Linear Algebra Tutorial Solutions

JANUARY 2016 SEMESTER
SUNWAY UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL
MAT1024 LINEAR ALGEBRA & APPLICATIONS

(TUTORIAL 1) (Chapters 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 &1.4)
Question 1
Consider the system of linear equations. Determine whether the system has no solution; exactly one
solution; or infinitely many solutions
(i) x y 2
2 x 3 y 1
3x 2 y 5
(ii) x y 2
2x 2 y 4
3x 2 y 5
(iii) x 2y 3
2x 4 y 6
3x 6 y 9
Question 2
Determine whether the following matrix is in row-echelon form, reduced row-echelon form or
neither
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 1 2 0
0 1 2 0
(a) 0 1 0 (b) 0 1 0 (c)
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0

1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
(d) (e) (f)
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

MAT1024 Linear Algebra & Applications B Sc (Hons) in Actuarial Studies, Financial Analysis, Financial Economics
Question 3
Find the REF and RREF of the matrix
1 2 3 2

2 3 0 0
1 2 1 3

3 4
7 3
Question 4
Solve the system by Gaussian/Gauss-Jordan elimination
(a) x1 2 x2 3x3 3 (b) 2 x1 x2 2

2 x1 3x2 4 x3 3 x1 3x2 2 x3 3
4 x1 x2 3x3 10 3x1 4 x3 11
Question 5
Determine the values of k for which the following system have infinitely many solutions
x1 x2 4 x3 2
2 x1 3x2 12 x3 k 2
3x1 x2 4 x3 4k 2
Question 6
1 4 2 1
Verify Theorem 1.4.2 for the matrices A , B and k 3
2 3 3 4
Question 7
1 4 2 1
Verify Theorem 1.4.4 for the matrices A , B , k 3 and n 2
2 3 3 4
Question 8*
Let J n denote an n n matrix each of whose entries is 1. Show that if n 1 , then
(a) J n2 nJ n (b) ( I n J n ) 1 I n n11 J n

(TUTORIAL 2) (Chapters 1.5, 1.6 & 1.7)
Question 1
Which of the following matrices are elementary?
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 2 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 1

For each of those matrices which is elementary, write down its inverse.
Question 2
Write down the inverse of the following elementary matrices
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
(a) (b) (c)
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 a 0

k 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Question 3
1 2 3 1 2 0 0 4 3

Consider the matrices A 0 1 2 , B 0 1 2 , C 0 1 2
1 2 0 1 2 3 1 2 0

Find elementary matrices E1 , E 2 , E 3 , E 4 such that
(a) E1 A B (b) E2 A C (c) E3 B A (d) E4 C A
Question 4
1 2 3 1 2 3 0 2 0

Consider the matrices A 0 1 2 , B 1 1 1 , C 0 1 2
0 2 0 0 2 0 1 2 3

(a) E1 A B (b) E2 A C (c) E3 B A (d) E4 C A
Question 5
1 2 3 1 3 3

Consider the matrices A 1 4 1 , B 1 4 1
0 0 1 3
1 2
(a) E2 E1 A B (b) E4 E3 B A
Question 6
1 4 2 1 4 2

Consider the matrices A 1 3 2 , B 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1
2
(a) E2 E1 A B (b) E4 E3 B A
Question 7
1 1 1

Consider the matrix A 0 1 2 .
0 0 1

(a) Find elementary matrices E1 , E2 , and E 3 such that E3 E2 E1 A I 3 . Are these E1 , E2 , and E 3
unique?
(b) Write A as a product of three elementary matrices.
Question 8
Let A be a 4 4 matrix such that E3 E2 E1 A I 4 where
E1 is obtained from I 4 by performing the operation R1 R2
E 2 is obtained from I 4 by performing the operation R2 aR2
E 3 is obtained from I 4 by performing the operation R3 R3 bR1
Determine the matrix A
Question 9
Find the condition that b's must satisfy for the system to be consistent
2 x1 x2 3x3 b1
3x1 2 x2 3x3 b2
9 x1 5x2 6 x3 b3

(TUTORIAL 3) (Chapters 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 & 2.4)
Question 1
1 2 2

Let A 4 3 2 .
5 0 3

(a) Find det(A) by cofactor expansion along
(i) the first row (ii) the second column (iii) the third row (iv) the first column
(b) Find A 1
Question 2
cos sin 0

Show that the matrix A sin cos 0 is invertible for all values of . Hence find A 1 .
0 1
0
Question 3
2 4 2 8

2 3 0 7
Let B . Find (a) M 13 (b) M 32 (c) C13 (d) C33
0 1 5 1

1 1 0
0
Question 4
Use Cramer's rule to solve for x 2 in the system
x1 3x2 4
x1 2 x2 3x3 9
2 x1 5x2 5x3 17
Question 5
Use Cramer's rule to solve for x 2 in the system
4 x1 x2 x3 x4 6
3x1 7 x2 x3 x4 9
7 x1 3x2 5x3 8x4 5
x1 x2 x3 2 x4 3
Question 6 Evaluate the following determinant
2 4 2 8 2 5 3 2
2 1 3
2 3 0 7 2 3 2 5
(a) 1 4 4 (b) (c)
0 1 5 1 1 3 2 2
1 0 2
1 0 1 0 1 6 4 3
Question 7
ax b c
Evaluate the determinant 1 x 0 and write your answer as a polynomial in x.
0 1 x
Question 8
sin x 0 cos x
Show that the value of the determinant cos x sin x
0 does not depend on x.
sin x cos x sin x cos x 1
Question 9
Let A be a 5 5 matrix where det( A) 3 . Find
(a) det(6 A) (b) det( A 1 ) (c) det(4 A 1 ) (d) det((4 A) 1 )
Question 10
Suppose A and B are two n n matrices such that det( A) 2 and det(B) 3 . Find the following
(a) det(AB ) (b) det( A3 ) (c) det( A 1 B) (d) det(4 AT ) (e) det(BB T )
Question 11
Determine whether the following matrix is invertible
3 0 0 5 2 6 2 0 0

(a) 0 2 0 (b) 0 3 1 (c) 0 3 0
6 2 4 0 0 2 0 0 4

2 4 2 8 2 5 3 2
2 1 3
2 3 0 7 2 3 2 5
(d) 1 4 4 (e) (f)
1 0 2 0 1 5 1 1 3 2 2

1 1 0 1 6
0 4 3
Question 12
k k 3

Determine the value of k such that the matrix A 0 k 1 1 is invertible
k 8 k 1


Question 1
Find the orthogonal projection of u on a

~ ~
(a) u 6,2 and a 3,9

~ ~
(b) u 1,2 and a 2,3

~ ~
(c) u 3,1,7 and a 1,0,5

~ ~
(d) u 1,0,0 and a 4,3,8

~ ~
Question 2
Let u and v be two vectors in 2-space. Establish the identities

~ ~
2 2 2 2
(a) u v u v 2 u 2 v
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
2 2
1 1
(b) u .v u v u v
~ ~ 4 ~ ~ 4 ~ ~
Show that the above identities also hold for vectors in 3-space
Question 3
Let u 3,2,1 , v 0,2,3 , and w 2,6,7 . Compute

~ ~ ~
(a) v w (b) u (v w) (c) (u v) w (d) (u v) (v w) (e) u .(v w)

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Question 4
Let u 2,4,1,0 and v 0,1,3,4

~ ~
(a) Find the Euclidean norm u and 2 u v

~ ~ ~
(b) Find the Euclidean inner product u . v

~ ~
(c) Find the Euclidean distance between u and v

~ ~
Question 5
Let u 1,2,3,2 , v 2,4,3,1 and w 2,0,6,1

~ ~ ~
(a) Verify that u . v u v

~ ~ ~ ~
(b) Verify the triangle inequality u v u v

~ ~ ~ ~
(c) Show that d (u, v) d (u, w) d ( w, v)

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Question 6*
Use the Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality to show that for all real values of a, b and ,
(a cos b sin ) 2 a 2 b 2
Question 7
Find the standard matrix for the linear transformation defined by
T x1 , x2 , x3 x1 x2 , x1 x2 x3 , x1 x3
Question 8
Find the standard matrix for the linear transformation on R 2

(a) counter clockwise rotation of 60 0 (b) refection about the line y x
Question 9
Find the standard matrix for the linear transformation on R 3

(a) A rotation of 150 0 about the z-axis (b) A rotation of 90 0 about the y-axis
Question 10
Find the standard matrix for the composition of linear transformation on R 3
(a) An orthogonal projection on the xy-plane followed by a reflection about the xz-plane
(b) A rotation of 45 0 about the y-axis, followed by a rotation of 30 0 about the x-axis
(c) A reflection on the xz-plane followed by a rotation of 90 0 about the z-axis
(d) An orthogonal projection on the yz-plane, followed by a dilation with factor k 3
Question 11
Explain the geometric effect of the transformation with the following standard matrix
2 0 2 0 0 1 cos 2 sin 2 2 sin cos

(a) (b) (c) (d)
0 0 0 2 1 0 2 sin cos cos 2 sin 2
Question 12
Determine whether the linear operator T : R 3 R 3 defined by the equations
w1 2 x1 x2 3x3
w2 4 x2 x3
w3 x1 x2 x3
is one-to-one. If so, find the standard matrix for the inverse operator T 1

(TUTORIAL 5) (Chapters 4.2 & 4.3)
Question 1
Determine which of the following are subspaces of R 3 . Justify your answers.
(a) The set of all vectors of the form a,0, b
(b) The set of all vectors of the form a, b,1 a b
(c) The set of all points lying on the plane x y z 0
(d) The set of all solutions to x 2 y 2 z 2 0
Question 2
Determine which of the following are subspaces of M nn . Justify your answers.
(a) The set of all n n trace zero matrices
(b) The set of all n n strictly lower triangular matrices
(c) The set of all n n singular matrices
(d) The set of all n n symmetric matrices
(e) The set of all n n skew-symmetric matrices
Question 3
Determine which of the following are subspaces of P3 . Justify your answers.
(a) The set of all polynomials a0 a1 x a2 x 2 a3 x 3 for which a0 0
(b) The set of all polynomials a0 a1 x a2 x 2 a3 x 3 for which a0 a1 a2 a3 0
(c) The set of all polynomials a0 a1 x a2 x 2 a3 x 3 for which a0 , a1 , a2 , a3 are integers
Question 4
(a) Determine whether 0,9,2 is a linear combination of 1,3,2 and 2,3,1
(b) Express the vector 4,3,11 as a linear combination of 2,1,3 and 1,3,1
Question 5
In each part, determine whether the given vectors S {v , v , v } spans R 3

~1 ~ 2 ~ 3
(a) v 1,6,4 , v 2,4,1 , and v 1,2,5

~1 ~2 ~3
(b) v 2,1,3 , v 4,1,2 , and v 8,1,8

~1 ~2 ~3
Question 6
(a) Determine whether the set S { 1,2,3 , 4,5,6 , 7,8,9 } is linearly independent or
dependent
(b) For which real numbers k does the set S { k ,1,1 , 1,0,1 , 1,1,3k } form a linearly
dependent set in R 3 ?
(c) Show that the polynomials 3 x , 2 x x 2 , and 4 3x x 2 form a linearly dependent set in
P2
(d) *Determine whether the set S { 1,1,1,2 , 1,3,0,1 , 2,4,2,1 } is linearly independent
or dependent
Question 7
Determine whether the set S { p , p , p } is linearly independent where p 2 x x 2 ,

~1 ~ 2 ~3 ~1
p 1 x x , and p 1 x
2
~ 2 ~3

Question 1
Determine whether the set of vectors are basis for R 3
(a) v 3,1,4 , v 2,3,5 , v 4,3,1

~1 ~2 ~3
(b) v 1,6,4 , v 2,4,1 , v 1,2,5

~1 ~2 ~3
(c) v 1,0,0 , v 2,2,0 , v 3,3,3

~1 ~2 ~3
(d) v 2,3,1 , v 4,1,1 , v 0,7,1

~1 ~2 ~3
Question 2
Determine whether the set of polynomials are basis for P2
(a) 1 3x 2 x 2 , 1 x 4 x 2 , 1 7 x
(b) 4 6x x 2 , 1 4x 2x 2 , 5 2x x 2
(c) 1 x x2 , x x2 , x 2
(d) 4 x 3x 2 , 6 5 x 2 x 2 , 8 4 x x 2
Question 3
Determine whether the set S { 2,1,1,1 , 0,1,1,1 , 0,0,1,1 , 2,2,1,2 } is a basis for R 4
Question 4
Show that the following set of matrices is a basis for M 22
3 6 0 1 0 8 1 0
, , ,
3 6 1 0 12 4 1 2
Question 5
Find (a) dim ( P3 ) (b) dim ( M 34 )
Question 6
1 2 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 0

2 4 3 4 7 0 0 1 2 0

The reduced row-echelon of A 1 2 2 5 3 is B 0
0 0 0 1 .

3 6 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0 0
8 6 8 9
(a) Find a basis for the row-space of A.
(b) Find a basis for the column space of A.
(c) Find the rank and nullity of A.
Question 7*
Determine a basis for, and the dimension of, the solution space of the homogeneous system
2 x1 2 x2 x3 x5 0
x1 x2 2 x3 3x4 x5 0
x1 x2 2x3 x5 0
x3 x4 x5 0
Question 8*
Find a basis for the subspace of R 3 spanned by S { 2,1,1 , 4,2,2 , 0,1,0 }
Question 9
Find the rank and nullity of
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
0 1 2 0
(a) 2 1 4 (b)
4 1 1 5 4
3 2
2 2 10 8


(TUTORIAL 7) (Chapters 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 & 5.4)
Question 1
(a) Find u, v for the inner product defined by u, v u1v1 2u 2 v2 if u 1,2 and
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
v 5,2 .
~
1
(b) Find u, v for the inner product defined by u, v 2u1v1 u 2 v2 if u 1,3 and
~ ~ ~ ~ 2 ~
v 1,4 .
~
Question 2
Determine whether the set of vectors { 1,1,1,1 , 1,1,1,1 , 1,1,1,1 } is orthogonal,

orthonormal, or neither.
Question 3
3 4 4 3
Let S { , ,0 , , ,0 , 0,0,1 } be an orthonormal basis for R 3 . Express the vector
5 5 5 5
u 1,3,7 as a linear combination of the vectors in S, and find the coordinate vector (u) S .
~ ~
Question 4
2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2
Let S { , , , , , , , , } be an orthonormal basis for R 3 . Express the vector
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
u 3,4,5 as a linear combination of the vectors in S, and find the coordinate vector (u) S .
~ ~
Question 5
Consider R 3 with the Euclidean inner product. Use the Gram-Schmidt process to transform the basis
S into an orthonormal basis.
(a) S 1,1,0 , 1,3,2 , 0,0,3

(b) S 1,1,0 , 1,1,1 , 0,0,2
(c) S 1,1,1 , 0,1,1 , 1,2,3
Question 7
Find the QR-decomposition of the following matrices
2 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 2

(a) 0 1 3 (b) 1 1 1 (c) 0 4 1
1 1 1 1 1 3 1 0 1

Question 8
Find the QR-decomposition of the matrices whose column vectors are given in Question 5

Question 1
For each of the following matrix, find
(a) the characteristic equation

(b) the eigenvalues (and corresponding eigenvectors)
(c) bases for the eigenspaces
2 0 1 1 3 0 1 2 2
6 3 2 3
(i) (ii) (iii) 0 3 4 (iv) 3 1 0 (v) 2 5 2
2 1 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 2 6 6 3

1 0 0 0
0 3 5
0 1 5 10
(vi) 4 4 10 (vii)
0 1 0 2 0
0 4
1 0 0 3

Question 2
a b
Let A .
c d
(a) Show that the characteristic equation of A can be expressed as
2 tr( A) det( A) 0
(b) Show that the eigenvalues of A are

1
2

(a d ) (a d ) 2 4bc
(c) Let (a d ) 2 4bc . Prove that A has
(i) two distinct real eigenvalues if 0

(ii) two repeated real eigenvalues if 0
(iii) complex conjugate eigenvalues if 0
(d) *Suppose a b c d . Show that A has integer eigenvalues.

Question 3
The Cayley-Hamilton Theorem states that a matrix satisfies its characteristic equation. For example
1 1
the characteristic equation of the matrix A is 2 1 0 , and therefore, by the theorem,
1 0
A2 A I 2 0
Demonstrate the Cayley-Hamilton Theorem for the given matrix.
1 0 4 1 0 0
3 1
(a) (b) 0 3 1 (c) 1 3 2
1 0 2 0 1 0 1 0

Question 4
Verify that A is diagonalizable by computing P 1 AP
11 36 3 4 1 3 3 1
(a) A , P (b) A , P
3 10 1 1 1 5 1 1
1 1 0 0 1 3 2 0 2 1 0 2

(c) A 0 3 0 , P 0 4 0 (d) A 0 2 2 , P 1 1 2
4 2 5 1 2 2 3 0 3 1 0 3

Question 5
Determine whether the matrix A is diagonalizable. If so, find a matrix P that diagonalizes A and find
P 1 AP
2 0 1 1 2 2 0 3 5
6 3 2 3
(a) (b) (c) 0 3 4 (d) 2 5 2 (e) 4 4 10
2 1 1 4 0 0 1 6 6 3 0 4
0
Question 6
Find the indicated power of A
3 2 3
10 18
(a) A ; A (b) A 3 4
6
9 ; A8
6 11 1 2 5


Question 1
Find values of x1 and x 2 that maximizes the objective function

Z 3x1 2 x2
subject to the constraints
2 x1 3x2 6
2 x1 x2 0
x1 2
x2 1
and non-negativity constraints x1 0 , x2 0
Question 2
Find values of x1 and x 2 that minimizes the objective function

Z 3x1 5x2
subject to the constraints
2 x1 x2 2
4 x1 x2 0
x2 3
and non-negativity constraints x1 0 , x2 0
Question 3
A woman has up to RM10,000 to invest. Her broker suggests investing in two bonds, A and B. Bond
A is a rather risky bond with a projected annual yield of 10%, while bond B is a rather conservative
bond with an expected annual yield of only 7%. After much consideration, she decides to invest at
most RM6,000 in bond A, to invest at least RM2,000 in bond B, and to invest at least as much in
bond A and as in bond B.
(a) Formulate a linear programming problem, identifying the objective function and the
constraints.
(b) Determine how should she invest her RM10,000 in order to maximize her annual yield
Question 4
0.4 0.5 1
Consider the transition matrix P . Starting with the initial state vector x ,
(0)
0.6 0.5 ~
0
compute x for n 1,2,3,4,5 . State why P is a regular transition matrix and find its steady-state
(n)
~
vector.
Question 5
0.2 0.1 0.7 0

Consider the transition matrix P 0.6 0.4 0.2 . Starting with the initial state vector x 0 ,
(0)
0.2 0.5 0.1 1

~

compute to 3 decimal places, x for n 1,2,3,4,5 . State why P is a regular transition matrix and
(n)
~
find its steady-state vector.
Question 6
Determine whether the following transition matrix is regular. For those matrices which are regular,
find their steady-state vectors
13 1
0 0 12 12
0 0.25 0.5 0 2

(a) (b) (c) 13 0 14 (d) 12 12 0
1 0.75 0.5 1 1 1 3 1 0 1
3 2 4 2 2
Question 7
0 12 12

Find the steady-state vector of the transition matrix 12 12 0
1 0 1
2 2

Question 1
For the following input-output matrix, find nonnegative price vectors that satisfy the equilibrium
condition of the Leontief Closed Model
12 0 1
0.35 0.50 0.30
1 1
2

(a) 1
2 3

2
(b) 13 0 2
1
(c) 0.25 0.20 0.30
2 3 1 1 0 0.40 0.30 0.40
6
Question 2
Three neighbours have backyard vegetable gardens. Neighbour A grows tomatoes, Neighbour B
grows corn, and Neighbour C grows lettuce. They agree to divide their crops among themselves as
follows:
1 1 1
A gets of the tomatoes, of the corn, and of the lettuce
2 3 4
1 1 1
B gets of the tomatoes, of the corn, and of the lettuce
3 3 4
1 1 1
C gets of the tomatoes, of the corn, and of the lettuce
6 3 2
What prices should the neighbours assign to their respective crops if the equilibrium condition of a
closed economy is to be satisfied, and if the lowest priced crop is to have a price of RM100?
Question 3
Three actuarial consultants AC1, AC2, and AC3 each have an actuarial consulting firm. The
consulting they do is of a multidisciplinary nature, so they buy a portion of each others services.
For each RM1 of consulting AC1 does, he buys RM0.10 of AC2s services and RM0.30 of AC3s
services.
services.
services.
For a certain week, all three actuarial consultants receive outside consulting orders of RM50,000,
RM70,000, and RM60,000, respectively. What monetary value (in RM) of the amount of consulting
does each actuarial consultant perform in that week?
Question 4
1 2
Use the matrix to obtain the Hill 2-cipher for the plaintext
0 3
I LOVE LINEAR ALGEBRA
Question 5
Obtain the Hill cipher of the message DARK NIGHT for each of the following enciphering matrices
1 3 4 3
(a) (b)
2 1 1 2
Question 6
Determine whether the matrix is invertible modulo 26. If so find its inverse modulo 26 and check
your work by verifying that AA 1 A1 A I (mod 26)
9 1 3 1 8 11
(a) (b) (c)
7 2 5 3 1 9
Question 7
4 1
Decode the message SAKNOXAOJX given that it is a Hill cipher with enciphering matrix
3 2
Question 8
5 1
Decipher the following Hill 2-cipher, which was enciphered by the matrix A .
4 3
YBRSVPMR

(TUTORIAL 11) (Chapter 7.5)
Question 1
Draw a diagram depicting the numbers of female population in each age class and at each time for
the case where the maximum attained age is 100 years and the population is divided into 5 age
classes so that each class is 20 years in duration. Show that the Leslie matrix is given by
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5

b1 0 0 0 0
L 0 b2 0 0 0

0 0 b3 0 0
0 0
0 0 b4
Question 2
Suppose that a certain animal population is divided into two age classes and has a Leslie matrix
1 3
L 1 .
4 0
(a) Calculate the positive eigenvalue 1 of L and its corresponding eigenvectors x

~
100
, calculate x , x , x , x ,
( 0) (1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4)
(b) Beginning with the initial age distribution vector x
~
0 ~ ~ ~ ~
(5)
and x
~
Lx
(6) ( 6) ( 5)
(c) Calculate x using the exact formula x
~ ~ ~
( k 1)
1 x
(6) (k )
(d) Calculate x using the approximation x
~ ~ ~
Question 3
a1 a2 a3

The matrix L b1 0 0 has a unique positive eigenvalue 1 . Show that an eigenvector
0 0
b2
x1 1

corresponding to 1 is x x2 b11 .
x b1b2
~
3 12
Question 4
Suppose that the maximum age attained by the females in a certain animal population is 15 years and
we divide the population into three age classes with equal durations of five years. Let the Leslie
0 2 16

matrix for this population be L 12 0 0 .
0 3 0
4
(a) Calculate the positive eigenvalue 1 of L and its corresponding eigenvectors x

~
100

0 , calculate x , x , x , x ,
(0) (1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4)
(b) Beginning with the initial age distribution vector x
0
~ ~ ~ ~ ~

(5)
and x
~
Lx
(6) ( 6) ( 5)
(c) Calculate x using the exact formula x
~ ~ ~
( k 1)
1 x
(6) (k )
(d) Calculate x using the approximation x
~ ~ ~
Question 5
Determine the net reproduction rate of the female population whose Leslie matrix are given by
1 4 0 3 0 2
(a) L 1 (b) L 1 (c) L 1
3 0 3 0 3 0
0 3 2 0 3 2 0 2 2

(d) L 13 0 0 (e) L 14 0 0 (f) L 13 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
2 2 3
For those cases where there is zero population growth, determine the positive eigenvalue of the
Leslie matrix.

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JANUARY 2016 SEMESTER

SUNWAY UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL

MAT1024 LINEAR ALGEBRA & APPLICATIONS

SUNWAY UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL

Find the REF and RREF of the matrix

Solve the system by Gaussian/Gauss-Jordan elimination

(a) x1 2 x2 3x3 3 (b) 2 x1 x2 2

Let J n denote an n n matrix each of whose entries is 1. Show that if n 1 , then

(a) J n2 nJ n (b) ( I n J n ) 1 I n n11 J n

SUNWAY UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL

MAT1024 LINEAR ALGEBRA & APPLICATIONS

Which of the following matrices are elementary?

Write down the inverse of the following elementary matrices

Find elementary matrices E1 , E 2 , E 3 , E 4 such that

(a) E1 A B (b) E2 A C (c) E3 B A (d) E4 C A

SUNWAY UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL

Find elementary matrices E1 , E 2 , E 3 , E 4 such that

(a) E1 A B (b) E2 A C (c) E3 B A (d) E4 C A

Find elementary matrices E1 , E 2 , E 3 , E 4 such that

Find elementary matrices E1 , E 2 , E 3 , E 4 such that

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(b) Write A as a product of three elementary matrices.

Let A be a 4 4 matrix such that E3 E2 E1 A I 4 where

E1 is obtained from I 4 by performing the operation R1 R2

E 2 is obtained from I 4 by performing the operation R2 aR2

E 3 is obtained from I 4 by performing the operation R3 R3 bR1

Determine the matrix A

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MAT1024 LINEAR ALGEBRA & APPLICATIONS

(a) Find det(A) by cofactor expansion along

Use Cramer's rule to solve for x 2 in the system

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Use Cramer's rule to solve for x 2 in the system

Question 6 Evaluate the following determinant

Let A be a 5 5 matrix where det( A) 3 . Find

(a) det(6 A) (b) det( A 1 ) (c) det(4 A 1 ) (d) det((4 A) 1 )

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Determine whether the following matrix is invertible

SUNWAY UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL

MAT1024 LINEAR ALGEBRA & APPLICATIONS

Find the orthogonal projection of u on a

(a) u 6,2 and a 3,9

(b) u 1,2 and a 2,3

(c) u 3,1,7 and a 1,0,5

(d) u 1,0,0 and a 4,3,8

Let u and v be two vectors in 2-space. Establish the identities

Let u 3,2,1 , v 0,2,3 , and w 2,6,7 . Compute

(a) v w (b) u (v w) (c) (u v) w (d) (u v) (v w) (e) u .(v w)

Let u 2,4,1,0 and v 0,1,3,4

(a) Find the Euclidean norm u and 2 u v

(b) Find the Euclidean inner product u . v

(c) Find the Euclidean distance between u and v

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Let u 1,2,3,2 , v 2,4,3,1 and w 2,0,6,1

(a) Verify that u . v u v

(b) Verify the triangle inequality u v u v

(c) Show that d (u, v) d (u, w) d ( w, v)

Find the standard matrix for the linear transformation defined by

Find the standard matrix for the linear transformation on R 2

Find the standard matrix for the linear transformation on R 3

Find the standard matrix for the composition of linear transformation on R 3

(c) A reflection on the xz-plane followed by a rotation of 90 0 about the z-axis

(d) An orthogonal projection on the yz-plane, followed by a dilation with factor k 3