investment.
26
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Working Principle of Pelton Turbine
The high speed water jets emerging from the nozzles strike the
buckets at splitters, placed at the middle of a bucket, from where jets are
divided into two equal streams. These streams flow along the inner curve
of the bucket and leave it in the direction opposite to that of incoming jet.
The high speed water jets running the Pelton Wheel Turbine are obtained
by expanding the high pressure water through nozzles to the atmospheric
pressure. The high pressure water can be obtained from any water body
situated at some height or streams of water flowing down the hills. The
change in momentum (direction as well as speed) of water stream
produces an impulse on the blades of the wheel of Pelton Turbine. This
impulse generates the torque and rotate the shaft of Pelton Turbine the
impulse received by the blades should be maximum possible. That is
obtained when the water stream is deflected in the direction opposite to
which it strikes the buckets and with the same speed relative to the
buckets.
27
MERITS AND DEMERITS
Advantages of Pelton Turbine:
Also in the silted water we can use this device.
It creates an ideal for hydroelectric power generation.
The efficiency curve of a Pelton Turbine is flat.
Its overall efficiency is very high, as compared to other one.
It is very simple in construction and easy for maintenance.
They can be prepared out of ceramic materials, plastic, metal, while

generally, metal is preferred.
This device is very easy to assemble.
This turbine is more efficient of all the turbines.
To derive more power, multiple jets Pelton wheel may be used.
You can operate it at low discharge.
Disadvantages of Pelton Turbines:
A lot of heat loss occurs when the river discharge is low.
The Pelton turbine is absolutely the mainly ideal impulse turbines.
Even when the variation in the tail water level is relatively large, the
operating head cannot be utilized.
It has large size components.
28
It is very difficult to control the variation in the operating head.
Its efficiency can be decreased with time.
The quantity of power is to be extracted as the small streams, that would

have or else gone to dissipate.
They are only ideal for the location in which a stream of water has a higher
quantity of pressure with a low flow rate.
This is not the best turbine for low-pressure streams by a high flow rate.
29
COST ESTIMATION
30
CONCLUSION
As robust global economic expansion continues the question of
where a growing world population will continue to get the electricity to
drive the economic engine remains. While most of the new generation
supply will come from thermal resources, conventional thinking on the
development of new resources and supplies should provide greater
emphasis on using sustainable, renewable resources. Hydroelectric power
has an important role to play in the future, and provides considerable
benefits to an integrated electric system. The worlds remaining
hydroelectric potential needs to be considered in the new energy mix,
with planned projects taking into consideration social and environmental
impacts, so that necessary mitigation and compensation measures can be
taken. Clearly, the population affected by a project should enjoy a better
quality of life as a result of the project. Hydro development should go
hand in hand with further research and development in the field of other
renewable options such as solar and wind power. Energy conservation
measures should also be optimized and encouraged. Any development
involves change and some degree of compromise, and it is a question of
assessing benefits and impacts at an early enough stage, and in adequate
detail, with the full involvement of those people affected, so that the right
balance can be achieved. Two billion people in developing countries have
no reliable electricity supply, and especially in these countries for the
foreseeable future, hydropower offers a renewable energy source on a
realistic scale. Our project aims at designing and fabricating a similar type
of project but the scale of the project may be lesser compared to the
micro hydro power turbine due to limitations of the machines and
availability of the materials.
31

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H H M JDT ISLAM POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

RENOVATION OF PELTON TURBINE

H H M JDT ISLAM POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

JAMIATH HILL, VELLIMADUKUNNU, CALICUT-12, PH-

01. ADWAITH VYASAN 07. ARJUL K

02. AJMAL E 08. ARUN MOHANDAS

03. AKHIL TP 09. ATHUL PS

04. ALTHAF RAHMAN BM 10. ATHUL RAJ

05. ANAS PP 11. EHTHISHAMUL HAQUE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

This is to certify that the project entitled RENOVATION OF

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT STAFF-IN-CHARGE

Internal Examiner External

We thank to god almighty for helping us to complete the project in a

We thank to Mr. KOYA sir (HOD of mechanical department), Mr.

We also extend our sincere thanks to all other faculty members of

Project work has an important position in the syllabus of diploma

Pelton Wheel turbine is an impulse type of hydraulic turbine. The

ELECTRICITY AS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF POWER

We all know that electricity is one of the most important discoveries

Different Types of Electricity Generating Power Plants

Steam power plants

Energy sources are valuable for their abilities to generate electricity,

ADVANTAGES OF USING HYDRO ELECTRICITY

Hydroelectric energy offers a number of advantages for people who

1. Using this type of energy to generate electricity is not dependent upon

The above mentioned factors make hydroelectric a form of energy

DETAIL & SPECIFICATION:

Model is dependent on each manufacturer. Each manufacturer

The generator type associated with micro hydro power is normally

Maximum power is determined by the watts produced by the

Voltage of the type of generator used. Alternating current (AC)

AC/DC stands for alternating current and direct current. Smaller

Grid connection is possible with certain makes and models. The

are connected through switchgear and inductive generators or

Runner type identifies the turbine wheel used to convert water

Runner Material. Runners for micro hydro applications are

Runner diameter selection is associated with the velocity of water

Number of nozzles is a choice dependent on the range of water

Nozzle size options are associated with available water flow.

these parts are removable and replaceable. Larger systems sometimes

Head range is associated with types of turbine runners that can be

Controls and over-speed control are necessary for stand-alone

Controls, dump load, and metering included describes what

PELTON WHEEL: For converting water potential energy to Mechanical

b) SHAFT: To link the rotational energy of the Pelton wheel to the

c) BEARINGS: For easy movement of the shaft in the frame and

d) STABLE FRAME: To hold whole of the project firmly and rigidly so

e) SCREWS,NUTS, BOLTS, HAMMER ETC: To be used for tighting

f) PUMP: To provide the water flow and to create artificial Head.

h) Other various mechanical parts as per the requirements basis.

ALTERNATOR: To be used for current generating purpose

b) CABLES: to connect and test the generated electricity

c) 12V BATTERY: To charge the electro magnet inside the stator of

d) Other devices and materials as per the requirements.

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: the various measuring instruments

a) MULTIMETER: To measure current, voltage generated .

b) TACHOMETER: To measure the RPM of the shaft.

c) MARKED BUCKET: To measure the rate of flow of the water from

d) VERNIER CALLIPER, SCREWGAUGES ETC: For measuring various

DESIGN OF THE PELTON WHEEL