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Heat, Temperature & Calorimetry

Part 1: Heat & Temperature

Heat deals with energy flow. Temperature is a ratio of energy per molecule. The two are
very different. For instance, a Fourth-of-July sparkler emits sparks with temperatures
hovering around 2000 0C, but the actual amount of heat received when a spark lands on
ones hand or face is very small. High temperature means a high ratio of energy per
molecule.

Heat is measured in units of energy, most commonly the joule. Heat is also commonly
measured in calories or Calories.

Temperature is measured in degrees. Temperature is most commonly measured in

degrees Celsius.

Introduction:
You have already been introduced to the formal definitions of heat and temperature. The
purpose of this exercise is to explore these concepts as they relate to some physical
applications.

Part 1:

You place identical pots on the stove and heat them equally. Pot A contains 1.00 g of water;

A B

pot B contains 100g of water. Both pots start out at 20C.

1. If you wanted to heat both pots of water until they boiled, which pot would boil first?
Why?

2. When both pots are boiling what is the temperature in A? B?

3. Compare the amount of heat contained by the water in each pot. Are they the same or
different? If they are different explain why and indicate which one you may think has
more (or less).
4. Based upon these questions, indicate one factor involved in determining the heat
content of a substance.

Part 2:

Now assume you have the identical pots of water on the stove but this time they both have
exactly 1.00 gal of water. You heat one pot from 20C to 50C and one pot from 20C to
90C.

A B
1. Which sample of water has the greater heat content? Why?

2. Use you answer to question 1 to indicate another factor in determining the heat content
of a substance.

Part 3: Calorimetry

Calorimetry involves the measurement of heat flow from one object (often the system) to
another (often the surroundings). We will assume that a calorimeter is a closed system
where all the energy released/absorbed by an object is absorbed/released by the water in
the calorimeter. If the mass of the water is known, the temperature change of the water can
be used to determine the amount of heat energy released/absorbed. The simplest
calorimeters consist of an insulated container, lid, stirring device, and thermometer or
temperature probe. A sample is shown in figure 1 below:

Heat lostobject = Heat gainedwater

Equation for the calculation of heat is: q =

mCT
q = heat released in Joules
m = mass of water in the calorimeter in grams
C = specific heat capacity (not 0C which is a temperature)
T = [final temperature initial temperature] (absolute value)

Specific Heat- A measure of the efficiency with which a substance can store this heat
energy is known as specific heat capacity, or simply the specific heat. The greater the
material's specific heat, the more energy must be added to change its temperature.

1. What information does the specific heat capacity provide?

Critical Thinking Exercises, Part 4:

Answer Exercises 1-5 based upon the passage that follows.

A calorimeter was used to measure the heat released by when dissolving of a sample of
sodium hydroxide. The calorimeter contained 100.00 g of water at an initial temperature of
10.0C. When the reaction was finished the temperature of the water increased to 75.0C.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g 0C

1. Write the mass of water (m) indicated in the passage.

2. Write the change in temperature (T) indicated in the passage.

3. Write the correct mathematical set-up for the calculation of heat (q)? (Substitute the
appropriate values for m, C and T in the equation.)

4. What is the heat quantity released by the chemical change? (Include correct unit label)

5. If a substance with a larger specific heat capacity than water were used in the
experiment, identify whether T would be larger or smaller. (If needed plug in a larger
number to the equation) Explain.
(OVER)
Conclusions

Write a summary in clear, complete sentences that addresses the following questions:

How do heat and temperature differ?

What relationship exists between heat and temperature?
What does the specific heat capacity of a substance tell you?
If the same heat quantity is transferred to two samples of water, one which contains
three times as much mass, how will the temperature changes of the two samples
differ?