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Annotated Bibliography

Motivation for African American Academic Achievement at PWIs

Elese Brown

Professor Malcolm Campbell

UWRT 1104

March 15, 2017

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Annotated Bibliography

Allen, Walter R., et al. College in Black and White: African American Students in Predominantly

White and in Historically Black Public Universities. State University of New York, 1991.

This book source targets the statistical research of African American academic

achievement at PWIs and HBCUs. Because of the sample surveys taken by African

American students at sixteen public university campuses across the country, this source

provides first-hand feedback and details concerning the logical and statistical difference

between white and black students. The detailed chapters provide information specifically

on how African American students attending a PWI, adapt to their collegiate community

compared to African America students at HBCUs. They also incorporated their social and

economic characteristics, as well as their levels of adjustment in predominantly white

institutes. One main piece of research gathered, was concerning their academic success

on a PWI campus. The main piece of information I focused on from this source is the

motivation segment, which tied into the academic success portion. Per the research, much

of the students motivation was based on campus engagement. Not only are students

fueled by competition against their white peers to be successful academically, but

campus involvement increases their motivation as well.

This book is an academic source and is intentionally written to capture the attention of

professors and African American college students across the country. Following the

examination of the wealth of information Ive gained from this source, I believe the

information is very credible. The authors/editors, Walter R. Allen, Edgar G. Epps, and

Nesha Z. Haniff, are college professors. They are very experienced in their fields. The

information theyve collected gives me reason to believe that it is credible because their
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credentials are indeed valid. The format in which each chapter and section is broken

down provides the reader with a clear understanding of the research collected. The editors

include numerous T-Tests, Samples, and Tables to prove the validity of their research.

In comparison to my other sources, this book source has an abundance of data and

information that I can use for my inquiry project. This is not an opinion based source. All

information included in this book are facts and data collected from surveys taken and

research completed based on the responses of African American students across the

country. This source is very useful and will be included in my project. The notes Ive

taken pertaining to data in the book, has strengthened my topic. It helped shape my

argument simply by adding facts and data to an opinion based argument. This book

source has aided in my inquiry process.

Chiles, Nick. At the University of Georgia, Black Students Navigate in a White World. The

Hechinger Report, The Hechinger Report, 25 Nov. 2016, hechingerreport.org/university-

georgia-black-students-navigate-white-world/. Accessed 8 Mar. 2017.

This news article source provides first-hand accounts of African American students

attending the University of Georgia (PWI). In this newsletter, students express their

undue grief with the treatment they receive from their white peers on campus. One

student noted that opposition is seldom to occur in the classroom, but magnifies in dorm

halls and social settings. However, despite the opposition the students are serving as

advocates for better representation of black students on PWI campuses across the

country, especially at the top schools. These advocates are pushing for the betterment of

the social experience on campuses. Thusly, making all students feel comfortable and safe

at all times.
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This news article source was found on a popular website entitled The Hechinger

Report, whose Media Partners include: NBC News, Time, Slate, and The

Huffington Post. The author, Nick Chiles, is an award-winning journalist and a three-

time New York Times best-selling author. This information is credible. Hes written 14

books and won the Pulitzer Prize. In this news article, Chiles provides statistics and

interview responses from African American students attending UGA. This article was

written to inform and to persuade. The intended audience is students attending UGA and

UGA administration. The way everything came together, with the personal experience

quotes, statistics, and advocacy statements, helped solidify the accuracy and importance

of the article.

In comparison to my other sources, this news article provides my project with the

advocacy aspect. Ive gotten clear and concise evidence needed to prove the effect of

social discrimination, on the African American experience on a PWI campus. This source

has helped shape my topic by providing the first-hand experience of African American

students on a PWI campus. This source will be included in my inquiry project.

Reeder, Matthew C., and Neal Schmitt. Motivational and Judgment Predictors of African

American Academic Achievement at PWIs and HBCUs. Journal of College Student

Development, vol. 54, no. 1, 2013, pp. 29-42.

This peer-review article focused on the individual and collective academic achievement

for African American students on HBCU and PWI campuses. They highlight the

differences between African American students attending both institutions. The

differences observed were through academic motivation and judgment. They wanted to

see whether the academic institution affected African American academic achievement.
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By the end of this study, it was concluded that the type of institution and environment

affects academic success. Being involved on campus and forming relationships with

peers increases the likelihood of students being motivated academically.

This peer-review article was found on the J Murrey Atkins Library database. The authors

are very credible. Matthew C. Reeder is a professor at Georgetown University. Neal

Schmitt is a professor at Michigan State University. Schmitt has completed research prior

to this article, concerning college admissions and students academic motivation. Reeder

has completed research in educational setting assessment. Per the background of the

authors, this article is very credible. This article was written to inform. The intended

audience could be mainly African American college students. However, it could also

target collegiate admissions boards around the country. This article could help the

admissions boards and collegiate administrations adapt to the needs of all students,

specifically African American students.

In comparison to my other sources, this article includes a lot of statistical evidence. The

authors back up their reasoning with facts from student surveys and statistical research.

This article will be used in my inquiry project. Not only will my project have research

based on facts and numbers, but first-hand accounts as well.

Ware, Lawrence. How to Survive, Be Safe and Thrive at a Predominantly White Institution.

The Root, www.theroot.com, 8 Aug. 2016, www.theroot.com/how-to-survive-be-safe-

and-thrive-at-a-predominantly-w-1790856312. Accessed 8 Mar. 2017.

This website source provides a note of advice for African Americans attending

predominantly white institutes. After the author provides his personal account while

attending a PWI, he gives the audience advice on how to stay true to ones self and be
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successful while on a PWI campus. He expressed the grief and negativity he endured

while on campus. He goes into detail about the racist acts and comments directed towards

him. This personal experience has allowed the author to offer some insight and support

on how to survive on a campus that may not be completely welcoming of someone in the

African American community. Some of the main points of advice he focuses on are:

Love yourself and Build community. These points of advice are backed and

supported by strong evidence.

This source is a popular source, published on theroot.com. The author, Lawrence Ware, is

a professor at Oklahoma State University. He teaches in the Department of Philosophy.

He has lectured and taught across the country on various issues including race and

economic policy. The information is reliable and is meant to inform as well as persuade.

The intended audience is African American students attending a predominantly white

institute. In comparison to my other sources, this source uses personal experience to

connect with the audience. This connection is used as a stepping stone to give the

audience sound advice on how to survive on a PWI campus.

This new source was very helpful. It has added an element of relativity to my project.

Rather than just throwing facts at my audience, I will use this source to provide the reader

with the personal experience provided by the author to make my inquiry project affective.