Anemia When your blood lack enough healthy red blood cells
Fatigue because organs arent getting enough oxygen
Anemia cause by blood loss (ulcers, hemorrhoids, NSAIDs, pregnancy, menses) Anemia caused by faulty Red blood cell production (Sickle cell anemia, Iron deficient anemia) Anemia caused by destruction of RBC)
Anemia, Signs and Symptoms Less energy
Fatigue, Pallor Dyspnea, Tachycardia Stomatitis TEST RESULT: Normal Hgb 12-18 (from CBC com- plete Blood Count) Hgb = 9 Anemic
Leukemias Group of cancerous disorders involving WBCs
One or more leukocyte types are unfuncitonal and multiply uncontrollably in the bone marrow Suppresses the normal cells in marrow, resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
Leukemias, Signs and Symptoms Multiple infections
Severe hemorrhage Anemic signs Bone pain severe and steady Weight loss and fatigue Fever Lymph node, spleen and/or liver enlargement CNS symptoms
Lymphatic system includes Spleen
Thymus gland Lymph nodes Ecchymosis Skin discoloration caused form ruptured blood vessel and blood escaping into skin tissue
Hematoma Collection of blood outside the blood vessels (i.e.
internal bleeding) Hema= blood, oma = abnormal
Immune System gone wrong 1. Hyperactive (allergies)
Common allergy symptoms Inflammatory: swelling, redness, itching or mild pain
Lungs: mucus and broncoconstriction Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) mucus in nose Atopic dermatitis or eczema Asthma
Anaphylaxis Severe life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity
reaction Vessels dialate (expand) BP decreases Airway constricts from edema (swelling) Systemic Lupus Erthematosus (SLE) Known as Lupus (hyperactive immune system) Inflammation of skin joints, nervous sytem, kid- neys, lungs, etc. Butterfly or malar rash May be worse with sun exposure May present with fever, fatigue, joint pian, mal- aise, quickly or slowly Usually women 30-40s
Rheumatoid Arthritis Chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease that deforms
and disables the joints Women 3xs more than men S/S: Redness and swelling, joints Weight loss, fatigue, fever, malaise, with joint stiffness Common in fingers, wrists, knees, ankles (less hips) Treat: antiinflammatories, cortisteroids
Pituitary Gland Found at base of the brain (size of pea)
Linked functionally to Hypothalamus Part of Endocrine system Helps control: Growth, Blood Pressure Breast milk production, Sex organ function Thyroid gland function, Water regulation in body
(overgrowth of bones face hands feet) Hypo GH (Dwarfism) Diabetes Insipidus (excessive thirst, diluted urine)
Lymphedema Painless Gross Swelling if Extremity Abnormal collection of lymph usually in extremi- ties Painless swelling Just mechanical, not red, no pain
Lymphangitis Inflammation of lymph vessels
Red streak to regional lymph node Node is swollen and tender Treat: antibiotics, drain
Lymphomas Cancers of lymph system
Two main types Hodgkin disease or Lymphoma (Large painless cervical node, enlarged spleen,.. ) Remissions common Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (Large painless node) incurable, more serious
Thrombosis Clotting Formation of clot inside blood vessel
Hemophilia A hereditary bleeding disorder from deficiency of
specific clotting factors Signs and Symptoms (male child) Unexplained prolonged bleeding Noticeable hematomas Easy bruising Excessive nosebleeds Thyroid Gland Located in neck Hormones Thyroxine (4 atoms iodine) 90% Binds inside most cells Increases rate of ATP production, increases cellular rates of metabolism and O2 consumption
Simple Goiter Any enlargement of the thyroid gland
Swollen mass on neck, dyspnea, fainting Results from shortage of iodine in diet TSH keeps stimulating thyroid gland so tissues enlarge
Hashimoto Disease (Chronic Thyroiditis) Women 8x > Men
Gradual and painless enlargement of thyroid and symptoms of hypothyroidism Trmt: replacement of Thyroid hormone Autoimmune
Chronic hypersecretion by adrenal, resulting in exces- sive circulating cortisol Signs/Sx: Fatigue, muscle weakness Fat depositis in scapular area and trunk Salt and water retention (Hypertension & Edema) Moon facies, Poor wound healing Trmt: Surgery, radiation
Addisons Disease Adrenal Gland Disease
Partial or complete failure or adrenal gland Signs/Sx: Fatigue, weakness, anorexia, weight loss GI disturbances, bronze skin color, cardiovascular difficulties Depression, anxiety Dehydration Trmt: replace hormones
Pineal Gland Day and Night Rhythms
Melatonin synthesis
Pancreas Produces Glucagon and Insulin
Involved in Blood glucose regulation Diabetes Mellitus Type1: Inadequate production of insulin by pan- creas (IDDM) Type 2: faulty utilization of insulin by cells
Diabetes Mellitus Early onset < 30 y/o (Type 1)
Type 2: Onset older Sx (f both): polyuria (lotsa pee), polyphagia (eating too much), polydipsia (thirst), weight loss, fatigue Diagnosis: glucose level in blood
Normal Hgb Range Normal Hemoglobin 12-18
Low Hgb < 10 Anemic
When immune system reacts appropriately to Immunocompetence
an antigen and homeostasis in maintained, is termed:
The group of disease that occur when antibod- Autoimmune diseases
ies develop and begin to destroy the bodys Examples: Goodpastures Disease, Addisons own cells are: disease, Lupus, RA Trmt: Immunosuppressant medication Disease that begins with inflammation and Rheumatoid Arthritis edema of synovial membranes surrounding the joints
Hyperparathyroidism Over-production of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Causes: Breakdown of bone Excessive calcium in blood (hypercalcemia) Weakness, atrophy of muscles GI pain, Nausea/vomiting Kidney Stones, Cardiac arrhythmias
'BERTANE - THE LAND OF KING ARTHUR'_ Chapter 11 of the book 'How the Grails Sites Were Found - Wolfram von Eschenbach as a Historian' by Werner Greub _ Willehalm Institute For Anthroposophy as Grail Research and Social Organics