Design rigid pavement rural roads

APPENDIX-A DESIGN OF A RIGID PAVEMENT FOR RURAL ROAD AND
NATIONAL HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT
1
i
APPENDIX-A
[
DESIGN OF A RIGID PAVEMENT i
RURAL ROAD i
AND
i
j
NATIONAL HIGHWAY !
i
DEVELOPMENT
236
APPEND! X-A DESIGN OF A RIGID PAVEMENT FOR RURAL ROAD AND
DESIGN OF A CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT FOR RURAL ROAD

(IRC: SP: 20-2002 / IRC: SP: 62-2004)
A cement concrete pavement is to be designed for a Rural Road in Gujarat State

having a traffic volume of upto 500 vehicles per day consisting vehicles, like, agricultural
tractors/trailers, light goods vehicles, heavy trucks, buses, animal drawn vehicles,
motorized two-wheels and cycles. The soil has a soaked CBR value of 2%, 4% and 6% for
30kN wheel load.
Table AA-1
Design of CC Pavement for Rural Roads
Design Parameters: Sample D1 (6% CBR-30kN Wheel Load)
Traffic Volume (A) - UP TO 500 cvpd (Assume)
Concrete Grade (fc) = 25 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Cube Strength = 40.33 N/mm2 at 28 Days Actual
Compressive Strength
Flexural Strength ( ff) = 5.00 N/mm2 [50.00 kg/cm2]
90 days Flexural strength = 6.10 N/mm2 [61.00 kg/cm2] .
Soaked CBR Value (%) = 0.06(6%)

Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k) = 45 (N/mm2/mm)*10'3
Effective K Value (20% more) = 54 (N/mm2/mm)* 10"3
Elastic modulus of Concrete (Ec) (As per Actual

= 28,417 N/mm2
Calculation)
Poissons ratio (p) = 0.15
Coefficient of thermal coefficient of concrete (a) = 0.00001/C
Design Wheel Load (P) = 30 kN
Tyre pressure (q) = 0.5 N/mm2 [5 kg/cm2]
Spacing of Contraction Joints (L) = 3.75m [3750 mm]

Width of Slab (W) = 3.75m [3750 mm]
Radius of load contact (assumed circular), (a) =13.82 cm
Trial Thickness for Slab, h = 150mm.
237
[ '
Check for Temperature Stresses: j
Assuming a contraction joint spacing of 3.75 m and 3.75m width
1. Temperature Stress (ote): !
The temperature differential (At) for Gujarat for a slab thickness of 150mm is 12.5C.
The Radius of Relative Stiffness, 1 = *1 h.

AJ 12 (1- n
Hence, 1 = 623.79mm. !
L/l = 3750 / 623.79= 6.0 j

i
W/l = 3750 / 623.79= 6.0 I
j
Both values are same, if not then adopt greater one.
Bradburys Coefficient, C = 0.942 (from figure 1, pg. 9)

[Value of C can be ascertained directly from Bradburys chart against values of L/l and
W/l] j
Temperature Stress in edge region, ote = Ea^At- c

Hence, ote = 1.63 N/mmI2. |
|
2. Edge Load Stress (ole):
From Page: 12, Edge Load Stress,

Radius of equivalent distribution of pressure (bj,
b = a(if(a/h>= 1.724);
(b) = Vl.6 a2 + h2 - 0.675 h if (a/h < 1.724),
For slab thickness of 150mm; Edge Load Stress, ole, is 3.39 N/mm2 (3.39 MPa).
j
Total Stress = Edge Load Stress + Temperature j Stress = 3.39 + 1.63 = 5.02 N/mm2, which
I n
is less than the allowable flexural strength of 6.10 N/mm .
Hence, assumed thickness of slab = 150mm, is OK. [As per Temperature Stress Criteria]
I
1
238
Check for Corner Stresses (alc):
From Fig. 5 (Page 12), Comer Load Stress for wheel load of 30kN,
for k = 54.0 (N/mm2/mm)*10'3 = 0.054 N/mm2/mm = 0.054 N/mm2/mm (Approx.) and
slab thickness of 150mm is 3.20 N/mm2 (3.20 MPa).
[Temperature Stress in the corner region is negligible, as the comers are relatively free to
warp, hence it can be ignored.]
Hence, <rlc = 3.20 N/mm2, which is less than the allowable flexural strength of 6.10
N/mm2.
So, the slab thickness of 150mm is Safe.
The calculations presented above are sample calculations. Similar calculations are done
using various values of flexural strengths of concrete.
239
DESIGN OF A CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT FOR RURAL ROAD

(IRC: SP: 20-2002 / IRC: SP: 62-2004)
A cement concrete pavement is to be designed for a Rural Road in Gujarat State

having a traffic volume of upto 500 vehicles per day consisting vehicles, like, agricultural
tractors/trailers, light goods vehicles, heavy trucks, buses, animal drawn vehicles,
motorized two-wheels and cycles. The soil has a soaked CBR value of 2%, 4% and 6% for
5 lkN wheel load.
Table AB-1
Design of CC Pavement for Rural Roads
Design Parameters: Sample D1 (6% CBR-51kN Wheel Load)
Traffic Volume (A) = UP TO 500 cvpd (Assume)
Concrete Grade (fc) = 25 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Cube Strength j = 40.33 N/mm2 at 28 Days Actual
Compressive Strength
Flexural Strength (ff) = 5.00 N/mm2 [50.00 kg/cm2]
90 days Flexural strength = 6.10 N/mm2 [61.00 kg/cm2]
Soaked CBR Value (%) = 0.06 (6%)

Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k) = 45 (N/mm2/mm)*10'J
Effective K Value (20% more) = 54 (N/mm2/mm)* 10a
Elastic modulus of Concrete (Ec) (As per Actual

= 28,417 N/mm2
Calculation)
Coefficient of thermal coefficient of concrete (a) = 0.00001/C
Design Wheel Load (P) = 51 kN
Tyre pressure (q) = 0.7 N/mm2 [7 kg/cm2]
Spacing of Contraction Joints (L) = 3.75m [3750 mm]

Width of Slab (W) = 3.75m [3750 mm]
Radius of load contact (assumed circular), (a) ; =15.23 cm
Trial Thickness for Slab, h = 150mm.
240
Check for Temperature Stresses:
Assuming a contraction joint spacing of 3.75 m and 3.75m width
3. Temperature Stress (ote): i

| - '
The temperature differential (At) for Gujarat jfor a slab thickness of 150mm is 12.5C.
The Radius of Relative Stiffness, 1= 4

i 12 (l-)iz) k
Hence, 1 = 623.79mm. ;
L/l = 3750 / 623.79= 6.0 |
W/l = 3750 / 623.79= 6.0 !
Both values are same, if not then adopt greater one.

|
Bradburys Coefficient, C = 0.920 (from figure |1, pg. 9)

[Value of C can be ascertained directly from Bradburys chart against values of L/l and
W/l] |
Temperature Stress in edge region, ate = C
Hence, ote= 1.63 N/ram2.

j
4. Edge Load Stress (ole):
From Page: 12, Edge Load Stress, |
Radius of equivalent distribution of pressure (b),
b = a(if(a/h>= 1.724); j
(b) = Vl.6 a2 + h2 - 0.675 h if (a/h < 1.724), J
|
For slab thickness of 150mm; Edge Load Stress, ole, is 3.39 N/mm2 (3.39 MPa).
I
j
Total Stress = Edge Load Stress + Temperature)Stress = 3.39 + 1.63 = 5.02 N/mm2, which
is less than the allowable flexural strength of 6.10 N/mm .
Hence, assumed thickness of slab = 150mm. [As per Temperature Stress Criteria]
241
Check for Corner Stresses (olc):
From Fig. 5 (Page 12), Comer Load Stress for wheel load of 30kN,
for k = 54.0 (N/mm2/mm)*10'3 = 0.054 N/mm2/mm = 0.054 N/mm2/mm (Approx.) and
slab thickness of 190mm is 3.20 N/mm2 (3.20 MPa).
[Temperature Stress in the comer region is negligible, as the comers are relatively free to
warp, hence it can be ignored.] j
Hence, oIc = 3.20 N/mm2, which is less than the allowable flexural strength of 6.10
N/mm2.
i
So, the slab thickness of 150mm is Safe.
The calculations presented above are sample calculations. Similar calculations are done
using various values of flexural strengths of concrete.
242
DESIGN OF A NATIONAL HIGHWAY ROAD PAVEMENT (IRC: 58-2002)

A cement concrete pavement is to be designed for a two- lane two-way National Highway
in Gujarat State. The total two-way traffic is 3000 commercial vehicles per day (evpd) at
the end of the construction period. Design parameters are provided in Table AC-1 and the
traffic axle load spectrum is given Table AC-2.
TABLE AC-1
Design of CC Pavement for Two- Lane Two-Way National Highway
Design parameters: Sample G5 (6% CBR-100DLC-3000CVPD)
Present Traffic =3000 cvpd

Design life =20 yrs.
Compressive Strength (fck) = 56.63 N/mm2 = 566.3 kg/cm2
Flexural strength of cement concrete = 8.15 N/mm2 = 81.50 kg/cm2
(Modulus of rupture)
CBR = 6%
Dry Lean Concrete (DLC) =100 mm
Effective modulus of subgrade reaction of the DLC = 18.7 kg/cm3
sub-base (k)
Elastic modulus of concrete (E) = 40417 N/mm2

Coefficient of thermal coefficient of concrete (a) = 10 x 106/C
Tyre pressure (q) = 8 kg/cm2
Rate of traffic increase (r) = 0.075

Spacing of contraction joints (L) = 4.5m
Width of slab (b) = 3.5m
Load safety factor (LSF) = 1.2
Wheel load (P) = 8000 kg
C/C distance between two tyres (S) = 31 cm
Joint width (z) = 2.0 cm
243
The axle load spectrum obtained from axle load survey is given in the following:
Table AC-2
Axle Load Spectrum Obtained From Axle Load Survey
Single Axle Loads Tandem Axle Loads

Axle load class, Percentage of axle Axle load class, Percentage of axle
tons loads tons loads
19-21 0.6 34-38 0.3
17-19 1.5 30-34 0.3
15-17 4.8 26-30 0.6
13-15 10.8 22-26 1.8
11-13 22.0 18-22 1.5
9-11 23.3 14-18 0.5
Less than 9 30.0 Less than 14 2.0
Total 93.0 Total 7.0
365 X { (1 + r)2 1}
Cumulative repetition in 20 yrs. = r
= 47,418,626 commercial vehicles
Design traffic = 25 per cent of the total repetitions of commercial vehicles = 11,854,657
Front axles of the commercial vehicles carry much lower loads and cause small flexural
stress in the concrete pavements and they need not be considered in the pavement design.
Only the rear axles, both single and tandem, should be considered for the design. In the
example, the total number of real axles is, therefore, 11,854,657. Assuming that the
midpoint of the axle load class represents the group, the total repetitions of the single axle
and tandem axle loads are as follows:
244
Table AC-3
Total Repetitions of the Single Axle and Tandem Axle Loads
Single Axle Tandem Axle

Load in tonnes Expected Load in tonnes Expected
repetitions repetitions
20 71127 36 35564
18 177820 i 32 35564
16 569023 : 28 71128
14 1280303 24 213384
12 2608024 1 20 177820
10 27622135 16 59273
Less than 10 3556397 Less than 16 237093
Trial Thickness = 19 cm
Table AC-4
Cumulative Fatigue Life
Axle load AL x Stress, Stress Expected Fatigue Fatigue life
(AL), 1.2 kg/cm2 ratio Repetitions, n life, N consumed
tonnes from charts
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Ratio
(5)/(6)
Single axle
20 24.0 44.80 0.55 71128 12.38 x 104 0.57
18 21.6 41.00 0.50 177820 64.30 x 104 0.28
16 19.2 37.40 0.46 569024 15.48 x 106 0.04
14 16.8 35.63 0.44 1280303 47.22 x 10* 0.00
Tandem axle
36 43.2 31.68 0.39 35564 Infinity 0.00
Cumulative fatigue life consumed 0.89
The cumulative fatigue life consumed being less than 1; the design is safe from fatigue
considerations.

Eat
Edge warping stress (Ste) = 2
Radius of relative stiffness (/) = 59.62 cm
245
(see below under comer stress)
Therefore, L// = 450 / 59.62 = 7.5
Bradburys Coefficient, which can be ascertained directly from Bradburys chart against
values of U l and B/1, (C) = 1.054 from fig.2. (IRC: 58-2002)
The temperature differential was taken as 12.98C for the Gujarat region.
Eat

...... ^ i ry
Edge warping stress = 2 =27.65 kg/cm
Total of temperature warping stress and the highest axle load stress = 44.835 + 27.65 =
72.48 kg/cm2 which is less than 81.50 kg/cm2, the flexural strength. So the pavement
thickness of 19 cm is safe under the combined action of wheel load and temperature.
Check for Corner Stresses:

Comer stress is not critical in a dowelled pavement. The comer stress can be calculated
value from the following formula: '
Comer stress Sc = -j |l (^) j
The 98 percentile axle load is 16 tonnes. The wheel load, therefore, is 8 tonnes.
Eh3
Radius of relative stiffness (/) = 4 59.62 cm
12(1 -ii2)k
a = radius of area of contact of wheel.

i
Considering a single axle dual wheel,
a=(-)1/2
V pn /
i
a = 0.8521 x -h -(l)0'5 a = 26.52 cm

qXn n\ 0.5227 xq )
Comer stress S0= ^ |l (~j~) j =28.38 kg/cm2

The comer stress is less than the flexural strength of the concrete, i.e., 81.50 kg/cm2 and
the pavement thickness of 19 cm assumed is safe.
246
Design of Dowel Bars
Table AC-5
Design Parameters for Dowel Bars
Diameter of the dowel bar (b) = 3.2 cm (assumed)
Modulus of Dowel/Concrete interaction (Dowel support) (K) = 41500 kg/cm2/cm

Modulus of the elasticity of the Dowel, kg/cm2 = 2.0 X 106 kg/cm2
Dowel/Concrete interaction (E)

Moment of Inertia of Dowel (I) = 5.147 cm4
Design wheel load (P) = 98 percentile axle load is 16 tonne. The wheel load, therefore, is
8000 kg (dual wheel load)
Percentage of load transfer = 40 %
Permissible bearing stress in concrete is calculated as under:
_ (l0.16-6)/cfc
Fb:
fCk = characteristic compressive strength of concrete cube (15 cm) after 28 days curing
concrete
= 566.30kg/cm2
(10.162.5) 566.30
Fb; : 455.42 kg/cm~
9.525
Assumed spacing between the dowel bars = 19 cm
First dowel bar is placed at a distance = 15 cm from the pavement edge
Assumed length of the dowel bar = 50 cm
Dowel bars upto a distance of 1.0 x radius of relative stiffness, from the point of load
application are effective in load transfer.
Number of dowel bars participating in load transfer when wheel load is just over the dowel
bar close to the edge of the slab =1+1/ spacing = 1+ 59.62 / 19 = 4 dowels.
247
APPENBIX-A DESIGN OF A RIGID PAVEMENT FOR RURAL ROAD AND
abiL-i.i-'.TTwm~~nmmrMrifffMiMw
Assuming that the load transferred by the first dowel is Pt and assuming that the load on
dowel bar at a distance of 1 from the first dowel to be zero, the total transferred by dowel
bar system
= (1+^ + ^+L^)Pt= 2.09Pt
Load carried by the outer dowel bar, P, = 'MS* 1J m
=1532.55 kg
Check for Bearing Stress:
7Tb*
Moment of Inertia of Dowel, I =
64
T_ 7TX2.54 _ , n___ 4
1------ 64
---------1.92 cm
4 /~Kb~
Relative stiffness of dowel bar embedded in concrete (P) =
y 4 El
Where;
41500 X 2.5
P 0.29
-y4X2X 10s X 1.92
Bearing stress in dowel bar = (Pt X k) X (2+Pz) / (4p3EI)
= 452.50 kg/cm2 which is less than 455.42 kg/cm2
Hence, the dowel bar spacing and diameter assumed are safe.
Design of Tie Bars:
Table AC-6
Design Parameters for Tie Bars
Slab thickness (h) = 19 cm

Lane width (b) = 3.5 m
Coefficient of friction (f) = 1.5
Density of concrete (W) = 2400 kg/m'3
Allowable tensile stress in plain bars (S), (As per IRC: 21-2000) = 1250 kg/m2
248
Allowable tensile stress in deformed bars (S), (As per IRC; 21-2000) = 2000 kg/m2
Allowable bond stress in plain tie bars (B) = 17.5 kg/m2
Allowable bond stress in deformed tie bars (B) = 24.6 kg/m2
Diameter of tie bar (d) = 12 mm
1. Spacing and length of the plain bar

Area of steel bar per metre width ofjoint to resist the frictional force at slab bottom
As = ~ = 1.92 cm2
Assuming a diameter of tie bar of 12 mm, the cross sectional area

7t d2
Cross sectional area of tie bar (A) = -
4
A=1.13 sq.cm.
Perimeter of tie bar (P) = n d = jc x 1.2 = 3.77 cm
Spacing of tie bars = A / As =59.02 cm
Provide at a spacing of 59 cm c/c
Length of tie bar (L) =
Cross sectional area of tie bar (A) = 1.13 sq.cm.

Perimeter of Tie Bar (P) = 3.77 cm
Length of tie bar (L) = = 42.86 cm

BXP
Increase length by 10 cm for loss of bond due to painting and another 5 cm for tolerance in
placement. Therefore, the length is
42.86 + 10 + 5 = 57.86 cm, Say 58 cm
2. Spacing and length of the deformed bar

. bfW . 2
As = = 1.20 cm
Cross sectional area of tie bar (A) =
A=1.13 sq.cm.
Perimeter of Tie Bar (P) = rc d = tc x 1.2 = 3.77 cm
249
Length of tie bar (L) = j
Cross sectional area of tie bar (A) =1.13 sq.cml

Length of tie bar (L) = = 48.78 cm

BXP
placement. Therefore, the length is 48.78 + 10 + 5 = 63.78 cm, Say 64 cm
250
DESIGN OF A NATIONAL HIGHWAY ROAD PAVEMENT (IRC: 58-2002)

A cement concrete pavement is designed for a two- lane two-way National Highway in
Gujarat State. The total two-way traffic is 3000 commercial vehicles per day (cvpd) at the
end of the construction period. Design parameters are provided in Table AD-1 and traffic
axle load spectrum is given Table AD-2.
Table AD-1
Design of CC Pavement for Two- Lane Two-Way National Highway
Design parameters: Sample G5 (6% CBR-150DLC-3000CVPD)
Present Traffic =3000 cvpd

Design life =20 yrs.
Compressive Strength (fck) = 56.63N/mm2 = 566.3 kg/cm2
Flexural strength of cement concrete = 8.15 N/mm2 = 81.5 kg/cm2

(Modulus of rupture)
CBR = 6%
Dry Lean Concrete (DLC) =150 mm
Effective modulus of subgrade reaction of the DLC = 24.25 kg/cm3
sub-base (k)
Elastic modulus of concrete (E) = 40417 kg/cm2

Coefficient of thermal coefficient of concrete (a) = 10 x 10'b/'C
Tyre pressure (q) = 8 kg/cm2
Rate of traffic increase (r) = 0.075

Spacing of contraction joints (L) = 4.5m
Width of slab (b) = 3.5m
Load safety factor (LSF) = 1.2
Wheel load (P) = 8000 kg
C/C distance between two tyres (S) = 31 cm
Joint width (z) ! = 2.0 cm
251
The axle load spectrum obtained from axle load survey is given in the following:
Table AD-2
Axle Load Spectrum Obtained From Axle Load Survey
Single Axle Loads Tandem Axle Loads

Axle load class, Percentage of axle Axle load class, Percentage of axle
tons loads tons loads
19-21 0.6 34-38 0.3
17-19 1.5 30-34 0.3
15-17 4.8 26-30 .0.6
13-15 10.8 22-26 1.8
11-13 22.0 18-22 1.5
9-11 23.3 14-18 0.5
Less than 9 30.0 Less than 14 2.0
Total 93.0 Total 7.0
365 Xi4 { (1 + r)2 1}

Cumulative repetition in 20 yrs. = r
= 47,418,626 commercial vehicles
Design traffic = 25 per cent of the total repetitions of commercial vehicles = 11,854,657
Front axles of the commercial vehicles carry much lower loads and cause small flexural
stress in the concrete pavements and they need not he considered in the pavement design.
Only the rear axles, both single and tandem, should be considered for the design. In the
example, the total number of real axles is, therefore, 11,854,657. Assuming that mid-point
of the axle load class represents the group, the total repetitions of the single axle and
tandem axle loads are as follows:
252
'_______________________ NATIONAL HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT
Table AD-3
Total Repetitions of the Single Axle and Tandem Axle Loads
Single Axle Tandem Axle

Load in tonnes Expected Load in tonnes Expected
repetitions repetitions
20 71127 36 35564
18 177820 32 35564
16 569023 28 71128
14 1280303 24 213384
12 2608024 . 20 177820
10 27622135 16 59273
Less than 10 3556397 Less than 16 237093
Trial Thickness = 19 cm
Table AD-4
Cumulative Fatigue Life
Axle load AL x Stress, Stress Expected Fatigue Fatigue life
(AL), 1.2 kg/cm2 ratio Repetitions, n life, N consumed
tonnes from charts
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Ratio
(5)/(6)
Single axle
20 24.0 42.30 0.52 71128 35.00 x 10b 0.21
18 21.6 39.00 0.48 177820 26.43 x 10s 0.07
16 19.2 35.50 0.44 569024 22.68 x 10y 0.00
14 16.8 33.80 0.41 1280303 Infinity 0.00
Tandem axle
36 43.2 30.24 0.37 ; 35564 Infinity 0.00
Cumulative fatigue liiFe consumed 0.28
253
ifcl iiihiliaMaWiMWHWI
The cumulative fatigue life consumed being less than 1; the design is safe from fatigue
considerations.

Eat
Edge warping stress (Ste) = 2 L
Radius of relative stiffness (/) = 55.87 cm
(see below under comer stress)
Therefore, U l = 450 / 55.87 = 8.1
Bradburys Coefficient, which can be ascertained directly from Bradburys chart against
values of L/1 and B/1, (C) = 1.077 from fig.2. (IRC: 58-2002)
The temperature differential was taken as 12.98C for the Gujarat region.
Eat _
Edge warping stress = 2 = 28.25 kg/cm
Total of temperature warping stress and the highest axle load stress = 42.33 + 28.25 =
70.59 kg/cm2 which is less than 81.50 kg/cm2, the flexural strength. So the pavement
thickness of 19 cm is safe under the combined action of wheel load and temperature.
Check for Corner Stresses:

Comer stress is not critical in a dowelled pavement. The comer stress can be calculated
value from the following formula:
Comer stress Sc = |l 1 (^r) ]
The 98 percentile axle load is 16 tonnes. The wheel load, therefore, is 8 tonnes.
I pf.3
Radius of relative stiffness (l) = 4 I= 55.87 cm
a = radius of area of contact of wheel.
Considering a single axle dual wheel,
254
S/ P
a = 0.8521 x I
qxn n V 0.5227 xq
a = 26.52 cm '
Comer stress Sc= ^ j = 25.29 kg/cm2

The comer stress is less than the flexural strength of the concrete, i.e., 81.50 kg/cm2 and
the pavement thickness of 19 cm assumed is safe.
Design of Dowel Bars
Table AD-5
Design Parameters for Dowel Bars
Diameter of the dowel bar (b) = 3.2 cm (assumed)
Modulus of Dowel/Concrete interaction (Dowel support) (K) = 41500 kg/cm2/cm

Modulus of the elasticity of the Dowel, kg/cm2 = 2.0 x 106 kg/cm2
Dowel/Concrete interaction (E)

i
Moment of Inertia of Dowel (I) = 5.147 cm4
Design wheel load (P) = 98 percentile axle load is 16 tonne. The wheel load, therefore, is
8000 kg (dual wheel load)
Percentage of load transfer = 40 %

i
Permissible bearing stress in concrete is calculated as under:
i
(10.16-b)fck
b 9.525 i
f0k = characteristic compressive strength of concrete cube (15 cm) after 28 days curing
concrete j
I
= 566.3 kg/cm2
Fb = (10'16~g225) 56-6~ = 413.80kg/cm2 |
Assumed spacing between the dowel bars = 23.5 cm
First dowel bar is placed at a distance = 15 cm from the pavement edge
255
Assumed length of the dowel bar = 50 cm
Dowel bars upto a distance of 1.0 x radius of relative stiffness, from the point of load
application are effective in load transfer.
Number of dowel bars participating in load transfer when wheel load is just over the dowel
bar close to the edge of the slab =1+1/spacing = 1+ 55.87 / 23.5 = 3 dowels.
I
Assuming that the load transferred by the first dowel is Pt and assuming that the load on
dowel bar at a distance of 1 from the first dowel to be zero, the total transferred by dowel
bar system [
= (1+^ + i=r+L7^)Pt = 1.48Pt ;
T , . ., x , .. Design load (P)x Percentage of load transfer

Load earned by the outer dowel bar, Pt =------- ;-------------------- ;-----------------
= (8000x0.4)/1.48 =2167.39 kg j
Check for Bearing Stress:
Ttb^
Moment of Inertia of Dowel, I =
T JT X 3.2* c-i.n 4
I =-------- = 5.147 cm
64
Relative stiffness of dowel bar embedded in concrete (P):
Where:
41500 X 3.2
P= 4 X 2 X 10s X 5.147
= 0.24
I
Bearing stress in dowel bar = (Pt x k) x (2+pz)'/ (4p3EI)
= 399.80 kg/cm2 which is less than 413.80 kg/cm2
Hence, the dowel bar spacing and diameter assumed are safe.
256
Design of Tie Bars:
Table AD-6
Design Parameters for Tie Bars
Slab thickness (h) i

= 19 cm
Lane width (b) = 3.5 m
Coefficient of friction (f) = 1.5
Density of concrete (W) ; = 2400 kg/mJ
Allowable tensile stress in plain bars (S), (As per IRC: 21-2000) = 1250 kg/m2
Allowable tensile stress in deformed bars (S), (As per IRC: 21-2000) = 2000 kg/m2
Allowable bond stress in plain tie bars (B) = 17.5 kg/m2
Allowable bond stress in deformed tie bars (B) = 24.6 kg/m2
Diameter of tie bar (d) = 12 mm
1. Spacing and length of the plain bar

As = -y = 1.92 cm

n dz i
A=1.13 sq.cm.
Perimeter of tie bar (P) = n d = rc x 1.2 = 3.77 cm
Length of tie bar (L) = ~~~~

Jti r a
j
Cross sectional area of tie bar (A) = 1.13 sq.cm.
Perimeter of Tie Bar (P) = 3.77 cm j
Length of tie bar (L) = J3 b
= 42.86 cm i
257
2. Spacing and length of the deformed bar

. bfW . ... 2
As = -^- = 1.20 cm i
A=1.13 sq.cm.
Perimeter of Tie Bar (P) = it d = n x 1.2 = 3.77 cm
Length of tie bar (L) = 2*^p-
Cross sectional area of tie bar (A) =1.13 sq.cm.

Length of tie bar (L) = ^^^ = 48.78 cm
BXP
258

Design rigid pavement rural roads

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Design rigid pavement rural roads

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APPENDIX-A DESIGN OF A RIGID PAVEMENT FOR RURAL ROAD AND

NATIONAL HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT

DESIGN OF A RIGID PAVEMENT i

DESIGN OF A CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT FOR RURAL ROAD

A cement concrete pavement is to be designed for a Rural Road in Gujarat State

90 days Flexural strength = 6.10 N/mm2 [61.00 kg/cm2] .

Soaked CBR Value (%) = 0.06(6%)

Effective K Value (20% more) = 54 (N/mm2/mm)* 10"3

Elastic modulus of Concrete (Ec) (As per Actual

Spacing of Contraction Joints (L) = 3.75m [3750 mm]

Trial Thickness for Slab, h = 150mm.

Check for Temperature Stresses: j

Assuming a contraction joint spacing of 3.75 m and 3.75m width

1. Temperature Stress (ote): !

The Radius of Relative Stiffness, 1 = *1 h.

L/l = 3750 / 623.79= 6.0 j

Both values are same, if not then adopt greater one.

Bradburys Coefficient, C = 0.942 (from figure 1, pg. 9)

Temperature Stress in edge region, ote = Ea^At- c

From Page: 12, Edge Load Stress,

Check for Corner Stresses (alc):

So, the slab thickness of 150mm is Safe.

DESIGN OF A CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT FOR RURAL ROAD

A cement concrete pavement is to be designed for a Rural Road in Gujarat State

Characteristic Compressive Cube Strength j = 40.33 N/mm2 at 28 Days Actual

90 days Flexural strength = 6.10 N/mm2 [61.00 kg/cm2]

Soaked CBR Value (%) = 0.06 (6%)

Effective K Value (20% more) = 54 (N/mm2/mm)* 10a

Elastic modulus of Concrete (Ec) (As per Actual

Spacing of Contraction Joints (L) = 3.75m [3750 mm]

Trial Thickness for Slab, h = 150mm.

Check for Temperature Stresses:

Assuming a contraction joint spacing of 3.75 m and 3.75m width

3. Temperature Stress (ote): i

The Radius of Relative Stiffness, 1= 4

W/l = 3750 / 623.79= 6.0 !

Both values are same, if not then adopt greater one.

Bradburys Coefficient, C = 0.920 (from figure |1, pg. 9)

Temperature Stress in edge region, ate = C

Hence, ote= 1.63 N/ram2.

4. Edge Load Stress (ole):

From Page: 12, Edge Load Stress, |

Radius of equivalent distribution of pressure (b),

is less than the allowable flexural strength of 6.10 N/mm .

Check for Corner Stresses (olc):

DESIGN OF A NATIONAL HIGHWAY ROAD PAVEMENT (IRC: 58-2002)

Present Traffic =3000 cvpd

Poissons ratio (p) = 0.15

Tyre pressure (q) = 8 kg/cm2

Rate of traffic increase (r) = 0.075

Single Axle Loads Tandem Axle Loads

= 47,418,626 commercial vehicles

Single Axle Tandem Axle

Check for Temperature Stresses:

Radius of relative stiffness (/) = 59.62 cm

(see below under comer stress)

Therefore, L// = 450 / 59.62 = 7.5

Edge warping stress = 2 =27.65 kg/cm

Check for Corner Stresses:

Comer stress Sc = -j |l (^) j

a = radius of area of contact of wheel.

a = 0.8521 x -h -(l)0'5 a = 26.52 cm