CLL 778 PROCESS OPTIMISATION

Term Project
on GAM Programming on

Distribution of Materials in Road Earthmoving and Paving:

Mathematical Programming Approach

Submitted to :
Prof. MUNAWAR SHIEK

Submitted by :

MANOJ KUMAR (2016CEPYYYY)

RANADEEP BASU (2016CEZ8439)
ANKIT ANAND UPADHYAY (2016CEZYYY)
BALARKO BANERJEE (2015CEP2089)
Introduction

The major cost in relation to construction depends mainly on earth moving and
movement of pavement materials. The lead and lift charges relating to the movement
of earth from borrow area and cut areas ; pavement materials from quarry or mixing
plant to site plays a pivotal role in determination of cost in road construction. To
optimize the cost we a group of four students under the guidance of Dr. Munawar
Shiek tried to develop a linear programme using GAMS software based on a paper
tittled Distribution of Materials in Road Earthmoving and Paving: Mathematical
Programming Approach"" by Roberto Xavier de Lima, Ernesto Ferreira Nobre Jnior,
Bruno de Athayde Prata and Jos Weissmann, 2013. The model will be improved by
removing some of the assumptions made in the paper."

Project Basis

The project was based on a paper Distribution of Materials in Road Earthmoving

and Paving: Mathematical Programming Approach"" by Roberto Xavier de Lima,
Ernesto Ferreira Nobre Jnior, Bruno de Athayde Prata and Jos Weissmann, 2013,
published at Journel of Construction Engineering and management @ ASCE/ August
2013.
This project mainly deals with the application of GAMS software to the problem
provided in the aforesaid paper. This section of the report mainly consists of the
following sub sections namely:-
Back Ground Paper
Project Basis
Improvement/ Modifications made to the basic assumption
Methodology

Background Paper
The back ground paper selected for this project is Distribution of Materials in Road
Earthmoving and Paving: Mathematical Programming Approach"" by Roberto Xavier
de Lima, Ernesto Ferreira Nobre Jnior, Bruno de Athayde Prata and Jos
Weissmann, 2013, published at Journel of Construction Engineering and
management @ ASCE/ August 2013.
The paper tries to optimize the cost of moving earth and other materials from borrow
area/ mixing plant to site. The idea of the paper was to develop a mathematical
model using the geometric and geotechnical data of a road project to optimize the
allocation of materials involved in earthwork and paving. The principal technique
used in this paper was Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to optimize the
moving cost.

Project Details
The project was aimed to produce a MILP on GAMS software using the objective
function and constraints of the aforesaid paper. For that a programme was
developed using the data and functions of the paper. Some Data was extracted from
the paper and others were assumed based on the practical experience at different
sites . Further more some details in the constraints were made to study the effect of
such changes in the cost and the objective function.

Improvement
The improvements that was made are described as follows:-
Methodology
The methodology that was adapted was the standard methods required to develop a
GAMS programme :-

Set Defination
Parameter Defination
Array Defination
Variable definition
Constraint Equation
Objective function Equation
Specification of Solver methodology
Display of the required Result values

To implement the GAMS programme some assumptions in the data was also made
and this assumption was made based on the following procedure:-

At first a site of 20 kms was selected which includes 12 cut sections and 27
embankment sections. After that six borrow pits were identified in the proximity from
where the soil will be transported to the site. 3 site for the mixing plant of the paving
materials were also selected. Soil from cut sections will also be used for the
embankment.

The data assumed are tabulated below:-

 i1

4.
i2 i3
0

i7
k2 k4

10. 5.
2.0 7.0
0 0
4.
3.5
0

1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 13 17 19 20
1 2 4 5 6 8

2.0
5. 6.
4.0
0 0
k1

15.
0
10.
i4 k3 k5
0

i5 i6

The above figure gives us a pictorial view of the entire project area .The borrow area
in the above picture are denoted by j1,j2,j3,j4,j and i1,i2,i3,i4,i5 are plants. The
distances are depicted at the side.

Borrow Pits Disposal Area

(km)Sg. Len.

Vol (m3)
Km

k1

k2

k3

k4

k5
ID

i1

i2

i3

i4

i5

i6

i7

0. 10 3.7 9.2 14. 17. 23.7

2i2

Cut s1 0.5
i2

i3

i4

i5

i6
1

5
0. 0
15 5
3.2 5
8.7 75
14. 75
17. 5
23.2
Cut s2 1.0
5 0 5 5 25 25 5
 0. 20 2.7 8.2 13. 16. 22.7
Cut s3 1.5
5 0 5 5 75 75 5
0. 25 2.2 7.7 13. 16. 22.2
Cut s4 2.0
5 0 5 5 25 25 5
0. 20 2.2 7.2 12. 15. 21.7
Cut s5 2.5
5 0 5 5 75 75 5
0. 15 2.7 6.7 12. 15. 21.2
Cut s6 3.0
5 0 5 5 25 25 5
0. 10 3.2 6.2 11. 14. 20.7
Cut s7 3.5
5 0 5 5 75 75 5
0. 3.7 5.7 11. 14. 20.2
Cut s8 4.0 50
5 5 5 25 25 5
Em 0. 10 10. 20.7 14. 8.2 15. 25. 6.2
ca1 4.5
b 5 0 25 5 75 5 25 75 5
Em 0. 15 10. 20.2 14. 8.7 15. 25. 6.7
ca2 5.0
b 5 0 75 5 25 5 75 25 5
Em 0. 20 11. 19.7 13. 9.2 16. 24. 7.2
ca3 5.5
b 5 0 25 5 75 5 25 75 5
Em 0. 20 11. 19.2 13. 9.7 16. 24. 7.7
ca4 6.0
b 5 0 75 5 25 5 75 25 5
Em 0. 20 12. 18.7 12. 10. 17. 23. 8.2
ca5 6.5
b 5 0 25 5 75 25 25 75 5
Em 0. 20 12. 18.2 12. 10. 17. 23. 8.7
ca6 7.0
b 5 0 75 5 25 75 75 25 5
Em 0. 20 13. 17.7 11. 11. 18. 22. 9.2
ca7 7.5
b 5 0 25 5 75 25 25 75 5
Em ca1 ca1 ca1 0. 20 13. 17.2 11. 11. 18. 22. 9.7
ca8 8.0
b 9 8 7 5 0 75 5 25 75 75 25 5
Em 0. 20 14. 16.7 11. 12. 19. 21. 10.
ca9 8.5
b 5 0 25 5 25 25 25 75 25
Em ca1 0. 20 14. 16.2 11. 12. 19. 21. 10.
9.0
b 0 5 0 75 5 75 75 75 25 75
Em ca1 0. 20 15. 15.7 12. 13. 20. 20. 11.
9.5
b 1 5 0 25 5 25 25 25 75 25
Em ca1 10. 0. 20 15. 15.2 12. 13. 20. 20. 11.
b 2 0 5 0 75 5 75 75 75 25 75
Em ca1 10. 0. 20 16. 14.7 13. 14. 21. 19. 12.
b 3 5 5 0 25 5 25 25 25 75 25
Em ca1 11. 0. 15 16. 14.2 13. 14. 21. 19. 12.
b 4 0 5 0 75 5 75 75 75 25 75
Em ca1 11. 0. 10 17. 13.7 14. 15. 22. 18. 13.
b 5 5 5 0 25 5 25 25 25 75 25
Em ca1 12. 0. 17. 13.2 14. 15. 22. 18. 13.
50
b 6 0 5 75 5 75 75 75 25 75
13. 1. 30 12. 10. 7.5 5.5 11.5
Cut s9
0 0 0 50 00 0 0 0
14. 1. 60 13. 11. 8.5 4.5 10.5
Cut s10
0 0 0 50 00 0 0 0
15. 1. 60 14. 12. 9.5 4.5
Cut s11 9.50
0 0 0 50 00 0 0
16. 1. 30 15. 13. 10. 5.5
Cut s12 8.50
0 0 0 50 00 50 0
Em ca1 16. 0. 12 22. 19. 20. 27. 13. 18.
8.75
b 7 5 5 5 25 25 25 25 75 25
Em ca1 17. 0. 17 22. 19. 20. 27. 13. 18.
8.25
b 8 0 5 5 75 75 75 75 25 75
Em ca1 17. 0. 22 23. 20. 21. 28. 12. 19.
7.75
b 9 5 5 5 25 25 25 25 75 25
Em ca2 18. 0. 27 23. 20. 21. 28. 12. 19.
7.25
b 0 0 5 5 75 75 75 75 25 75
Em ca2 18. 0. 22 24. 21. 22. 29. 11. 20.
6.75
b 1 5 5 5 25 25 25 25 75 25
Em ca2 19. 0. 17 24. 21. 22. 29. 11. 20.
6.25
b 2 0 5 5 75 75 75 75 25 75
Em ca2 19. 0. 12 25. 22. 23. 30. 10. 21.
5.75
b 3 5 5 5 25 25 25 25 75 25
Em ca2 20. 0. 25. 22. 23. 30. 10. 21.
75 5.25
b 4 0 5 75 75 75 75 25 75
The methodology for Gams programme is depicted as below:-

caf

XS (s , ca)
ca=i