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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF METALLURICAL, CERAMICS & MINING
ENGINEERING
Performed by:
Al Ignatius F. Mabolis
Submitted to:
INTRODUCTION
All over the world, there has always been the prevalence of coals. A coal is a
solid, usually brown or black, carbon-rich material that most often occurs in stratified
sedimentary deposits as the most important of the primary fossil fuels. In modern
utilization, coal has been used as a source of energy; as a chemical feedstock from which
numerous synthetic compounds can be derived and other productions for metallurgical
processes.
Coal has chemical components and properties and there are commonly employed
systems of classification that can be performed in the laboratory using two analyses.
Hence, coal can be analysed in the form of proximate and ultimate analyses. The
experiment conducted used the typical proximate analysis of the moisture, ash, volatile
matter, and fixed carbon contents of coal samples after heated and weighed.
Proximate analysis has been used to determine the rank of coals by separating
proximate analysis helps in giving a vague idea about the quality of coal used in different
OBJECTIVE
moisture
ash
volatile matter
fixed carbon
MATERIAL/APPARATUS
Electric muffle furnace (up to 100C), with temperature and draft control
Mettler balance
Spatula
PROCEDURES
a desiccant and weigh, put approximately one gram of coal sample using a
one hour. Open the oven, cover the capsule, cool the capsule over
cover and put directly into the furnace at 950C. After the more rapid
air and put the crucible back to the 950C zone. After heating for exactly 7
minutes remove the crucible from the furnace and without disturbing the
Trial Sample Moisture Content Ash Content Volatile Matter Fixed Carbon
grams grams % grams % grams % grams %
1 2.002 0.648 32.37 0.672 33.57 0.195 9.73 0.487 24.33
2 2.005 0.752 37.51 0.712 35.51 0.346 17.25
moisture and ash contents as well as volatiles in coal. Ash content of a coal is the residue
after the combustion of coal at specified condition s. This residue does not occur
originally in the coal but as a result of chemical changes that occur during the
combustion process.
The amounts of fixed carbon and volatile combustible matter directly contribute
to the heating value of coal. Fixed carbon acts as a main heat generator during burning.
High volatile matter content indicates easy ignition of fuel. The ash content is important
in the design of the furnace grate, combustion volume, pollution control equipment and
W 1W 2 29.45428.702
Moisture content , = 100 = 100 =37.51
initial g of coal 2.005
W b W a 25.85025.168
Ash content , = 100 = 100 =34.07
initial g of coal 2.002
W b W a 27.99027.449
Ash content , = 100 = 100 =26.98
initial g of coal 2.005
reproducible proximate analysis of coal. It can be concluded that coal sample passing
No. 60 mesh sieve non-sparking has close proximate analysis data compared to other
coal. This work using proximate analysis as performed with ASTM analyzer continues to
temperature.
REFERENCES
Kopp, O. C. (2016). Coal. Fossil Fuel. Retrieved on February 22, 2017 from URL:
https://www.britannica.com/science/coal-fossil-fuel
Cassel, B. and Menard, K. (2016). Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke using the STA
8000 Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer. Retrieved on February 23, 2017 from
URL: http://www.perkinelmer.com/CMSResources/Images/44-
142549APP_Proximate_Analysis_Coal_Coke.pdf