CpE 584

Digital Image Processing

Fourier Transform
(III)

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Outline

Fourier Transform Properties

Common Functions and Pairs
Examples

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Magnitude and Phase

Complex numbers can be thought of as

(real,imaginary) or (magnitude,phase).
Magnitude:

[
F = {R (F )} + {I (F )}
2 2
]
1
2

I (F )
Phase:
(F ) = tan 1

R (F )
CpE 584 Al-Omari
Intuition

Real part: How much of a cosine of that

frequency you need
Imaginary part: How much of a sine of that
frequency you need
Magnitude: Amplitude of combined cosine and
sine
Phase: Relative proportions of sine and cosine

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Odd and Even Functions

Odd Functions Even Functions

f(-t) = - f(t) f(-t) = f(t)
Anti-symmetric Symmetric
Sine Cosine
Transform is Transform is real*
imaginary*

* For real valued functions

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Sinusoids

Time Domain Frequency Domain

f(t) F(s)
cos(t) [(s+ ) + (s-)]
Sin (t) ()j [(s+ ) - (s-)]

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Constant Functions

Time Domain Frequency Domain

f(t) F(s)
1 (s)
a a (s)

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Delta Functions

Time Domain Frequency Domain

f(t) F(s)
(t) 1

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Square Pulse

Time Domain Frequency Domain

f(t) F(s)
1 if a 2 t a 2 sin (a s )
sinc (a s ) =
0 otherwise a s

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Triangle Pulse

Time Domain Frequency Domain

f(t) F(s)
1 t if a t a
sinc 2 (a s )
0 otherwise

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Comb Pulse

Time Domain Frequency Domain

f(t) F(s)

(t mod k ) (s mod 1 k )

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Gaussian

Time Domain Frequency Domain

f(t) F(s)

t 2 s 2
e e

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Differentiation

Time Domain Frequency Domain

f(t) F(s)
d
2 j s
d t

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Properties: Linearity

Adding two functions together adds their

Fourier Transforms together:
F( f + g ) = F( f ) + F(g )
Multiplying a function by a scalar constant
multiplies its Fourier Transform by the same
constant:
F(a f ) = a F( f )

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Properties: Translation

Translating a function leaves the magnitude

unchanged and adds a constant to the phase.
If

f 2 (t ) = f1 (t a )
F1 (s ) = F ( f1 )
F2 (s ) = F ( f 2 )

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Properties: Translation

Then,
F2 = F1
(F2 ) = (F1 ) 2 s a
Intuition: magnitude tells you how much,
phase tells you where.

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Properties: Scaling

Frequency and distance (period) are inversely

proportional.
If
f 2 (t ) = f1 (at )
F1 (s ) = F ( f1 )
F2 (s ) = F ( f 2 )

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Properties: Scaling

Then,

F2 (s ) = F1 s ( a)

CpE 584 Al-Omari

Properties: Rayleighs Theorem

Total energy (sum of squares) is the same in

either domain:

f (t ) dt = F (s )
2 2
ds

CpE 584 Al-Omari