International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459,ISO 9001:2008Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013)
Analysis of Breakdowns and Improvement of Preventive
Maintenance on 1000 Ton Hydraulic Press
Praveen Kumar R1, Rudramurthy2
1 2
M.Tech scholar, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra college of Engineering,
Mysore, Karnataka, India
Abstract The main objective of the project isto increase
the availability a machine and toreduce the down time of a
machine, to maximize production capacity and to improve
new Preventive maintenance schedule. The project is carried
out on hydraulic press were all repeated breakdowns analyzed
along with the critical parts, which were under breakdown
condition is also identified and analyzed . Also the reason for
the breakdown has been analyzed and inspected by the
method of Fish bone diagram and why-why analysis. By this
analysis and methods the root causes of the breakdowns were
identified. This in turn helped to develop and improve a new
Preventive maintenance checklist for the machine. This
method is used to prevent the failure of equipment before it
actually occurs. This project work is aiming at reducing idle
time i.e., breakdown and towards optimizing plant
performance by increasing availability and MTBF of critical
manufacturing equipments This has been achieved by optimal
utilization of time for maintenance, inspection frequency by
considering manufacturer recommendation and previous
experience. By all these procedures the availability of the
machine will increases to a certain extent and also increases
the production capacity, minimizes the maintenance cost and
reduces the down time.
KeywordsAvailability, Breakdown, downtime, Preventive
maintenance and Root Cause analysis, Fish bone diagram,
why-why analysis.
I. INTRODUCTION
Machine maintenance is gaining importance in industry
because of the need to increase reliability and to decrease
the possibility of production loss due to the machine
breakdown. Schedule preventive maintenance reduces the
regular breakdowns and increases the availability of
machine. Detection of faults like imbalance, shaft
misalignment, gear failure and bearing defects is possible.
These signals can also be used to detect the incipient
failures of the machine components, through the online
monitoring system, reducing the possibility of catastrophic
damage and the down time. Maintenance is an activity to
ensure that equipment is in a satisfactory condition and
reliable. The goal of maintenance is to ensure that the
performance of the equipment is satisfactory.
636
A good maintenance system contributes to efficiency,
customer service, high quality, safety, on time delivery, and
customer satisfaction. For complex mechanical equipment
containing units the optimal model to preventive
maintenance cycle policy is proposed to minimize the
maintenance cost rate, the model is subject to the
availability and the reliability. And optimal variable is
preventive maintenance cycle [1]. The ability to forecast
correctly equipment preventive maintenance (PM) timing
requirements not only helps optimizing equipment uptime
but also minimizing negative impacts on manufacturing
production efficiency [2]. A conception of the production
scheduling and preventive maintenance in industries was
taken for the research work. Thus, there is an intense need
for manufacturing industries to reduce unexpected
breakdowns and remain competitive, and motivating
maintenance operations should be integrated into
production scheduling models [3].
II. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1000 ton hydraulic press is a critical machine. Although
the company is following the present preventive
maintenance schedule. This maintenance schedule is over
exceeding the minimum acceptable level of breakdowns.
Due to this frequent breakdown, there is decreasing in
production capacity and MTBF and also decreases the
machine availability. Hence here an attempt has been made
to overcome the above draw backs by incorporating new
preventive maintenance schedule.
III. DATA COLLECTION
Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of
research study. Inaccurate data collection can impact the
results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results.Data
is essential for investigating the Root Cause of the problem.
Data also provides the foundation for:
Defining the current performance
Identification of root cause
Measuring progress
Verifying effectiveness of solutions
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459,ISO 9001:2008Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013)
1. Goal of the data collection is: Operating a hydraulic press can be extremely dangerous
Probe the data to determine what happened during and unskilled, untrained workers should never attempt to
the occurrence operate hydraulic presses. Hydraulic presses are used to
Describe how it happened extrude the cold and hot pattern. LASCO hydraulic cold
Understand why it happened forming presses are capable of producing parts with a
tolerance of a millimeter. Cold extrusion is among the most
2. Failure data collection: The following information is important processes for the economic forming of near net-
available in maintenance data log books or log sheets shape parts in large volumes. World-wide a multitude of
and if computerized, data is available in equipment different parts, including drive pinions, starter shafts,
history sheets. hollow shafts, and similar automotive parts, are cold forged
The data about the causes of breakdown on LASCO hydraulic presses. In a combined process of
Breakdown hours forward, backward, and cross extrusion, intricate parts,
Repair time, inspection time and maintenance action such as spiders, can be produced in an efficient way and
taken with consistent quality.
Parts replaced TABLE I
The data should also include the failure reasons Machine breakdowns details of 1000 ton hydraulic forging press
related to machine, material, process, environment No of
Sl. Preventive
etc. These data, after analysis, will be helpful in the No
Problem times Correction action
action
redesigning during the availability improvement B/d
attempt.
1. Die housing 5 Water jacket was
A. Machine details of 1000 ton hydraulic forging pres: cooling not cleaned by acid
taking place
Hydraulic presses are employed for many applications
like slotting, pressing, clamping, blanking, embossing, 2. Punch 8 Punch displacement/
stamping, stacking and trimming. There are quite a few displacement new assembly was done
cylinder
types of hydraulic presses in the market. Each different movement
hydraulic press offers different features making them ideal
for a number of applications. Hydraulic presses operate 3. Ram movement 7 Pilot valve pressure drop
under pressurized, incompressible liquids and are capable in the press to 60bar so pilot valve
of producing thousands Tons of force. has changed 100bar
achieved

4. Loading arm 7 Gear box has replaced

gear box failure

5. Ram movement 9 Motor coupling changed

not taking place

6. Bolster die 10 Bolster has replaced

clamping thread
worn -out

7. Displacement 4 Displacement cylinder

cylinder piston has changed
rod thread end
cut

8. Stripper 8 O ring has been

actuating replaced
cylinder problem

Note: - Major Breakdown should be considered for minimum acceptable level of

Breakdown i.e. greater than Three times of breakdowns (> 3 Times of
breakdowns)

Fig1: 1000 ton hydraulic forging press

637
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459,ISO 9001:2008Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013)
IV. ANALYSIS AND COUNTER MEASURES
A. Root cause analysis:
Root Cause Analysis is a method that is used to address
a problem or non-conformance, in order to get to the root
cause of the problem. It is used to correct or eliminate the
cause, and prevent the problem from recurring.Or, in other
wordsfor a particular product problem, Root Causeis the
factor that, when you fix it, the problem goes away and
doesnt come back.
B. Need for root cause analysis:
A Root Cause Analysis will disclose:
Why the incident, failure or breakdown occurred
How future failures can be eliminated by:
Changes to procedures
Changes to operation
Training of staff
Design modifications
Verification that new or rebuilt equipment is free
of defects which may shorten life:
a. Repair and reinstallation is performed to
acceptance standards.
b. Identification of any factors adversely affecting
service life and implementation of mitigating
actions.
C. Tools of root cause analysis:
1. Fish bone diagram also called as Cause and Effect
Diagram:
Fishbone analysis is an example of root cause analysis
specifically, its a type of cause and effect diagram which
helps you to think through causes of a problem thoroughly.
Their major benefit is that they push you to consider all
possible causes of the problem, rather than just the ones
that are most obvious. This approach works on two
principles:
a. The true problem must be understood before action is
taken.
b. Problems are often masked for a variety of reasons.
Fig2: Fish bone diagram
638
Causes are usually grouped into major categories to
identify these sources of variation. The categories typically
include:
People: Anyone involved with the process.
Methods: How the process is performed and the
specific requirements for doing it, such as policies,
procedures, rules, regulations and laws.
Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc.
required to accomplish the job.
Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc.
used to produce the final product.
Measurements: Data generated from the process
that are used to evaluate its quality.
Environment: The conditions, such as location,
time, temperature, and culture in which the
process operates.
2. 5-why analysis
The 5-Why method helps to determine the cause-effect
relationships in a problem or a failure event. It can be used
whenever the real cause of a problem or situation is not
clear. Using the 5-Whys is a simple way to try solving a
stated problem without a large detailed investigation
requiring many resources. When problems involve human
factors this method is the least stressful on participants. It is
one of the simplest investigation tools easily completed
without statistical analysis. Also known as a Why Tree, it is
supposedly a simple form of root cause analysis.
By repeatedly asking the question, Why? you peel
away layers of issues and symptoms that can lead to the
root cause. You start with a statement of the situation and
ask why it occurred. You then turn the answer to the first
question into a second Why question. The next answer
becomes the third Why question and so on. Though this
technique is called 5-Whys, five is a rule of thumb. You
may ask more or less Whys before finding the root of a
problem.
a. Benefits of the 5 Whys:
Help identify the root cause of a problem.
Determine the relationship between different root
causes of a problem.
One of the simplest tools; easy to complete
without statistical analysis.
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459,ISO 9001:2008Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013)
TABLE II b) Cause analysis: Fish bone diagram
For analysis purpose repeated Breakdowns are taken to find out the
problem location:

1000 ton hydraulic forging pres

Sl.
No
Problem Problem location Purpose

1. Die housing Die holder Die cooling

cooling not taking
place

2. Punch displacement Ram assembly in Forging operation

cylinder movement displacement cylinder [ first & second
punch
displacement
purpose]

3. Ram movement in Press not producing Forging operation

the press required Force

4. Loading arm gear Loading arm, gear box Billet movement

box failure into die pot area

5. Ram movement not Press main motor To drive the Fig: 3 Fish bone diagram for die housing coolingproblem
taking place assembly hydraulic pump
c) 5-why analysis:
6. Bolster die Forging area Die housing
clamping thread clamping
worn -out Problem: Die housing cooling not taking place

7. Displacement Ram area Forging operation Question Answer

cylinder piston rod WhatisYourFinalAction Die housing water jacket has been
thread end cut cleaned by HCL
After : Proper cooling taking place Yes No
8. Stripper actuating Stripper cylinder Job stripping
WHY ANSWER ACTION
cylinder problem purpose
Why1: water jacket Water jacket got clogged Cleaning
cleaning has been done by scales
D. Root cause analysis of 1000 ton hydraulic press: Due to hardness in water
Why 2: water jacket got Water is treated by
1. Problem statement: Die housing cooling not taking clogged by scales water treatment method
place Why 3: does water get Due to natural available of Water treatment has
in hardness water been done and pH value
Problem location: Die holder will be monitored 6.5 to
Purpose: Die cooling 7.5
Customer: AAL TATA MOTOR d) Corrective counter measures:
Product: Spindle 10TG-C055 Periodic checking of water hardness by pH
method.
a) Interim containment actions:
Monitoring and periodic cleaning of heat
Spare die holder provided. exchanging and water jacket.
NOTE: Similarly other type of problem can solved by using these
method and Identifying the Root Causes to obtain the preventive
action.

639
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459,ISO 9001:2008Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013)
TABLE III E. Preventive maintenance program:
After RCA implementation of Preventive maintenance checklist
The most important reason for a PM program is reduced
1000 ton hydraulic forging pres costs as seen in the following ways:
Sl.
No Correction Reduced production downtime, resulting in fewer
Problem Preventive action
action machine breakdowns.
Better conservation of assets and increased life
1. Die housing Water jacket was Periodic checking of water expectancy of assets, thereby eliminating premature
cooling not cleaned by acid hardness by pH
taking place methodneutral pH value replacement of machinery and equipment.
from 6.5 to 7.5 Reduced overtime costs and more economical use of
maintenance workers due to working on a scheduled
2. Punch Punch Check pilot operated basis instead of a crash basis to repair breakdowns.
displacement displacement/ pressure valve range from 80
cylinder new assembly to 100 kg/cm2 .
Timely, routine repairs circumvent fewer large-scale
movement was done repairs.
Reduced cost of repairs by reducing secondary
3. Ram Pilot valve Periodic interval of oil failures. When parts fail in service, they usually
movement in pressure drop to quality monitoring damage the other parts.
the press 60bar so pilot
valve has Before oil testing paper After Reduced product rejects, rework and scrap due to
changed 100bar oil testing paper better overall equipment condition.
achieved Identification of equipment with excessive
maintenance costs, indicating the need for corrective
maintenance, operator training, or replacement of
obsolete equipment.
Improved safety and quality conditions.
4. Loading arm Gear box has Proper tuning of proximity
gear box replaced sensor position Distance F. Benefits of preventive maintenance:
failure from < 5mm sensing board.
Keeps equipment in good condition to prevent large
5. Ram Motor coupling Ensure Periodic maintenance problems.
movement not changed to carried out by giving Extends the useful life of equipment.
taking place hand/manual torque to the Improves system availability and reliability.
motor.
Decreases system downtime.
6. Auto mode Draw carriage Periodic observation of Parts stocking levels can be optimized.
ram proximity output loosened cables and periodic Reduces number of emergency breakdowns.
movement not wire loosened [ checking of proximity sensor Greatly reduces unplanned downtime.
working reconnection cables. Finds small problems before they become big ones.
done]
Improves customer service.
7. Bolster die Bolster has Periodic changing of bolster Reduces inventory cost by ensuring availability of
clamping replaced studs and proper clamping spare parts.
thread worn- method by using torque Decreases maintenance costs and replacement costs.
out wrench.
Increases overall productivity.
8. Displacement Displacement Checking of tightness of the
cylinder cylinder has guide ways bolts
piston rod changed
thread end cut

9. Stripper O ring has been Periodic maintenance of O-

actuating replaced ring and seal kits and
cylinder observe oil leakage
problem

640
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459,ISO 9001:2008Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013)
TABLE IV TABLE V
Daily cum weekly maintenance check list After RCA points to be added in the preventive maintenance check

Daily cum weekly maintenance check list Preventive Maintenance Check List

M/C Name : Lasco 1000T Operation : Closed M/C No : Operation : Closed M/C No :
M/C Name : Lasco 1000T Press
Press forging 03 forging 03
Sl Frequency
Activity description SI.
NO ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION Specifications Freq
1. Check cleanliness of machine D No

2. Check the slide lubrication oil level D 1. Loading arm greasing Ap3 grease Q

3. Check the slide lubrication D 2. Unloading arm greasing Ap3 grease Q

4. Check the hydraulic oil leakage in the pipe line D 3. Press and automation
Oil patch testing Q
hydraulic oil
5. Check pilot pressure 80 to 100 kg/cm2 . W
4. Chain conveyor bolt
Bolt tightening Q
6. Check soft water level in descaling tank W tightening

7. Pneumatic pressure 4 to 7 kg/cm2 W 5. Compressor cleaning Compressor cleaning H

8. Check the main motor terminal W 6. Press motor greasing Ap3 grease H

9. Check press oil level D 7. Slide shims adjustment Shims adjustment H

10. Check automation oil level D 8. Checking of flange bolt

Encoder checking H
tightness
11. Chemical adding to Press cooling tower W
501 and 504
9. Checking of flange bolt
12. Displacement slide bolt, flange bolt tightening W Punch holder H
tightness
13. Drawing carriage stripper bolts and spring W
10. Adding Chemical 501, 504 to
checking 501 and 504 Y
cooling tower alpha lava tank
14. Check Press DM water tank temperature is 30 to D
35 degree Celsius 11. Press and automation ELC Filter paper 15
Y
filter paper change number
15. Check the oiling for v notch chain conveyor D
12. Descaling pump, valve O-ring, damage parts,
Q
Note : D-Daily W-Weekly maintenance pipe line

13. Descaling unit nozzle

Nozzle servicing Y
cleaning

14. DM water used 6.5 to

DM water cleaning W
7.5

15. Die holder water jacket

Using HCL acid Y
cleaning

Note : Q- quarterly H- half yearly Y- yearly W- weekly

641
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459,ISO 9001:2008Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013)
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 528 48.30
= = 80 hrs
6
1. Availability:
Total break down hours
Availability is the total time of utilization of a machine. MTTR = (in hrs)
No of breakdowns
Availability is the reciprocal of the difference between the
48.30
total available hours and total breakdown hours to the total = = 8.05 hrs
6
available hours.
Availability = 2. March:
Tot al available hours Total Breakdown hours
Total available hours
100 Availability =
Total available hours Total Breakdown hours
Total available hours
100
2. Mean time between failures: (MTBF)
MTBF is the time between two failures. When failure 594 43.45
= 100 = 92.68%
594
rate is constant, the mean time between failures is the
reciprocal of the constant failure rate or the ratio of the test Total available hours break down hours
time to the number of failures. MTBF = No of breakdowns
(in hrs)
Total available hours break down hours 59443.45
MTBF = No of breakdowns
(in hrs) = = 78.65 hrs
7

3. Mean time to repair: (MTTR) Total break down hours

MTTR = (in hrs)
No of breakdowns
"Mean Time to Repair" is the average time that it takes
to repair something after a failure. 43.45
= = 6.2 hrs
Total break down hours 7
MTTR = (in hrs)
No of breakdowns
TABLE VII
Process measurable after root cause analysis and improving
TABLE VI
preventive maintenance management system:
Process measurable before root cause analysis and existing preventive
maintenance management system MONTHLY DOWN TIME REPORT
MONTHLY DOWN TIME REPORT
Machine name: Operation: Machin Date:
1000 ton hyd forging press Closed forging e no:03
Machine name: Operation: Machine Date:
1000 ton hyd forging press Closed no:03 Total no.
forging Total Total Of
Sl Total breakdown
Month Available utilized breakdow
Total no. No hrs n hrs
hrs hrs
Sl Total Of
Total Total
N Month breakdown breakdow
Available hrs utilized hrs 1. APRIL 506 27.23 478.77 6
o hrs n hrs

1. February 528 48.30 479.7 6 2. MAY 550 21.45 528.55 6

2. March 594 43.45 550.55 7

B. After root cause analysis:

A. Before root cause analysis: 1. April:

1. February: Availability =
Total available hours Total Breakdown hours
Availability = Total available hours
100
Total available hours Total Breakdown hours
Total available hours
100 506 27.23
= 100 = 94.61 %
506
528 48.30
= 100 = 90.8 % Total available hours break down hours
528
MTBF = (in hrs)
No of breakdowns
Total available hours break down hours
MTBF = (in hrs)
No of breakdowns

642
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459,ISO 9001:2008Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013)
506 27.23 The above table includes the values of availability,
= = 79.79 hrs
6
MTBF and MTTR before root cause analysis from October
Total break down hours 2012 to March 2013 and also include values of April 2013
MTTR = (in hrs) to May 2013 after root cause analysis.
No of breakdowns

27.23
= 6
= 4.53 hrs

2. May:
Availability =
Total available hours Total Breakdown hours
Total available hours
100

550 21.45
= 100 = 96.1%
550

Total available hours break down hours

MTBF = No of breakdowns
(in hrs)

550 21.45
= = 88.09 hrs
6

Total break down hours 21.45

MTTR = No of breakdowns
(in hrs) = 6
= 3.57 hrs Fig: Comparison of Availability before and after RCA

From the above graphs we can come to the conclusion

TABLE VIII
Values of Availability and MTBF, MTTR of Losco Press before and that Availability after root cause analysis met the target
after RCA for the period October 2012 to May 2013 values and it has been increased considerably than the
Availability before root cause analysis.
MONTHLY DOWN TIME REPORT

Machine name: Operation: Machine Date:

1000 ton hyd forging press Closed forging no:03
Sl Month % Of Targe MTBF Target MTTR Targe
No Availability t% hrs hrs hrs t hrs

1. Oct-12 94.05 95 65 80 8.30 6

2. Nov-12 94.13 95 76.5 80 7.25 6

3. Dec-12 86 95 75 80 9.11 6

4. Jan-13 91.61 95 68 80 6.48 6

5. Feb-13 90.8 95 80 80 8.05 6

6. Mar-13 92.68 95 78.65 80 6.2 6

Fig: Comparison of MTBF before and after RCA
The above table includes the values of availability, MTBF and MTTR before
root cause analysis from October 2012 to March 2013 From the above graphs we can come to the conclusion
that MTBF after root cause analysis met the target values
7. Apr-13 94.61 95 79.79 80 4.53 6 and it has been increased considerably than the MTBF
before root cause analysis.
8. May- 96.1 95 88.09 80 3.57 6
13

The above table includes the values of availability, MTBF and MTTR after
root cause analysis from April 2013 to May 2013

643
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459,ISO 9001:2008Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013)
2. Percentage increase in MTBF of a machine
Percentage increase =
Final average MTBF after RCA Initial average MTBF before RCA
Initial average MTBF before RCA

100
83.9473.85
= 100= 13.66%
73.85

3. Percentage decrease in MTTR of a machine

Percentage increase =
Initial average MTTR before RCA Final average MTTR after RCA

Initial average MTTR before RCA
100
7.564.05
Fig: Comparison of MTTR before and after RCA = 100 = 46.42%
7.56
From the above graphs we can come to the conclusion
that MTTR after root cause analysis couldnt met the target VI. CONCLUSION
values and it has been decreased considerably than the This project has been carried out on 1000 Ton hydraulic
MTTR before root cause analysis. Therefore the above forging press and all repeated breakdowns were analyzed
graphs shows the mean time to repair decreased from the along with the critical parts, which has been under
actual MTTR to planned MTTR. But it has been improved breakdown condition is also identified and analyzed . Also
considerably after root cause analysis. the reason for the breakdown has been analyzed and some
C. Average values of Availability, MTBF and MTTR before of the tools of root cause analysis like 5-why analysis, fish
and after RCA for the period October 2012 to May 2013 bone diagram are implemented to identify the actual cause
of the breakdown. By this analysis and methods the root
Before Root Cause Analysis After Root Cause Analysis
causes of the breakdowns were identified. This in turn
Average Average
helped to develop and improve a new preventive
maintenance checklist for the machine. This method is used
Average Average Average Average to prevent the failure of equipment before it actually
value of value of
value of value of value of value of
MTBF MTTR MTBF MTTR occurs.The average availability of critical machine 1000
% of % of Ton hydraulic forging press after root cause analysis is
availability availability
increased to 4.16%. Also the average MTBF of critical
91.54 73.85 7.56 95.35 83.94 4.05
machine after root cause analysis is increased to 13.66%
and MTTR is decreased to 46.42% respectively. After root
cause analysis there is an improvement in the maximization
1. Percentage increase in AVAILABILITY of a machine of planned productivity.This is because of proper diagnosis
Percentage increase = of the existing system and by employing proper preventive
Final average Availability after RCA Initial average Availability before RCA maintenance schedule. Therefore whenever a breakdown
Initial average Availability before RCA occurs, the root cause of the breakdown has to be
95.3591.54
100= 91.54
100 = 4.16% identified. Then some efforts should be made to improve
this system using root cause analysis and counter measures,
Note: Increase in the Availability of a machine is 4.16% i.e. 4.16% of such that similar type of breakdown can be reduced.
initial Available hours in April and March month is 506 and 550 hrs.
REFFERENCE
4.16506
April = = 21 hrs [1 ] Y. Sherif, M. L. Smith, Optimal maintenance models for systems
100
subject to failure - A review, Naval Research Logistics Quarterly,
Vol. 28, March 1988, pp. 47-74.
Therefore Increase in the Availability of a machine in
[2 ] Li, C. H., & Chang, S. C. (2002). Model for preventive maintenance
April and March month is 21 hrs and 22.88 hrs (22 hrs 52 operations and forecast method for interval triggers. Semiconductor
minutes) respectively. Manufacturing Technology workshop 2002, 1011 Dec. 2002, pp.
275277.
644
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459,ISO 9001:2008Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013)
[3 ] Pan E, Liao W, Xi L (2010) Single-machine-based production [5 ] G. H. Graves and C. Y. Lee, Scheduling maintenance and
scheduling model integrated preventive maintenance planning. Int J semiresumable jobs on a single machine, Nav. Res. Logist, vol. 46,
Adv Manuf Technol 50(14):365375. no.7, pp. 845863, 1999.
[4 ] Akturk, M.S. and Avci, S., Tool allocation and machining [6 ] H P Garg Industrial Maintenance, Rajendra Printers Pvt Ltd, New
conditions- based preventive maintenance for CNC machines. Eur. J. Delhi, 1972.
Oper. Res., 1996, 94, 335348.

645