Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
User Guide
2001 Landmark Graphics Corporation
Landmark, Landmark logo, 3DVIEW, ARIES, Automate, BLITZ, BLITZPAK, CasingSeat, COMPASS, Contouring Assistant,
Decision Suite, Decisionarium, DecisionDesktop, DepthTeam, DepthTeam Explorer, DepthTeam Express, DepthTeam Extreme,
DepthTeam Interpreter, DESKTOP-PVT, DESKTOP-VIP, DEX, DFW, DIMS, Discovery, Drillability Suite, DrillModel, DSS,
EarthCube, EdgeCa$h, FastTrack, FZAP!, GeoDataLoad, GeoGraphix, GeoLink, GES, GESXplorer, GRIDGENR, I2 Enterprise,
iDims, LeaseMap, LogEdit, LogPrep, MathPack, OpenBooks, OpenExplorer, OpenJournal, OpenSGM, OpenVision, OpenWorks,
PAL, Parallel-VIP, PetroWorks, PlotView, Point Gridding Plus, Pointing Dispatcher, PostStack, PostStack ESP, PRIZM, PROFILE,
ProMAX, ProMAX 2D, ProMAX 3D, ProMAX 3DPSDM, ProMAX MVA, ProMAX VSP, RAVE, Reservoir Framework Builder,
RESev, ResMap, RMS, SafeStart, SeisCube, SeisMap, SeisModel, SeisVision, SeisWell, SeisWorks, SeisXchange, SigmaView,
StrataMap, Stratamodel, StratAmp, StrataSim, StratWorks, StressCheck, SynTool, SystemStart, SystemStart for Clients,
SystemStart for Servers, SystemStart for Storage, T2B, TDQ, TERAS, TOW/cs, TOW/cs The Oilfield Workstation, Trend Form
Gridding, VIP, VIP-COMP, VIP-CORE, VIP-DUAL, VIP-ENCORE, VIP-EXECUTIVE, VIP-Local Grid Refinement, VIP-
POLYMER, VIP-THERM, Wellbase, Wellbore Planner, WELLCAT, WELLPLAN, WellXchange, ZAP! and Z-MAP Plus are
trademarks or registered trademarks of Landmark Graphics Corporation.
Table of Contents
Preface
About This Manual
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Mouse Buttons (Interactive Graphics)
xvi
Mouse Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Keyboard Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Cursor Movement Control Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
F2 Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
F5 Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
For More Information... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Program Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2 Hardware/Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Chapter 2
Getting Started
2.1 Starting DESKTOP-PVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.2 Main Screen Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.2.1 Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.3 Data Entry Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.4 Pop-Up Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.4.1 File Box Popup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.4.2 Text Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.4.3 Single Item Selection Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Chapter 3
Input Data File
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
3.2 Last Run - Recall Data From Backup File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
3.3 Open - Load Batch File Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
3.4 New - Initialize Data To Default Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
3.5 Save - Save Data Into Batch Data File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
3.6 Load Database - Load Data From Database File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
3.7 Save Database - Save Data To Database File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
3.8 Exit - Terminate DESKTOP-PVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Chapter 4
Setup Simulation Environment
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
4.2 System Info - Add Descriptive Text For Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
4.3 EOS - Equation-of-State Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
4.4 Binary Coeff - Binary Interaction Coefficients Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
4.5 Test Type - Laboratory Tests Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
4.6 Regression - Automatic Parameter Adjustment Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27
4.7 Pseudoization - Pseudoization Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27
4.8 Thermal - Thermal Application Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
4.9 Water-In-Oil - Water in Oil Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
4.10 Heavy - Heavy Fraction Characterization Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
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Chapter 5
Equation-of-State Properties
5.1 Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
5.1.1 System - Select Component From System Default Table . . . . . . . 5-31
5.1.2 User - Make User-Defined Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
5.1.3 Volatile - Define Volatile Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
5.1.4 Composition - Global Reference Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
5.1.5 Load EOS - Load Component From File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
5.1.6 Append EOS - Append Component From File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
5.2 Fluid Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
5.2.1 Property - EOS Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Temperature & Pressure Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Property Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Volume Shift Parameters (D & E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
5.2.2 Binary Coeff - Binary Interaction Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
5.2.3 Gas Enthalpy - Ideal Gas State Enthalpy Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . 5-39
5.2.4 LBC Visc - Lohrenz-Bray-Clark Viscosity Correlation . . . . . . . . . 5-41
5.2.5 Pedersen Visc - Pedersen Viscosity Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42
5.2.6 K-Value Correl - Component K-Value Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-44
5.2.7 CO2TAB Correl-Correlation of CO2 Saturated Water Properties 5-44
Chapter 6
Heavy/Pseudo/Regres
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-49
6.2 Heavy - Heavy Fraction Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-50
6.2.1 Parameter - Input For Heavy Fraction Characterization . . . . . . . 6-50
6.2.2 Calculate - Activate Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-56
6.2.3 Graphics - Graphic Results of Extended Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-57
6.2.4 Review - Tabular Results of Pseudo-Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-57
6.2.5 Save EOS - Save EOS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-57
6.2.6 Append EOS - Add Heavy Fraction Components to System . . . . 6-57
6.2.7 Replace EOS - Load Heavy Fraction Components to System . . . 6-57
6.3 Pseudo - Pseudoization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-58
6.3.1 Pseudo Name - Assign Pseudo-Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-58
6.3.2 Parameter - Input for Pseudoization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-59
6.3.3 Calculate - Activate Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-60
6.3.4 Review - Tabular Results of Pseudoization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-60
6.3.5 Save EOS - Save EOS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-60
6.3.6 Replace EOS - Load Pseudo Components To System . . . . . . . . . . 6-61
6.3.7 Append EOS - Add Pseudo Components To System . . . . . . . . . . 6-61
6.4 Regres - Automatic Parameter Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-62
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Chapter 7
Input Data for Laboratory Procedures
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-73
7.2 Common Input Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-74
7.2.1 Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-74
7.2.2 Laboratory Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-75
7.2.3 Temperature Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-75
7.2.4 Pressure Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-76
7.2.5 Density Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-76
7.2.6 Gas-Oil Ratio Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-76
7.2.7 Enthalpy Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-77
7.2.8 Saturation Pressure Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-77
7.2.9 Weight Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-77
7.3 Input Data for Laboratory Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-78
7.3.1 Z-Factor: Gas Compressibility Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-79
7.3.2 Density: Liquid Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-81
7.3.3 Vapor Pressure: Pure Component Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-83
7.3.4 Sat Pressure: Mixture Dew/Bubblepoint Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-85
7.3.5 Viscosity: Liquid/Vapor Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-87
7.3.6 Cnst Composition: Constant Composition Expansion . . . . . . . . . 7-88
7.3.7 Cnst Volume: Constant Volume Depletion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-92
7.3.8 Swelling: Swelling Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-97
7.3.9 Differential: Differential Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-99
7.3.10 Multi-Contact: Multiple Contact Vaporization . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-102
7.3.11 Phas Envlop/Psat: Dew/Bubblepoint Phase Envelope . . . . . . 7-104
7.3.12 Gas Enthalpy: Gas Enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-107
7.3.13 Liquid Enthalpy: Liquid Enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-109
7.3.14 Water Property: Liquid Water Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-111
7.3.15 Sat Pressure/H2O: Bubblepoint Pressure of Mixture
With Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-112
7.3.16 Distillation: Distillation Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-114
Distillation Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-116
Molecular Weight Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-117
Residue API Gravity Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-118
Distillate Property Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-119
Blend API Gravity Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-122
Viscosity Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-123
7.3.17 Steam Distillatn: Steam Distillation Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-127
7.3.18 Separator/No Reg: Multistage Separators Without Regression 7-130
7.3.19 Separator/Reg: Laboratory Separator Test With Regression . . 7-132
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Chapter 8
Calculation of Laboratory Procedures
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-155
8.2 Activate Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-156
8.3 Selection of Calculation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-156
8.4 Control Parameters for Saturation Pressure Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-157
8.5 Control Parameters for Flash Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-158
8.6 Control Parameters for Expansion Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-159
8.7 Debug Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-160
Chapter 9
Report - Calculation Results
9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-161
9.2 Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-162
9.2.1 Selecting Test Procedure for Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-162
9.2.2 Interactive Graphic Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-165
ZOOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-166
VALUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-168
L_TYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-168
COLOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-168
TEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-169
PRINTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-171
REDRAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-171
HIGHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-171
9.3 GraTitle - Running Title for Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-172
9.4 SavGraph - Save Graphic Report to File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-172
9.5 GetGraph - Get Graphic Report from File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-173
9.6 Table - Review Tabular Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-173
9.7 PrtTable - Print Tabular Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-173
9.8 SavTable - Save Tabular Report to File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-173
9.9 GetTable - Get Tabular Report from File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-174
9.10 SaveEOS - Save PVT (EOS) Properties to File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-174
Chapter 10
Tutorial
10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-177
10.2 Heavy Ends Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-177
10.3 Default Fluid Predictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-179
10.4 Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-183
10.5 Component Pseudoization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-185
10.6 Regression After Pseudoization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-188
10.7 Regression on Viscosity Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-190
Appendix A
References
Subject Index
List of Figures
Preface
About This Manual
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter 2
Getting Started
Figure 2-1: An Example of Rectangular Push Buttons for
Multiple Item Selection Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Figure 2-2: An Example of Square Toggle Buttons for Multiple
Item Selection Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Chapter 3
Input Data File
Chapter 4
Setup Simulation Environment
Figure 4-1: EOS Item Selection Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
Figure 4-2: Test Type Selection Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
Figure 4-3: Composition Sor List Entry Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
Figure 4-4: Run Sequence Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
Chapter 5
Equation-of-State Properties
Figure 5-1: System-Defined Component Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Figure 5-2: User Defined Fluid Component Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Figure 5-3: Volatile Component Selection Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Figure 5-4: Global Reference Composition Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Figure 5-5: Equation-of-State Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
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Chapter 6
Heavy/Pseudo/Regres
Figure 6-1: Parameter Options Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-51
Figure 6-2: Pseudoization Parameter Options Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-59
Figure 6-3: Regression Variable Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-63
Figure 6-4: EOS Regression Variable Definition Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-63
Figure 6-5: Binary Coeff Regression Variable Definition Table . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-64
Figure 6-6: Composition Regression Variable Definition Table . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-64
Figure 6-7: k-Coefficient of Lohrenz-Bray-Clark Viscosity Correlation . . . . . 6-65
Figure 6-8: k-Coefficient of Pedersen Viscosity Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-65
Figure 6-9: Tc-Binary Interaction Coefficient of Pederson
Viscosity Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-66
Figure 6-10: Component Coefficients of K-Value Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-66
Figure 6-11: Correlation Coefficients of Carbon Dioxide Saturated
Water Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-67
Figure 6-12: Correlation Coefficients of Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in
Pure Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-67
Figure 6-13: Assigning Regression Variables to s0 and s1 Coefficients . . . . . . 6-68
Figure 6-14: Assigning Regression Variable to Coefficient d1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-68
Figure 6-15: Regression Limits Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-69
x Landmark - R2003.0
DESKTOP-PVT USERS GUIDE
Chapter 7
Input Data for Laboratory Procedures
Figure 7-1: Gas Z-Factor Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-79
Figure 7-2: Data Entry Table for Gas Z-Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-80
Figure 7-3: Liquid Density Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-81
Figure 7-4: Data Entry Table for Liquid Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-82
Figure 7-5: Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-83
Figure 7-6: Data Entry Table for Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-84
Figure 7-7: Saturation Pressure Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-85
Figure 7-8: Data Entry Table for Saturation Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-86
Figure 7-9: Viscosity Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-87
Figure 7-10: Data Entry Table for Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-88
Figure 7-11: Constant Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-89
Figure 7-12: Data Entry Table for Constant Composition Expansion . . . . . . . 7-91
Figure 7-13: Constant Volume Depletion Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-92
Figure 7-14: Data Entry Table for Constant Volume Depletion . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-94
Figure 7-15: Black Oil Table Generation Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-95
Figure 7-16: Separator Definition for Black Oil Table Generation. . . . . . . . . . . 7-95
Figure 7-17: Saturation Pressures at which black oil data is generated. . . . . . 7-96
Figure 7-18: Pressure levels above the saturation pressure
at which black oil data is generated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-96
Figure 7-19: Swelling Test Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-97
Figure 7-20: Data Entry Table for Swelling Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-98
Figure 7-21: Differential Expansion Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-99
Figure 7-22: Data Entry Table for Differential Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-101
Figure 7-23: Multiple Contact Vaporization Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-102
Figure 7-24: Data Entry Table for Multiple Contact Vaporization . . . . . . . . . 7-104
Figure 7-25: Phase Envelope Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-105
Figure 7-26: Gas Enthalpy Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-107
Figure 7-27: Data Entry Table for Gas Enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-108
Figure 7-28: Liquid Enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-109
R2003.0 - Landmark xi
DESKTOP-PVT USERS GUIDE
Chapter 8
Calculation of Laboratory Procedures
Figure 8-1: Calculation Method Selection Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-156
Figure 8-2: Control Parameters for Saturation Pressure Calculation . . . . . . . 8-157
Figure 8-3: Control Parameters for Flash Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-158
Figure 8-4: Control Parameters for Expansion Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-159
Figure 8-5: Debug Option Selection Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-160
Chapter 9
Report - Calculation Results
Figure 9-1: Selecting Test for Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-162
Figure 9-2: Example Plot with Graphic Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-163
Figure 9-3: Example Plot with the Control Item Selected on the Graphic Menu Bar
9-165
Figure 9-4: Example Plot with Zoom Control Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-166
Figure 9-5: Example Plot with Text Edit Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-169
Chapter 10
Tutorial
Appendix A
References
Subject Index
Purpose
This manual describes the functions of DESKTOP-PVT, a program
designed to simulate the behavior of hydrocarbon fluid mixtures.
DESKTOP-PVTs purpose is to generate PVT properties or develop a
mathematical model which can be used in a compositional reservoir
simulator such as VIP-COMP to analyze oil and gas production
characteristics.
Audience
This manual is intended to assist new and experienced users of
DESKTOP-PVT in the generation of PVT properties where laboratory data
is limited, or the development of a mathematical model that agrees with
experimental data.
Organization
The information in this manual is arranged in a logical manner for
maximum ease-of-use. The following chapters are included:
R2003.0 - Landmark xv
DESKTOP-PVT USERS GUIDE
Conventions
This manual uses certain conventional methods to indicate the correct
mouse button and keyboard usage.
The buttons on the mouse are named MB1, MB2, MB3, etc. as shown in the
illustrations above. Button arrangement may be reversed for left-handed
mouses (e.g., MB1 on far right). Typical uses for each button are described
below.
MB3 Used to toggle on and off a help message for the high-
lighted item in the Graphics option. Also used to access
Option Flag windows.
MB4 Used to toggle on and off a help message for the high-
lighted item.
Mouse Operations
You can use the mouse by rolling it across the surface of the mouse pad or
desk (except on Sun). As you move the mouse, the pointer moves to a
corresponding location on the screen. The following terms are used to
describe various mouse operations:
Drag Hold down MB1 and move the mouse, then release
when pointer reaches desired location.
Select Click once or double-click at the indicated location.
Set cursor Click in text at the location where you want to begin
typing.
Key Combinations
Some keys such as the Control key and Alt key are used in combination
with others. For example, you can press Control-D by holding down the
Control key and pressing the D key. The same applies to combinations like
Alt-F4, Meta-F4, etc. Always hold down the first key before pressing the
second.
Combining keys may also be used with mouse clicks. For example,
Control-click means to hold down the Control key and click MB1. Control-
Shift-click means to hold down the Control key and the Shift key before
clicking once with MB1.
Keyboard Operation
The keys used to control cursor movement include the up, down, left, and
right arrow keys. If the cursor reaches the boundary of a multiple-page
table, a further arrow key movement in the same direction will make the
table scroll in that direction. In addition, the left and right arrow keys
allow the user to move the cursor in the data field to edit previously
entered data.
F2 Key
Depending on the occasion, the F2 function key can serve one of two
functions:
2. In the fluid property table, the F2 key will load default component
properties, i.e., either from system default tables or using interpolation
calculations. (see Section 5.2.1)
F5 Key
In a list entry panel, the F5 function key will either display a cascade table
for additional data entry, or a selection menu for the user to specify an
option (see Section 2.4.6). The user must first place the mouse cursor over
the box cell for the F5 function key work.
1
Introduction
The simulation data for DESKTOP-PVT is divided into six major parts:
2. Equation-of-state properties
3. Laboratory procedures
6. Pseudoization
UNIX Workstations
IBM RS/6000
2
Getting Started
1. At the command line prompt, type dtpvt and press the Enter key.
The program will display the main window known as the Display
Window, which contains the DESKTOP-PVT header. The user must
enter all input data through the menu process or import data from an
existing data file. Refer to Chapter 3 for details regarding the
procedure for importing an existing file through the File menu.
2. At the command line prompt, type dtpvt {file} and press the Enter key.
Here {file} is the name of a batch-type data file. Refer to Section 2.7 for
a detailed description of a batch-type data file. The data contained in
the file will be loaded into memory upon initialization and will be
ready for editing and calculation.
3. At the command line prompt, type dtpvt -b {file} and press the Enter
key.
Again, {file} is the name of a batch-type data file. The command line
option -b will direct the program to execute in the batch mode and no
further user interaction will be necessary. With this option, the user
loses the ability to review the results in the interactive graphic mode
and only the tabular report given as dtpvt.out will be generated.
Menu Bar
Graphic
Display
Area
See
Menu Name Description
Chapter
See
Menu Name Description
Chapter
To select any menu option, just click on the desired menu and select the
desired option (or drag the mouse pointer to it). For example, to open a
file, with MB1 click the word File on the Menu Bar, then click the word
Open on the pull-down menu. A pop-up window appears which displays
a list of file names to be opened.
Some menu items may not be available for users to access if the items in
the Config menu are not adequately defined. For example, the Heavy
menu will not be accessible if the Heavy option in the Config menu is not
turned on. This is because the Menu Bar has been set up so that irrelevant
menu items will not be displayed and cannot be accessed. There are four
optional menus: Heavy, Pseudo, Regres, and Tests. The appearance of the
first three menus are controlled by the corresponding items in the Config
menu using a yes/no flag, i.e., the flag will be used to turn on/off the
appropriate menu items. The Tests menu has a dynamic arrangement,
such that only the tests which have been selected in the Test Type selection
window in the Config menu will be highlighted. Refer to Chapter 4 for a
detailed description of the Config menu.
Although there is no strict rule for the order of data entry, a typical
simulation will follow a "left to right" sequence in DESKTOP-PVT. For
example, a user may first retrieve an input data file using Open in the File
menu. The user can then reconfigure the simulation environment by
invoking the items in the Config menu. Components may be added/
deleted through the Component menu, or component properties may be
modified through the Fluid menu. The conditions of laboratory
procedures may be changed through the Tests menu. Once all changes are
completed, the user selects Go from the Run menu to start the calculation
process. Finally, the user may review the results by selecting Graphics
from the Report menu.
Rectangular
Push
Button
Square
Toggle
Button
Figure 2-2: An Example of Square Toggle Buttons for Multiple Item Selection
Panel
Numeric Data - The data displayed in the data entry field can be an
integer or a real number.
Cascade Table Entry - When the data entry box indicates more data is
available, the user can access it by pressing the F5 function key or
clicking the button with MB1 while the mouse cursor is on the desired
box cell.
Cascade
Table
Entry
Numeric
Date
Alphanumeric
Menu Item
Slider Bar
For certain rectangular data entry windows, the size of the table may be
dynamically varied inside the window. An example of these dynamic
windows is the table for entering laboratory measurements in the
saturation pressure calculations. In this table, the number of columns (for
temperature stages) can be increased by pressing the AddColAfter or
AddColBefore button, and reduced by pressing the DeleteCol button.
A batch data file can be created either through the Save process in
DESKTOP-PVT, i.e., by selecting Save from the File menu, or the editing
process using an operating system editor. The Save process will convert all
input data in memory into a proper keyword format. The data will be
stored in a file with a name specified by the user. On the other hand, the
user may select Open from the File menu to load data in a batch data file
into memory.
A batch data file can be used for a direct batch process run as discussed in
Section 2.1.
Load Database and Save Database in the File menu are used to manipulate
the database files. With the exception of the target file extension, the basic
functions of the Load Database and Save Database are the same as the
Open and Save processes, respectively. The default file extension for the
database files in DESKTOP-PVT is ".dbf", which is also used as the default
searching pattern during the file listing step in the Load Database file
process.
SavGraph and GetGraph in the Report menu work the same as Load
Database and Save Database, respectively. Both processes access a
database file and prepare the data for manipulating the results under an
interactive graphics environment.
Pseudoization Process
Regular Run
DESKTOP-PVT also provides mechanisms to read EOS data file so that the
EOS data generated in the previous runs can be used as the initial input
for the next run. See Sections 5.1.5 and 5.1.6 for details of reading EOS data
files.
3
Input Data File
3.1 Introduction
The File menu in the Menu Bar provides a means for creating, saving and
retrieving files containing simulation input data and results. There are
seven selection items in this menu:
Last Run
Open
New
Save
Load Database
Save Database
Exit
4
Setup Simulation Environment
4.1 Introduction
The major function of the Config menu is to define the global simulation
environment. Through the Config menu selections, the user dictates the
required input and the calculations DESKTOP-PVT will perform later. The
simulation details, however, are not required to input at this stage. For
example, the Regression entry in the Config menu is used to activate (or
deactivate) the DESKTOP-PVT nonlinear regression function which
allows automatic adjustment of the equation-of-state properties of
individual components. When the Regression option is on (activated), the
corresponding menu for nonlinear regression will be displayed on the
Menu Bar entitled Regres. The Regres menu requires the specification of
regression parameters.
System Info
EOS
Binary Coeff
Test Type
Regression
Pseudoization
Thermal
Water-In-Oil
Heavy
Run-Time Compos
Composition Sor
Run Sequence
Two of the items, Composition Sor and Run Sequence, will be displayed
only if the Pseudoization and Run-Time Compos options are activated,
respectively. Because of their calculation features, the functions of
Regression, Pseudoization and Heavy are mutually exclusive, i.e., only
one of the three functions can be activated at a time.
Figure 4-1 shows the EOS selection panel. To make a selection, the user
clicks the diamond button next to the desired item, and then click the Ok
button.
A triangular table under the Binary Coeff item of the Fluid menu is
provided for data entry if djk is read in explicitly. Otherwise, the binary
interaction coefficients are computed using the correlation
16 1 6 djkcor
2v cj v ck
djk = 1 ---------------------------
13 13
-
v cj + v ck
where vcj and vck are the critical volumes for component j and k,
respectively, and djkcor is an input exponent.
The numerical key 1 can be used to specify one run for a selected test
procedure or the user can click the name of the desired item and an
asterisk will appear in the cell box. The asterisk indicates that one test run
has been defined. To specify multiple runs for a test procedure, the
numerical keys 2 to 9 are used to edit the number of runs in the data entry
field to the left of the test type name. Whenever any data exists in the data
entry field, click the test type name button to clear the field.
Two special actions will be taken when this option is activated. First, a
special equation-of-state PVT properties file for VIP-THERM will be
created. Second, extra menus for binary interaction coefficients of H2O
(water) and other fluid components, both in regression variables (Regres
menu) and fluid properties (Fluid menu) assignments, will be displayed.
These menus allow the user to specify the binary interaction coefficients of
H2O and other components even if H2O is not specified as a component.
Furthermore, DESKTOP-PVT will load other H2O equation-of-state
properties automatically for thermal applications.
The Run Sequence option, which will be displayed when the Run-Time
Compos option is activated, is used for the "referenced" composition
specifications. Figure 4-4 is an example of the Run Sequence window. In
this window, the first column lists the laboratory procedures (Test), and
the second column displays the run numbers (Run ID) for each laboratory
procedure. Data may not be entered in these columns. The third column
5
Equation-of-State Properties
5.1 Component
The Component menu allows the user to define the components of the
fluid system used for phase behavior simulation. The component
information is one of the bases of the fluid system. Many input data in
DESKTOP-PVT are dependent upon components specification. Thus,
components should be defined before accessing other data screens. There
are six items available in the Component menu for defining fluid
components:
System
User
Volatile
Composition
Load EOS
Append EOS
the desired option. When finished, click the OK button to return to the
display window.
with the composition of the first test. Figure 5-4 is an example menu for
entering global composition.
The Load EOS option works similarly to the Open option in the File menu,
except now an EOS data file is read and loaded into memory. The default
EOS file extension is ".eos", and by default these files are automatically
listed on activating Load EOS.
Property
Binary Coeff
Binary Exponent
Gas Enthalpy
LBC Visc
Pedersen Visc
K-Value Correl
CO2TAB Correl
These items can be accessed only if fluid components have been defined in
the Component menu, as described in Section 5.1. The following sections
discuss the options on this menu in more detail.
The first two items are used to define the temperature and pressure units
for values in the property table. To select the temperature or pressure unit,
the user may either type the options in directly or click the entry cell with
MB3 to access an option window. When the option window is accessed,
click the diamond button next to the desired item and click the OK button
to return to the previous menu.
Property Table
The table entries are dependent upon the equation-of-state being selected
in the Config menu. When selected the Property Table will display a
rectangular table for entering critical properties. In general, there are eight
entries for each table:
Omega A. Omega A.
Omega B. Omega B.
14 3
g cm
Parachor. Parachor, --------------------------- .
12
s mole
For a three-parameter EOS, there is one more table entry available:
E
s = 1 D MW
where MW is component molecular weight.
The Binary Coeff option in the Fluid menu allows the user to edit djk data
explicitly. A window with a triangular djk data table will be displayed for
editing data. A list of component names defined in the Component menu
will be displayed at the top of the table, except for the last component. The
first column will display the component names without the first
component. The F2 function key can be used to load the default djks for
the entire data row where the cursor is positioned. The default djk
between system-defined components will be automatically loaded when
they are selected in the Component menu. All binary combinations
between nonsystem-defined components will be assigned default values
of zero.
If the Thermal option is activated (Section 4.8), the H2O Binary Coef menu
will be displayed. This menu allows the user to specify the binary
interaction coefficients of H2O and other components even if H2O is not
specified as a component explicitly.
The Binary Exponent option in the Fluid menu provides another means
for defining djk values. In this option, all binary interaction coefficients
are computed using the correlation
16 1 6 djkcor
2v cj v ck
djk = 1 ---------------------------
-
v 1cj 3 + v 1ck 3
where vcj and vck are the critical volumes for component j and k,
respectively, and djkcor is an input exponent. Selecting the Binary
Exponent option will display a data window for entering djkcor (Figure 5-
7). The default value of djkcor is 1.0.
2 3 4 5
H i = h io + h i1 T + h i2 T + h i3 T + h i4 T + h i5 T
and the user can edit the gas enthalpy coefficients, hin, for each
component.
00 C1 = 0.1023
C2 = 0.023364
C3 = 0.058533
C4 = -0.040758
C5 = 0.0093324
The user may change these default coefficients by selecting the LBC Visc
menu item, and changing the value in the dialog box (Figure 5-9).
k1 = 9.74602
k2 = 18.0834
k3 = 4126.66
k4 = 44.6055
k5 = 0.976544
k6 = 81.8134
k7 = 15649.9
B Di
Ki = A i + -----i + C i P EXP --------------- (5-1)
P T E i
Figure 5-13 shows the main data entry menu for entering correlation
coefficients of carbon dioxide saturated water properties. The selection
items are for the correlation of carbon dioxide solubility in pure water, the
correlation to adjust the effects of salinity on carbon dioxide solubility in
water, and the correlation to calculate density of carbon dioxide saturated
Figure 5-14 shows the data entry table for entering correlation coefficients
of solubility of carbon dioxide in pure water. The coefficients are a0 to a4,
b0 to b4, and c0 to c4 to be discussed next. Default values are available for
all coefficients.
cP
R sw = a P 1 b sin --- --------------------
o
if P < P
2 c P + 1
and
o o o
R sw = R sw + m ( P P ) if P P
where
ai ( 10 3 T )
i
a =
i=0
bi ( 10 3 T )
i
b = and 0<b<1
i=0
ci ( 10 3 T )
i
c = 10 3
i=1
2
o 2 sin1 ( b )
p = --- --------------------------------------------
2 2
c 1 --- sin1 ( b )
o o 3
R sw = a P ( 1 b )
c Po c Po c Po
m = a 1 b sin --- ---------------------
- + --
- ---------------------
- cos --- ---------------------
-
2 c P o + 1 2 c P o + 1 2 c P o + 1
with Rsw in scf of carbon dioxide per stb water, temperature (T) in degree
Fahrenheit, pressure (P) in psia and
This correlation matches the solubility data of Wiebe (1941)1 for liquid and
supercritical carbon dioxide in water within 10 scf/stb for temperatures
between 54 and 212 degrees Fahrenheit and pressures up to 10,000 psia.
The calculated solubility in pure water is further adjusted for the effects of
salinity to obtain the solubility of carbon dioxide in brine
R sb
log -------- = s o S T s1
R sw
s0 = -0.028037
s1 = -0.12039
The measured data in NaCl Solutions from Malinin and Savelyeva (1972)2,
Malinin and Kurovskaya (1975)3, and McRee (1977)4 were used to obtain
parameters s0 and s1.
Figure 5-15 shows the data entry table for entering s0 and s1 coefficients
for adjusting the salinity effects on the carbon dioxide solubility in water.
The formation volume factor of carbon dioxide saturated water (or brine)
is calculated using
1
B w = ------ [ w, sc + 0.02066 R sb ]
w
w = w, atm + 0.001 d 1 R sb
Figure 5-16 shows the data entry table for entering coefficient d1 for
calculating carbon dioxide saturated water density. The default value is
5.8.
For pressures less than 5000 psia the water compressibility is calculated
using the correlation from Rowe and Chou (1970)5. For pressures greater
than 5000 psia,
1 1
------- = ------------------ + 7.033 ( P 5000 )
Cw C w, 5000
6
Heavy/Pseudo/Regres
6.1 Introduction
The mechanisms for assigning equation-of-state components and their
properties for a fluid mixture are discussed in Chapter 5. In this chapter,
we discuss three functions that can be used to obtain or modify some of
the component properties. These functions are represented by three items
in the main menu, i.e., Heavy, Pseudo, and Regres.
The gamma distribution function gives the mole fraction and molecular
weight for each single carbon number (SCN) of the extended fractions.
The calculated mole fraction and molecular weight of the last carbon
number in the extended analysis are adjusted so the computed mole
fraction and molecular weight of the heavy fraction are matched to the
observed data. The gamma function can be calculated using either a
constant molecular weight interval or variable molecular weight intervals.
NOTE: To edit data indicated as <F5> on this form, either click MB1 over the
button next to the desired item or position the mouse cursor over the
box cell for the desired item to edit to make the F5 key accessible.
Any items that give you choice to make, move the mouse pointer
over the desired box cell and click MB3 to access a separate options
window. Choose the desired item and then click Ok to return to the
previous window.
Mole Fraction. The mole fraction of the total fluid sample contained in
the heavy fraction. This is required input.
The WEIGHT option requires the user to enter the weight fraction
of the heavy fraction in the total fluid sample as well as the mole
fraction of the heavy fraction. The MOLE/WEIGHT option
controls whether mole or weight fraction distillation data should
be entered in the Distillation Data Table.
First Single Carbon No. The first single carbon number (FSCN) of the
heavy fraction to be considered in the extended analysis, i.e., for C7+
enter 7, for C10+ enter 10. This number must be greater than 6. This is
required input. (Default is 7)
Last Single Carbon No. The carbon number of the last component to
be considered in the extended analysis for the heavy fraction. This is
required input. (Default is 45)
Regression on ALPHA (Y/N). Text label that activates the option for
automatic ALPHA calculation. If this option is activated, the
distillation data must be entered before calculation begins.
14 FSCN 6
where FSCN is the default first single carbon number, 7, discussed
above. This is required input.
Since both the number and names of the pseudo-components are required
in the Parameter menu, they must be specified before entering other
pseudoization data. However, if a name is not given by the user, the
program will provide a default name for it automatically.
NOTE: To edit data indicated as <F5> on this form, either click MB1 over the
button next to the desired item or position the mouse cursor over the
box cell for the desired item to edit to make the F5 key accessible.
Any items that give you choice to make, move the mouse pointer
over the desired box cell and click MB3 to access a separate options
window. Choose the desired item and then click Ok to return to the
previous window.
There are three options available in the Regress menu, Variable, Limits,
and Control. Variable is used for specifying the equation-of-state
parameters to be adjusted during nonlinear regression. Limits allows the
user to specify the lower and upper bounds of the regression parameters.
Control is used for specifying calculation tolerance and output quantity.
The parameters available for regression are categorized into ten types as
shown in Figure 6-3.
These are:
H2O Binary. Binary interaction coefficients for water (H2O) and all
other components. This menu is available only if Thermal in the
Config menu has been activated, and the H2O component has not
been assigned as a fluid component.
VISP k-Coef. The k-coefficients (k1 to k7) for calculating the viscosity
of the reference component in the Pedersen et al. viscosity correlation
(Figure 6-8).
B Di
Ki = A i + -----i + C i P EXP --------------- (6-1)
P T E i
Figure 6-11 shows the main data entry menu for assigning regression
variables to correlation coefficients of carbon dioxide saturated water
properties. The selection items are for the correlation of carbon dioxide
solubility in pure water, the correlation to adjust the effects of salinity
on carbon dioxide solubility in water, and the correlation to calculate
density of carbon dioxide saturated water. The density correlation is
used in computing water formation volume factor.
Figure 6-12 shows the data entry table for assigning regression
variables to correlation coefficients of solubility of carbon dioxide in
pure water. The coefficients are a0 to a4, b0 to b4, and c0 to c4 give in
Section 5.2.7.
Figure 6-13 shows the data entry table for assigning regression
variables to s0 and s1 coefficients for adjusting the salinity effects on
the carbon dioxide solubility in water.
Figure 6-14 shows the data entry table for assigning regression
variable to coefficient d1 for calculating carbon dioxide saturated
water density.
Regression variables are used to alter the initial values of various EOS
properties. Most of the EOS properties are adjusted by multiplying their
initial values with regression variables. The exceptions are binary
interaction coefficients, composition and volume shift parameters, where
subtraction is used instead of multiplication. For this treatment of
regression variables, using values equal to 1 for all regression variables is
equivalent to using the unaltered EOS properties.
Basic. Only the values of the objective function and the regression
variables at each regression iteration are printed.
Initial Search Vector Length. The initial value of the search vector
length in the regression calculation. This is required input. (Default is
0.2)
7
Input Data for Laboratory Procedures
7.1 Introduction
The Tests menu on the Menu Bar is used for entering data from laboratory
measurements. The Tests menu has a dynamic arrangement so only the
tests selected in the Test Type selection window in the Config menu will be
highlighted. The user must enter all required data for all selected tests, but
may enter data in any sequence.
The user can request the data entry menu for a test by clicking on the
desired item with MB1. If the test has multiple runs, an additional menu
containing run numbers will be displayed. The user must select a run
before the data entry menu can be accessed.
7.2.1 Composition
The fluid composition is required for most of the laboratory test
procedures. As discussed in Section 4.11, there are two ways to specify the
fluid composition in DESKTOP-PVT. The fluid composition for a test can
be entered directly, or the liquid, vapor, or overall composition of an
intermediate step in another test can be loaded. The latter method is
referred to as an indirect composition specification. For direct composition
specification, the user must enter the numerical values of the fluid
composition in mole fraction. For indirect composition specification, the
user must specify the referenced test and its particular step. Both
specifications are completed through the Composition item in the data
entry menus for laboratory procedures.
For all tests, there is a Composition entry field. To access the composition
entry menu, the user should position the cursor on the field, and press the
F5 function key or click the field with MB1.
or clicking the Composition entry field with MB1. The user must select a
test which references one of its liquid, vapor, or overall compositions.
The user must provide the run sequence of all laboratory procedures if the
test compositions are to be indirectly specified. In the Run Sequence menu
the user also specifies which tests will use indirect composition
specification. DESKTOP-PVT will process the user specifications in the
Run Sequence menu, and list the tests that can be referenced. The tests
menu lists a subset of all the laboratory tests specified in the Test Type
selection window of the Config menu.
A second menu will be displayed once the user has selected a test in the
abbreviated test names menu. This menu lists the pressure stages for the
selected test. The user should position the cursor on the desired pressure
stage and press Enter to complete the indirect composition specification.
F. Degrees Fahrenheit
C. Degrees Centigrade
K. Degrees Kelvin
R. Degrees Rankin
To change the temperature units, the user can either enter one of the unit
identifiers (F, C, K or R) directly, or select the temperature units menu by
clicking MB3 in the temperature units specification field. A selection menu
will be displayed. Select the desired item by the diamond button next the
that item and then click Ok to return to the previous menu.
KPA. Kilo-Pascals
To change the pressure units, the user can either enter one of the unit
identifiers (PSIA, PSIG, KPA or KGCM2) directly, or select the pressure
units menu by click MB3 in the pressure units specification field. A
selection menu will be displayed. Select the desired item by the diamond
button next the that item and then click OK to return to the previous
menu.
To change the density units, the user can either enter one of the unit
identifiers (LB/FT3 or GM/CC) directly, or select the density units menu
by clicking MB3 in the density units specification field. A selection menu
will be displayed. Select the desired item by the diamond button next the
that item and then click OK to return to the previous menu.
SCF/STB. Field units of standard cubic feet of gas per barrel of stock
tank oil
To change the GOR units, the user can either enter one of the unit
identifiers (SCM/STCM or SCF/STB) directly, or select the GOR units
menu by clicking MB3 in the GOR units specification field. A selection
menu will be displayed. Select the desired item by the diamond button
next the that item and then click OK to return to the previous menu.
To change the enthalpy units, the user can either enter one of the unit
identifiers (KBTU/LBMOLE or J/KGMOLE) directly, or select the
enthalpy units menu by clicking MB3 in the enthalpy units specification
field. A selection menu will be displayed. Select the desired item by the
diamond button next the that item and then click OK to return to the
previous menu.
To change the saturation pressure type, the user can either enter one of the
unit identifiers (DEWPT or BUBPT) directly, or select the saturation
pressure type menu by clicking MB3 in the saturation pressure type
specification field. A selection menu will be displayed. Select the desired
item by the diamond button next the that item and then click Ok to return
to the previous menu.
Gas Z-Factor
Liquid Density
Vapor Pressure
Saturation Pressure
Viscosity
Swelling
Differential Expansion
Multi-Contact Vaporization
Phase Envelope/Psat
Gas Enthalpy
Liquid Enthalpy
Water Property
Saturating Pressure/H2O
Distillation
Steam Distillation
Separator/No Reg
Separator/Reg
Phase Envelope/Full
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Density Unit. The density units which are the same for all density
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is LB/FT3)
Figure 7-2 shows an example of the table for entering laboratory measured
data. In this example the gas z-factors are measured at two pressure
stages.
Gas Visc. The gas viscosities (cp) measured at the pressure stages.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Density Unit. The density units which are the same for all density
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is LB/FT3)
Figure 7-4 shows an example of the table for entering laboratory measured
data. Liquid densities are measured at two pressure stages in this
example.
Liq Visc. The liquid viscosities (cp) measured at the pressure stages.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Density Unit. The density units which are the same for all density
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is LB/FT3)
Figure 7-6 shows an example of the table for entering vapor pressure data.
The vapor pressures are measured at two temperature stages in this
example.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Density Unit. The density units which are the same for all density
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is LB/FT3)
Figure 7-8 shows an example of the table for entering laboratory measured
data. The saturation pressures are measured at one temperature stage in
this example.
Fluid Type. Alpha label specifying the fluid mixture type. This is
required input.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Density Unit. The density units which are the same for all density
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is LB/FT3)
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Liq Volume Fraction Type. Two options are available to define the
reference volume used for normalizing measured liquid volumes. This
data is used to select the reference volume and define the volume
fraction of liquid. Volume fraction of liquid is defined as the liquid
volume measured at a pressure stage divided by the reference volume.
This is required input.
MEAS PRES. The reference volume is the total cell volume at the
pressure stage at which the liquid volume is measured.
Relative Vol. The total volume of the fluid mixture measured at the
pressure stages divided by the volume measured at the saturation
pressure.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Black Oil Table Generation. The dialog window for generating black
oil table data.
Cum Gas Prod. The cumulative gas produced after returning the PVT
cell to its original volume at the pressure stages. This is expressed as a
mole fraction of the gas originally in the PVT cell.
Oil Vol Frac. The measured volume fractions of oil after returning the
PVT cell to its original volume at the pressure stages.
Figure 7-15 shows the dialog window used to enter black oil table
generation parameters.
Figure 7-18: Pressure levels above the saturation pressure at which black oil
data is generated.
Data measured and reported at the end of each stage includes the
saturation pressure of the new mixture, the type of saturation pressure
(dewpoint or bubblepoint), and the volume of the saturated mixture
relative to the saturated volume of the original sample. Figure 7-19 shows
the input menu for simulating the SWELL procedure.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Inj Gas Frac. Moles of injected gas in the mixture divided by the total
number of moles in the mixture at the end of any stage. This is
required input.
Sat Vol Frac. The volume of the saturated mixture at the end of any
stage divided by the saturated volume of the original mixture.
Sat Pres Type. Alpha label specifying the type of measured saturation
pressures. This is required input.
Data measured and reported at each pressure level includes the solution
gas-oil ratio, relative oil volume, oil density, z-factor of the withdrawn gas,
and gravity of the withdrawn gas.
Figure 7-21 shows the input menu for simulating the DIFF procedure.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIA)
Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR) Unit. The units for all gas-oil ratio
measurements. This is required input. (Default is SCF/STB)
Rel Oil Vol. The relative oil volumes (oil formation volume factor, Bo),
barrels of oil at a pressure level per barrel of residual oil at 60 F.
Gas Z-Fac. The z-factors of the produced gas measured at the pressure
stages.
Data measured and reported at each contact step includes moles of gas (or
oil) removed, gas (or oil) z-factor, and liquid volume fraction. In addition,
the program can construct a pseudo-ternary diagram if the user defines
three pseudo-components (light, intermediate and heavy).
Figure 7-23 shows the input menu for simulating the MCVAP procedure.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Moles Added. The number of moles of fluid (gas or oil) added at each
contact step. It is assumed the oil originally in the PVT cell is one mole.
This is required input.
Gas Z-Factor. The z-factors of the removed gas at each contact step.
Liq Vol Frac. The liquid volume fraction before gas removed at each
contact step.
Figure 7-25 shows the input menu for simulating the dew/bubblepoint
phase envelope calculation.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Enthalpy Unit. The enthalpy units which are the same for all enthalpy
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is KBTU/
LBMOLE)
Density Unit. The density units which are the same for all density
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is LB/FT3)
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Enthalpy Unit. The enthalpy units which are the same for all enthalpy
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is KBTU/
LBMOLE)
Density Unit. The density units which are the same for all density
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is LB/FT3)
Figure 7-31 shows the input menu for calculating the bubblepoint
pressure of oil in the presence of water.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Density Unit. The density units which are the same for all density
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is LB/FT3)
Figure 7-32 also shows an example of the table for entering bubblepoint
pressures of oil in the presence of water. The bubblepoint pressures are
measured at one temperature stage in this example.
Figure 7-32: Data Entry Table for Bubblepoint Pressure of Mixture with H2O
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Blend Fraction Option. Alpha label specifying the units for which
fractions of the original crude, residue and distillate are mixed in
preparing the blend. This is required input.
Blend API Gravity Table. The measured API gravities of blends. The
detailed table entries are discussed later.
Distillation Curve
Figure 7-34 shows the menu for entering laboratory measured distillation
data.
Figure 7-35 shows an example of the table for entering molecular weight
data for the heavy fraction.
Figure 7-35: Data Entry Table for Distillation Molecular Weight Measurements
M.W., Crude Heavy Frac (MWc). The molecular weight of the heavy
fraction of the original crude.
Weight Factor/ MWc. The regression weight factor for the measured
molecular weight of the heavy fraction of the original crude. (Default
is 1)
M.W., Residue Heavy Fraction. This table is used for entering the
measured molecular weight of the heavy fraction of the residues. The
entries are the same as the above four items, except the data entry
number on the distillation curve may also be input.
Wt Frac, Crude Heavy Frac (Wt). The measured weight fraction of the
crude heavy fraction in the original crude.
Figure 7-36 shows the menu for entering residue API gravity data.
Figure 7-36: Data Entry Table for Distillation Residue API Gravity
Weight Factor. The regression weight factor for the measured API
gravity of residue. (Default is 1)
Dstl Curve No. The data entry number on the distillation curve.
There are four tables available for data entry (Figure 7-37):
Figure 7-38 shows the menu for entering distillate API gravity data.
Figure 7-38: Data Entry Table for Distillation Distillate API Gravity
Weight Factor. The regression weight factor for the measured API
gravity of the distillate. (Default is 1)
Start Curve No. The data entry number on the distillation curve which
defines the starting temperature of the distillate.
End Curve No. The data entry number on the distillation curve which
defines the ending temperature of the distillate.
Figure 7-39 shows the menu for entering component K-values of the
distillate.
Figure 7-40 shows the menu for entering regression weight factors for the
measured component K-values. This weight factor is applied to the
residuals of equation-of-state computed K-values and measured K-values.
There is another regression weight factor table for the measured K-values
but is applied only to the residuals of correlation computed K-values and
measured K-values (Figure 7-41). To accommodate the large variation in
component K-values, the logarithm of the K-values are used in computing
the residuals. This weight factor will not affect the adjustment of equation-
of-state parameters in regression.
Figure 7-42 shows the menu for entering blend API gravity data.
Figure 7-42: Data Entry Table for Distillation Blend API Gravity
Crude Frac. The volume or weight fraction of the original crude in the
blend.
DstCurve No. The data entry number on the distillation curve for the
residue used in the blend.
Distillate No. The data entry number of the distillate in the Distillate
API Gravity Table for the distillate used in the blend.
Wt Factor. The regression weight factor for the measured API gravity
of the blend. (Default is 1)
Viscosity Measurements
ln ( ln ( + 1 v min ) ) = A + B ln ( T ) (7-1)
Crude Viscosity (cp). The data table for the measured viscosities of the
original crude.
Residue Viscosity (cp). The data table for the measured viscosities of
the residues.
Distillate Viscosity (cp). The data table for the measured viscosities of
the distillates.
Blend Viscosity (cp). The data table for the measured viscosities of the
blends.
Figure 7-44 shows the data table for the original crude viscosity.
Temp. Temperature of the measured viscosity. The units are the same
as those specified in the main menu of the distillation test.
Pres. Pressure of the measured viscosity. The units are the same as
those specified in the main menu of the distillation test.
If one of the Twu viscosity correlations is selected, a viscosity data file will
be generated. This file will contain component viscosity data at the
temperatures specified in the crude viscosity table. The file can be saved
later and used in VIP-THERM.
Temp. Temperature of the measured viscosity. The units are the same
as those specified in the main menu of the distillation test.
Pres. Pressure of the measured viscosity. The units are the same as
those specified in the main menu of the distillation test.
Temp. Temperature of the measured viscosity. The units are the same
as those specified in the main menu of the distillation test.
Pres. Pressure of the measured viscosity. The units are the same as
those specified in the main menu of the distillation test.
Temp. Temperature of the measured viscosity. The units are the same
as those specified in the main menu of the distillation test.
Pres. Pressure of the measured viscosity. The units are the same as
those specified in the main menu of the distillation test.
Since DESKTOP-PVT will load the water component and its properties
automatically for this test, it is not necessary to input water (H2O) as a
component in the component assignment process. An additional input
menu for the binary coefficients of water and other components can be
displayed by activating the Thermal option in the Config menu.
Figure 7-48 shows the input menu for simulating the steam distillation
test.
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Initial Oil Volume In Cell. The volume of crude oil initially injected
into the PVT cell, in cubic centimeters (cc). This is required input.
API Gravity, Initial Oil (APIo). The API gravity of the original crude.
This is required input.
Figure 7-49 shows the table for entering laboratory measured steam
distillation data.
Figure 7-50 shows the input menu for simulating the multistage
separators.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
Figure 7-51 also shows the table used for entering the separator conditions
data. For each stage, a maximum of two destinations can be assigned for
each of the two output streams (vapor and liquid). For example, the liquid
stream leaving a separator can be sent to the oil sales line, or a fraction of
the liquid stream can be sent to the oil sale line with the rest of the liquid
stream sent to a downstream separator. If the output streams are sent to
two destinations, then two data cards, one for each destination, are
required for a complete description of the stage conditions (type 1 and
type 2 data cards). Otherwise, only one data card is needed for each stage
(type 1 card). Type 2 data cards, if required, must immediately follow type
1 data cards for each stage.
Stage No. The separator stage number. Every separator must have an
(positive) integer stage number. The nonzero stage number indicates a
type 1 data card. If a type 2 data card is required for a separator stage,
enter 0 for the Stage No. This is required input.
Vapor Frac. The fraction of the vapor stream leaving a separator stage
is sent to the destination indicated in Vapor Dest. Values must lie in the
range of 0 to 1. If the value for a type 1 data card is less than one, a type
2 data card must be provided for this stage. This is required input.
Liquid Frac. The fraction of the liquid stream leaving a separator stage
is sent to the destination indicated in Liquid Dest. Values must lie in
the range of 0 to 1. If the value for a type 1 data card is less than one,
then a type 2 data card must be provided for this stage. This is
required input.
Figure 7-52 shows the input menu for simulating the laboratory separators
test.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIA)
Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR) Unit. The units for all gas-oil ratio
measurements. This is required input. (Default is SCF/STB)
Density Unit. The density units which are the same for all density
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is LB/FT3)
Oil Density or Gas Z-Factor. Oil density (for bubblepoint fluid) or Gas
Z-factor (for dewpoint fluid) at reservoir temperature and saturation
pressure.
Weight Factor/Bo or Bg. The regression weight factor of the oil or gas
formation volume factor. (Default is 1)
Stock Tank Oil API Gravity. The API gravity of stock tank oil at
standard conditions.
Total Gas-Oil Ratio (TGOR). The total gas-oil ratio, in standard cubic
feet of gas per stock tank barrel of oil, calculated by separation through
all stages to surface conditions.
Figure 7-53 shows the table for entering laboratory measured separator
data.
Oil Vol Fact. Separator volume factor in barrels of oil at stage pressure
and temperature per barrel of stock tank oil at standard conditions.
Figure 7-54 shows the input menu for calculating phase envelope.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIA)
later. This file contains the composition information that can be exported
directly to VIP-COMP.
Figure 7-55 shows the input menu for calculating composition variations
with depth. The input data are reservoir temperature, pressure and
hydrocarbon composition at a reference depth.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input.
(Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIA)
Depth Unit. The depth units which are the same for all depth
measurements. This is required input. (Default is FT)
Option For Entering Depth. Two options are available to enter the
depths where compositions are calculated.
Optional Input. An item for activating the optional input menu for
this test. The detailed entries are discussed later.
Figure 7-56 shows the Optional Input menu for calculating composition
variations with depth.
Min Depth Interval for Calc. The minimum depth interval allowed in
the composition calculation. If the computed depth interval is less than
this minimum value, the calculation will be reported as a failure.
(Default is 1)
Max Depth Interval for Calc. The maximum depth interval allowed in
the composition calculation. If the user specified depth interval is
greater than this value, the compositions at additional intermediate
depths will be performed with this depth interval between the user
specified depths. (Default is 100)
Depth Interval Reduction Scale. The factor for reducing the size of
depth interval when a composition calculation fails. If the composition
calculation which failed was of size of D, the next intermediate
composition calculation will be of size D times this factor. (Default is
0.2)
Figure 7-57 shows the input menu for calculating properties of carbon
dioxide saturated water.
Format of Data Table. Alpha label specifying the table format to enter
carbon dioxide saturated water properties. This is required input.
(Default is SATWAT) Only SATWAT option will generate enough data
in co2tab.log file to be used by VIP-COMP, and is explained in the
documentation.
Salinity Units. The brine salinity units. There are two options
Temperature Units. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default
is F)
Pressure Units. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIA)
Figure 7-58 shows the input menu for entering laboratory measured data
for SATWAT option.
Weight Factor. The regression weight factors for the measured data of
carbon dioxide saturated water. (Default is 1)
Figure 7-59 shows the input menu for entering measured data of carbon
dioxide saturated water.
The amounts of initial oil and water, the injected steam, and produced
fluids may be expressed in mass (default), volumetric or molar units. For
the volumetric unit option, the units are cubic centimeter (cc). The initial
volume of oil, and the produced volumes of gas, oil and water are
measured at standard conditions. The volumes of initial water and
injected steam are expressed in terms of H2O cwe (cold water equivalent).
Only the vapor phase volume at equilibrium is measured at PVT cell
conditions. For cases in which the initial oil is saturated at standard
conditions, the volumetric unit option should not be used. This condition
is not checked by the program.
Optionally, oil viscosities of the initial oil (crude), and of the PVT cell oil
and the produced oil for any contact may also be calculated as predictions
or through regression to match experimental data. Care should be taken to
insure that the specified temperatures and pressures at which viscosities
are to be calculated correspond to undersaturated conditions for the
relevant fluid composition. This is not checked by the program.
Figure 7-60 shows an example of the main input menu for simulating the
MCSVAP test.
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
temperature measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default
is F, degree Fahrenheit.)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIA)
Stream Unit. The stream units which are the same for all stream
measurements in this test, including the amounts of initial oil and
water, the injected steam, and produced fluids. This is required input.
(Default is G, grams.)
API Gravity of Initial Oil (APIo). The API gravity of the initial oil.
Use only if initial oil is undersaturated.
Initial Quantity of Oil in Cell. Initial amount of oil in PVT cell in the
units specified by Stream Unit. This is required input. (Default is 100)
Figure 7-61 shows an example of the data table for entering laboratory
measured MCSVAP data.
H2O Injected. Amount of H2O injected into PVT cell for each contact
in the units specified by Stream Unit. This is required input.
Cell Vapor. Amount of equilibrium vapor formed for each contact and
then withdrawn in the units specified by Stream Unit.
Oil Satn. PVT cell oil saturation in fraction at equilibrium for each
contact before withdrawal of vapor.
H2O M.F./Oil. Mole fraction of H2O in the PVT cell oil phase for each
contact before withdrawal of vapor. This number is calculated only if
the water-in-oil option is activated.
H2O M.F./GAS. Mole fraction of H2O in the PVT cell vapor phase for
each contact before withdrawal of vapor. This number is calculated
only if the water-in-oil option is activated.
Prod Oil API. API gravity of produced oil for each contact.
ln ( ln ( + 1 min ) ) = A + B ln ( T )
where T is absolute temperature. The default value is 0.2. This value
will be internally reset to 0 if any input or calculated viscosity value is
less than the input value.
Initial Oil Viscosity(cp). The data table for the measured viscosity of
the initial oil.
Cell Oil Viscosity(c). The data table for the measured viscosity of the
PVT cell oil.
Produced Oil Viscosity(cp). The data table for the measured viscosity
of the produced oil.
Figure 7-63 shows the data table for entering the measured initial oil
viscosity.
Pres. Pressure of the measured viscosity. The temperature units are the
same as those defined in the MCSVAP main menu.
Figure 7-64 shows the data table for entering the measured PVT cell oil
viscosity. The same data format is also used for produced oil viscosity.
Pres. Pressure of the measured viscosity. The temperature units are the
same as those defined in the MCSVAP main menu.
Successive substition
Newton-Raphson
Temperature Unit. The temperature units which are the same for all
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is F)
Pressure Unit. The pressure units which are the same for all pressure
measurements in this test. This is required input. (Default is PSIG)
LMol Frc. Liquid (oil) phase mole fraction at the pressure stages.
8
Calculation of Laboratory Procedures
8.1 Introduction
The Run menu contains items for activating laboratory test calculations,
selecting phase behavior calculation methods, and specifying control
parameters for phase behavior calculations. There are six items in the Run
menu:
GO
Calc Method
Psat Tol
Flash Tol
Expansion Tol
Debug
Except for the GO item, a window for entering data will be displayed
when an item is selected. The GO entry is used to activate the phase
behavior calculation. The remaining menu items are used to select
calculation parameters.
Dp Factor. The factor for reducing the size of a pressure interval when
an intermediate flash fails. If the flash which failed was of size P, the
next intermediate flash calculation will be of size P times this factor.
(Default is 0.1)
9
Report - Calculation Results
9.1 Introduction
Graphic and tabular reports for the calculated results are created from the
Report menu. At the termination of the phase behavior calculation, the
program is ready to proceed to the Graphics option in the Report menu,
and the results are ready to be examined. In addition, the user can
generate reports by retrieving a database file. See Sections 2.7, 3.6, and 3.7
for more information about database file manipulation. There are fourteen
options in the Report menu.
Graphics
GraTitle
SavGraph
GetGraph
Table
PrtTable
SavTable
GetTable
SaveEOS
SaveKval
SaveVisc
SaveZgrd
SavCO2T
SaveBOE
9.2 Graphics
The graphic module provides an environment for users to graphically
display calculated results and observation data. This is an interactive
environment that provides a wide range of control over the graphical
presentation of calculated results and observation data. The graphic
module is activated by selecting Graphics from the Report menu.
Point to the desired item by moving the mouse pointer until it is on the
desired item. On some devices, the item will be highlighted. Press MB1
to make the selection.
If the cursor device has buttons in addition to MB1, the use of other
buttons will be context dependent. However, it is generally true that
MB3 and MB4 (if available) can be used to toggle on and off a help
message for the highlighted item. Pressing MB2 will clear away the
menu area so it will not appear on a screen dump. To redisplay the
graphics selection menu area again press MB2.
Point to the desired item by using the left and right arrow keys, and
press the Enter key to select the item. The user may type the first few
letters which are unique enough to distinguish one item from another
to make a selection. Toggle the help message with the ? key.
The exact items of the Graphic Menu Bar are dependent on laboratory
procedures. Figure 9-2 is an example plot with the Graphic Menu Bar.
Usually, the first several items in the menu are the fluid properties
available for review. A selection of these items will immediately display
the corresponding plot on the screen. The solid curve with dots represents
the calculated results. The dots indicate the calculated points. The
observation data points, if present on the same plot, will be shown as cross
marks. If there are too many menu items to fit in one row, >> MORE will
be displayed at both ends of the menu. The >> MORE item indicates
additional items are available for selection. The user can position the
cursor on >> MORE to display additional items for selection.
The last two items on the graphics selection menu are CONTRL and EXIT.
The EXIT item allows the user to quit the current graphic session for the
selected laboratory procedure, and return to the previous menu for
selecting another laboratory procedure for graphic reports. The CONTRL
item provides a method for users to manipulate graphic attributes
interactively.
Figure 9-3: Example Plot with the Control Item Selected on the Graphic Menu
Bar
ZOOM
The ZOOM option allows the user to select and display sections of the plot
scene for close detail observations. Several options (Figure 9-4) are
provided to specify the area of interest.
IXscale. The IXscale option allows the user to specify the horizontal
extent (x-axis) to be zoomed interactively. The graphic cursor will be
overlayed with a vertical line to indicate the area boundary. To define
the desired boundary, position the vertical line at the desired location
of the first boundary and press MB1. Move the vertical line to the
second boundary position and press MB1. The zoomed picture will be
displayed upon specification of both boundaries.
IYscale. The IYscale option allows the user to specify the vertical
extent (y-axis) to be zoomed interactively. The graphic cursor will be
overlayed with a horizontal line to indicate the area boundary. To
define the desired boundary, position the horizontal line at the desired
location of the first boundary position and press MB1. Move the
vertical line to the second boundary position and press MB1. The
zoomed picture will be displayed upon specification of both
boundaries.
Position the cursor at the lower left corner of the desired area and
press MB1. The following prompt will appear:
Expand the window from the lower left to the upper right until the
required window area is achieved and press MB1. The scene will be
redrawn with only the windowed area in the scene.
KXscale. The KXscale option allows the user to specify the horizontal
extent (x-axis) to be zoomed through keyboard entry. When KXscale is
selected, the following prompt appears above the graphic area:
The user must enter two values indicating the new x-axis extent. Enter
the minimum value first followed by a space, then enter the maximum
value and press the Enter key.
This feature is most useful when the user wishes to zoom out the
plotting area. The zoomed picture will be displayed upon completing
keyboard entries.
KYscale. The KYscale option allows the user to specify the vertical
extent (y-axis) to be zoomed through keyboard entry. When KYscale is
selected, the following prompt appears above the graphic area:
The user must enter two values indicating the new y-axis extent. Enter
the minimum value first followed by a space, then enter the maximum
value and press the Enter key.
This feature is most useful when the user wishes to zoom out the
plotting area. The zoomed picture will be displayed upon completing
keyboard entries.
HIGHER. The HIGHER option returns the user to the previous menu.
VALUE
Position the cursor at the desired location within the scene and press MB1.
The value(s) for the selected point are presented below the menu bar. Two
y-axis values will be shown; however, the value of RY-axis, which shows
the value of the right-hand side y-axis, is immaterial. When the user is
finished, press MB2 to exit the value option.
L_TYPE
The L_TYPE option allows the user to change the line style. The line style
can vary from a solid line to different length line segments. The change
will be effective through the entire graphic report session until a different
line style is selected. To change the line style, select L_TYPE and continue
depressing MB1 until you find the desired line style.
COLOR
The COLOR option allows the user to change the line color. The change
will be effective through the entire graphic report session until a different
line color is selected. To change the color, select color and continue
depressing MB1 until you find the desired color.
TEXT
The TEXT option allows the user to add text to the display screen at any
location. This feature provides a mechanism for the user to customize his
plots. When the Text option is selected, the following options (Figure 9-5)
will be displayed on the Graphic Menu Bar.
ADD. The ADD option allows the user to add text to the screen. The
following prompt will appear above the graphic area:
Enter Text:
Type in the desired text (up to 80 characters per line) and press the
Enter key. The following prompt will appear:
This prompt allows you to set the size of the text before it is added to
the screen. A default size will be used if you press Enter; otherwise,
enter the desired size. Then the following prompt will appear:
Position the cursor at the location around which the text should be
centered. Press MB1 and the text will be drawn on the screen.
MOVE. The MOVE option allows the user to change the location of
text. When MOVE is selected, the following prompt appears below the
Menu Bar:
The selected text will be highlighted and the following menu appears:
OK HIGHER
Position the cursor at the desired new location and press MB1. The text
will be moved to the new location.
SCALE. The SCALE option provides a way to change the scale (size)
of text. When SCALE is selected, the following prompt appears below
the Menu Bar:
Position the cursor over the desired text and press MB1. The selected
text will be highlighted (highlighting is yellow on multi-color screens).
Select OK from the next menu to confirm the selection. The following
prompt will appear:
Enter the desired new scale factor. For example, with the current text
scale displayed considered 1, a scale factor entry of 2 will double the
text size. An entry of 0.5 will halve the size.
DELETE. The DELETE option allows the user to remove user defined
text from the plot. When DELETE is selected, the following prompt
appears below the Menu Bar:
Position the cursor over the desired text and press MB1. The selected
text will be highlighted. Select OK from the menu to confirm the
deletion.
REDRAW. To refresh the screen and remove the effects of text being
moved, etc., select the REDRAW option.
PRINTER
Selection of the PRINTER option will produce output for the PRINTER
device. The output will be saved in a postscript file named psout.ps in the
directory in which the program was started. This file may be
automatically routed by the VIPPRINTER command to the print queue
specified by the environment variable VIPPOST.
REDRAW
To refresh the screen, and remove the effects of graphic attributes being
changed, select the REDRAW option.
HIGHER
This option will return the user to a higher level menu, i.e., to graphic item
selection menu.
NOTE: This option is not available while in Graphics mode. Access this
option prior to selecting Graphics in the Report menu or exit
Graphics and proceed to the GraTitle option.
NOTE: This option is not available while in Graphics mode. Access this
option prior to selecting Graphics in the Report menu or exit
Graphics and proceed to the SavGraph option.
10
Tutorial
10.1 Introduction
This tutorial presents a complete step-by-step fluid characterization
example. The data required for entry into the program are presented in
Tables 10-1 to 10-5. The fluid characterization procedure is:
4. Component Pseudoization
2. Select EOS from the Config menu and select Peng-Robinson Equation-
of-State.
d. For this example, default entries for all other options at this level
will be accepted. Click OK to return to the display window.
The HEAVY.EOS and HEAVY.DAT files are shown in Tables 10-6 and
10-7.
9. Select Heavy from the Config menu and choose No to turn off heavy
ends characterization.
1. If the program has been exited, start DESKTOP-PVT and select Peng-
Robinson Equation of State from the Config menu.(as in Steps 1-2 in
the Heavy Ends Characterization Section). If you have not exited the
program, proceed to step 2.
2. Select Test Type from the Config menu. Select Density, Sat Pressure,
Cnst Composition, Cnst Volume as the PVT experiments to be
simulated. Click OK to return to the display window.
3. Select System from the Component menu and choose the pure light
components corresponding to those shown in Table 10-1. Select CO2,
C1, C2, C3, NC4, IC4, NC5, IC5, C6, and click OK. The program will
use the default EOS properties for these components.
NOTE: The values for HVY1, HVY2, and HVY3 should already be present.
NOTE: Before pressing F2, your mouse pointer must be on the entry box.
density units are correct. Entries for quantities not measured, such
as Z-factor and Liquid Viscosity in this example, should be left as
zero. Click OK to return to the previous menu.
NOTE: For the Constant Composition Expansion, select SLIQ from the
Graphics Menu Bar to display the liquid saturation. For the Constant
Volume Depletion, select GPROD from the Graphics Menu Bar to
display the cumulative gas produced.
9. Save the data for this run by selecting Save from the File menu. Name
the file DEFAULT. DAT.
10.4 Regression
As shown in Figures 10-1 to 10-4, the default predictions, using the
combined heavy ends characterization and the pure component data,
often does a poor job reproducing the experimental data. Therefore,
regression on some of the equation of state parameters is necessary. Start
with the data in the file, DEFAULT.DAT. We will regress on Omega A and
Omega B for the 3 heavy components and C1, and the binary interaction
parameters for C1 with the 3 heavy components. The order in which the
regression variables are defined is not important. However, please note
that the regression variables are numbered as follows in this tutorial:
Omega A-HVY1 1
Omega A-HVY2 2
Omega A-HVY3 3
Omega A-C1 4
Omega B-HVY1 5
Omega B-HVY2 6
Omega B-HVY3 7
Omega B-C1 8
1. If the program has been exited, start DESKTOP-PVT, and retrieve the
file, DEFAULT.DAT, by selecting Open from the File menu. If you are
continuing from Section 10.3, skip this step as the data from
DEFAULT.DAT is still loaded in the program.
3. To set the regression variables select Variable from the Regres menu.
a. Select EOS Property and click OK. Enter the number for the
regression variable in the appropriate place in the EOS property
table for regression variables 1-8 (see above table). Click OK to
return to the previous menu.
b. Select Binary Coeff and click OK. Enter the numbers for the binary
interaction parameter regression variables in the appropriate
places in the table for variables 9-11 (see above table). Click OK to
return to the previous menu.
4. From the Regres menu select Limits. Leave the initial value for all the
variables as 1.0. Change the Minimum to 0.7 and the Maximum to 1.3
for all the regression variables. This allows 30% change in each
regression variable.Click OK to return to the display window.
5. Select Control from the Regres menu. Change the Max Number of
Iterations to 20. Click OK to return to the display window.
6. Run the program by selecting Go from the Run menu. It will take
substantially longer to run this regression calculation compared with
the previously calculated default prediction.
NOTE: For the Constant Composition Expansion, select SLIQ from the
Graphics Menu Bar to display the liquid saturation. For the Constant
Volume Depletion, select GPROD from the Graphics Menu Bar to
display the cumulative gas produced.
8. From the Report menu select Save EOS to save these calculated
equation-of-state values in a separate file. Name this file
REGRESS.EOS.
9. Save the data for this run by selecting Save from the File menu. Name
this file REGRESS.DAT.
P1 CO2, C1
P4 HVY2
P5 HVY3
1. If the program has been exited, start DESKTOP-PVT, and retrieve the
file REGRESS.DAT by selecting Open from the File menu. If you are
continuing from Section 10.4, skip this step and goto step 3, as the data
from REGRESS.DAT is still loaded in the program.
2. Replace the equation of state characterization with the results from the
previous regression section by selecting Load EOS from the
Component menu and choosing REGRESS.EOS. There will be a delay
while the program processes the file.
3. Turn off regression by selecting Regression from the Config menu and
choosing No.
6. From the Pseudo menu select Pseudo Name. Click AddRowAfter five
times to add five new rows and fill in the rows with the names of the
new pseudo-components. Click OK to return to the display window.
c. Change Unit Pressure to psig by clicking the box cell with MB1.
Select PSIG and click OK to return to the previous menu.
9. Save the equation of state parameters in the file by selecting Save EOS
from the Pseudo menu. Name the file PSEUDO.EOS.
10. Save the file which created the pseudo components by selecting Save
from the File menu. Name the file CREATPSD.DAT.
12. By performing the previous step, the global reference composition has
been replaced with its corresponding pseudo-component values. This
can be checked by selecting Composition from the Component menu.
Click OK to return to the display window. All the compositions for the
simulated tests, however, must be reset.
14. Re-enter the composition data for the individual tests to be simulated.
c. Select Sat Pressure from the Tests menu. Select composition, press
F2 and load the global reference composition. Click OK to return to
the previous menu. Click OK to return to the display window.
d. Select Cnst Volume from the Tests menu. Select composition, press
F2 and load the global reference composition. Click OK to return to
the previous menu. Next, rename the lightest and heaviest
components which contain heptanes plus. The First Heavy
Component Name is now P3 and the Last Heavy Component
Name is P5. Click OK to return to the display window.
16. The results can be viewed graphically by selecting Graphics from the
Report menu. The resulting figures should look like:
NOTE: For the Constant Composition Expansion, select SLIQ from the
Graphics Menu Bar to display the liquid saturation. For the Constant
Volume Depletion, select GPROD from the Graphics Menu Bar to
display the cumulative gas produced.
17. Save the data for this run by selecting Save from the File menu. Name
the file PSEUDO.DAT.
Omega A-P3 1
Omega A-P4 2
Omega A-P5 3
Omega A-P1 4
Omega B-P3 5
Omega B-P4 6
Omega B-P5 7
Omega B-P1 8
1. If the program has been exited, start DESKTOP-PVT, and retrieve the
file PSEUDO.DAT by selecting Open from the File menu. If you are
continuing from Section 10.5, Component Pseudoization, skip this step
as the data from PSEUDO.DAT is still loaded in the program.
2. From the Config menu select Regression and choose Yes to turn
regression on.
3. Select Variable from the Regres menu to set the regression variables.
a. Select EOS Property and click OK. Enter the number for the
regression variable in the appropriate place in the EOS property
table for regression variables 1-8 (refer to the above table).
NOTE: There may already be numbers in this table. These are carried in the
program memory from the regression in Section 10.4. If numbers are
present, they are probably incorrect, and must be reset.
b. Select Binary Coeff and click OK. Enter the numbers for the binary
interaction parameter regression variables in the appropriate
places in the table for variables 9-11 (refer to the table on the
previous page).
NOTE: As above, there may already be numbers in this table. If numbers are
present, they are probably incorrect and must be reset.
4. From the Regres menu select Limits. Leave the initial value for all the
variables as 1.0. Change the Minimum to 0.7 and the Maximum to 1.3
for all the regression variables to allow for 30% changes in each
regression variable. Click OK to return to the display window.
5. From the Regres menu select Control. Change the Max Number Of
Iterations to 20. Click OK to return to the display window.
6. Run the program by selecting Go from the Run menu. This regression
step should be quicker than the regression step in Section 10.4, as the
equation of state characterization now uses only 5 components
compared with 12 in Section 10.4.
8. From the Report menu select Save EOS to save these calculated
equation-of-state values in a separate file. Name this file
PSDREG.EOS.
9. Save the data for this run by selecting Save from the File menu. Name
this file PSDREG.DAT.
10. Overwrite the equation of state parameters with the results of the
regression step by selecting Load EOS from the Component menu and
select PSDREG.EOS.
11. Turn regression off by selecting Regression from the Config menu and
choose No.
13. The results can be display by selecting Graphics from the Report menu
and should look like:
NOTE: For the Constant Composition Expansion, select SLIQ from the
Graphics Menu Bar to display the liquid saturation. For the Constant
Volume Depletion, select GPROD from the Graphics Menu Bar to
display the cumulative gas produced.
14. Save this in a separate file by selecting Save from the File menu. Name
this file 5CMPTUNE.DAT
Zc Component P1 1
Zc Component P2 2
Zc Component P3 3
Zc Component P4 4
Zc Component P5 5
1. If the program has been exited, start DESKTOP-PVT, and retrieve the
file 5CMPTUNE.DAT by selecting Open from the File menu. If you are
continuing from Section 10.6, Regression After Pseudoization, skip
this step as the data from 5CMPTUNE.DAT is still loaded in the
program.
3. From the Config menu select Regression and choose Yes to turn
regression on.
4. From the Regres menu select Variable to set the regression variables.
a. Select EOS Property and click OK. Enter the number for the
regression variable in the appropriate Zc column in the EOS
property table. Note, there may already be numbers in this table in
the columns for Omega A and Omega B. These are carried in the
program memory from the previous regressions. If they are
present, they must be reset to zero. Click OK to return to the
previous menu.
b. Select Binary Coeff and click OK. Zero out any numbers which
may be present. Click OK to return to the previous menu.
5. Select Limits from the Regres menu. Set the Minimum to 0.5 and the
Maximum to 2.0 for all five variables. Click OK to return to the display
window.
6. From the Regres menu select Control. Change the Max Number of
Iterations to 20. Click OK to return to the display window.
7. Enter the data for the simulated experiment. From the Tests menu
select Cnst Cmposition.
a. Check that the composition has been set by pressing F5 while your
mouse pointer is over the desired item. If the composition is not set
b. Check that the temperature is set to 276 F and the bubble point
pressure is 4375 psig.
10. Select Save EOS from the Report menu to save the calculated equation-
of-state values in a separate file. Name this file VISTUNE.EOS. This
will be the PVT file containing the equation of state parameters for
input to a reservoir simulator.
11. Save the data for this run by selecting Save from the File menu. Name
this file VISTUNE.DAT.
Methane 50.43
Ethane 9.65
Propane 8.75
iso-Butane 2.36
n-Butane 3.53
iso-Pentane 1.58
n-Pentane 1.37
Hexanes 2.29
M.W.
Pressure Gas Z-Factor Gas Phase
Heptanes Used In
(PSIG) Prod. (Cum %)
Plus
6200 0.106
5780 0.102
5415 0.098
4980 0.095
4620 0.093
4225 0.099
4100 0.101
3900 0.105
3700 0.109
3400 0.114
3000 0.125
2600 0.137
2200 0.153
1800 0.172
1400 0.199
1000 0.231
700 0.260
EOS PR
COMPONENTS
HVY1 HVY2 HVY3
PROPERTIES
COMP MW TC PC ZC ACENTRIC OMEGAA OMEGAB
HVY1 107.94 570.43 424.66 0.26346 0.30783 X X
HVY2 188.08 805.44 278.66 0.24256 0.52090 X X
HVY3 397.52 1226.32 147.94 0.20137 1.09954 X X
DJK C1
HVY1 0.037935
HVY2 0.049365
HVY3 0.065926
ENDEOS
C
C PLUS FRACTION PSEUDO COMPONENT COMPOSITIONS
C
COMPOSITION
0.044272 0.084232 0.013497
SPLIT
MWPLUS GPLUS ZPLUS NG MWGRP
183.00 0.8345 0.1420 3 125.00 300.00
PROPERTY CORRELATION SIMULATION
TC RIAZI-DAUBERT
PC RIAZI-DAUBERT
ACENTRIC EDMISTER
ZC RIAZI-DAUBERT
CONMWI
MWC6C7 90.00
MWINC 12.000
END
A
References
1. Wiebe, R.: The Binary System Carbon Dioxide-Water Under
Pressure, Chemical Reviews, 29 (1941) 475-481.
2. Malinin, S.D. and Savelyeva, N.I.: The Solubility of CO2 in NaCl and
CaCl2 Solutions at 25, 50, and 75 Under Elevated CO2 Pressures,
Geochemistry International, (1972) 410-418.
8. Osif, T.L.: The Effects of Salt, Gas, Temperature, and Pressure on the
Compressibility of Water, SPE Reservoir Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Feb.
1988) 175-181.
000000Subject Index
A C
accelerated successive-substitution 8-156 calculation
acentric factor how activated 8-156
entry in property table 5-36 how to invoke 2-16
plotting 6-57 of phase envelope 4-26
use in heavy fraction 6-56 calculation method
annotation selecting 8-156
adding to a plot 9-169 carbon dioxide
API gravity data saturated water properties 5-44
entering for distillation test 7-122 carbon dioxide saturated water
appending an EOS file 5-34 entering property correlations 6-67
saving data in file 9-175
carbon dioxide solubility 5-44
how calculated 5-45
B Cavett correlation 6-55
click and drag
batch data file definition of xvii
definition of 2-16 CO2 saturated water 4-27
batch mode 2-5 component K-value
bibliography xviii, A-205 entering for distillation test 7-120
binary coefficients Component menu
specification of 5-38 Append EOS option 5-34
binary exponents Load EOS option 5-34
defining 5-38 overview of 5-31
binary interaction coefficients System option 5-31
entering for nonlinear regression 6-64, 6-65 User option 5-32
how to define 4-25 Volatile option 5-33
plotting 6-57 components
use in mixing rules 5-38 setting default 5-31
binary interaction coefficients of H2O user-defined 5-32
how to specify for thermal 4-28 volatile 5-33
blend API gravity data composition 4-30
entering for distillation test 7-122 loading from another test 5-33
boiling point temperature saving data in file 9-175
entry in property table 5-37 composition expansion procedure 4-26
plotting 6-57 composition source
bracket molecular weights 6-53 defining 4-27
bubble point pressure 4-26, 7-85 composition specification 4-29
of pseudo components 6-60 composition variation test 4-29
oil-water 7-112 composition variations with depth 4-27
compressibility data
of water, how calculated 5-48 generating table of 9-173
Config menu printing a table of 9-173
Binary Coeff option 4-25, 5-38 retrieving from database 9-173
Composition Sor option 4-27, 6-58 retrieving tabular data 9-174
EOS option 4-24 saving table of 9-173
Heavy option 4-29 saving to a database 9-172
overview of 4-23 data entry
Pseudoization option 4-27 general guidelines 2-7
Regression option 4-27 data file
Run Sequence option 4-29 how to open new 3-20
Run-Time Compos option 4-29 data set
System Info option 4-24 adding descriptive text 4-24
Test Type option 4-25 database file
Thermal option 4-28 definition of 2-17
Water-In-Oil option 4-29 how to open 3-20
confirmation dialog saving 3-20
how to use 2-12 debugging information 8-160
constant composition expansion test 4-29 defaults
constant composition test 7-88 component 5-31
constant volume depletion procedure 4-26, 7-92 density
constant volume depletion test 4-29 laboratory procedures 4-26
Control key combinations xviii liquid 7-81
correlation density correlation 5-45
Cavett 6-55 entering for nonlinear regression 6-67
Edmister 6-56 density units
Kesler-Lee 6-55 use as input in test procedures 7-76
Riazi-Daubert 6-55 derivative calculation
Riedel-Pitzer 6-55 in regression 6-71
use to calculate EOS 6-55 DESKTOP-PVT
Whitson 6-56 batch mode 2-5
critical pressure how to exit 3-21
entry in property table 5-36 Overview 1-1
plotting 6-57 starting the program 2-5
use in heavy fraction 6-56 dew point pressure 7-85
critical temperature of pseudo components 6-60
entry in property table 5-36 differential expansion procedure 4-26
plotting 6-57 differential expansion test 4-29, 7-99
critical z-factor differential liberation test 7-99
entry in property table 5-36 differential vaporization test 7-99
plotting 6-57 Display Window
crude viscosity data description of 2-6
entering for distillation test 7-124 distillate API gravity
cursor movement control xviii entering for distillation test 7-119
distillation curve
entering 7-116
distillation table
D use in heavy fraction 6-56
distillation test 4-26, 7-114
dat file extension 2-16 dtpvt.ini file 3-19, 3-21
liquid enthalpy
of a mixture 7-109 N
liquid water properties 7-111
list entry panel new data file
how to use 2-13, 2-14 how to open 3-20
Lohrenz, Bray and Clark 8-156 Newton-Raphson method 8-156
Lohrenz-Bray-Clark correlation nonlinear regression 6-49
alternatives to 5-42 entering control data 6-70
entering variables for 6-62
package included 1-1
tutorial on 10-183
M nonlinear regression calculation
overview of 6-62
manual non-volumetric observed data 6-71
overview of xv
MB1, MB2, etc.
definition of xvi
Menu Bar O
description of 2-6
menu options observed data
how to select 2-7 use in regression 6-71
mixing rules oil composition
parameters used in 5-38 water-free 7-112
mole fraction Omega A,B
calculation of 6-50 entry in property table 5-36
entering for nonlinear regression 6-64 opening a database file 3-20
entry of 6-52 output
how to specify 4-29 quantity for regression 6-70
plotting 6-57 output file
review in table format 6-60 definition of 2-18
review in tabular format 6-57
mole fraction distribution
entry of 6-52
molecular weight P
calculation of 6-50
entering for distillation test 7-117 Parachor
entry in property table 5-36 entry in property table 5-37
entry of 6-52 Parkinson and De Nevers 5-47
minimum expected in heavy fraction 6-54 Passut-Danner ideal gas state 5-39
plotting 6-57 Pedersen method 8-156
molecular weight boundary Pedersen viscosity correlation
in heavy fraction 6-54 how to specify 5-42
molecular weight interval phase envelope
in heavy fraction 6-54 calculation of 7-136
mouse buttons phase envelope calculation 4-26, 7-104
how to use xvi
multiple contact steam vaporization test
thermal properties for 4-28
multiple contact vaporization test 4-26, 7-102
multistage separator
modeling of 7-130
plotting pseudoization
annotation of plots 9-169 detail discussion/activating 4-27
changing the line color 9-168 overview of 6-58
changing the line style 9-168 regression after
customized title 9-172 tutorial on 10-188
obtaining X, Y plot location data 9-168 tutorial on 10-185
retrieving data 9-173 use in DESKTOP-VIP 1-2
saving data 9-172
selecting lab procedures for 9-162
zooming the plot 9-166
pop-up windows Q
summary of 2-8
PostScript output file quitting DESKTOP-PVT 3-21
definition of 2-18
predictive mode
use in DESKTOP-PVT 1-1
pressure
R
critical of fluids 5-36 reference temperature
pressure units entry in property table 5-37
definition of 5-36 Regres menu
of pseudo components 6-60 Control option 6-70
use as input in test procedures 7-76, 7-77 Limits option 6-69
pressure-volume relations test 7-88 overview of 6-62
printer Variable option 6-62
setting up output 2-18 regression
PRINTER option 2-18 tutorial on 10-183
printing regression function
table of data 9-173 activating 4-27
properties regression variables
specifying for fluids 5-36 entering 6-67
property table how to specify for thermal 4-28
entering for fluids 5-36 setting initial value of 6-69
pseudo components 6-49 regression weight factors
entering data for 6-59 entering for distillation test 7-120
entering number and name 6-58 Reid, Prausnitz and Sherwood 8-156
specifying for heavy fractions 6-53 Report menu
Pseudo function GetGraph option 2-17, 9-173
overview 6-49 GetTable option 9-174
Pseudo menu Graphics option 9-162
Append EOS option 6-61 GraTitle option 9-172
Calculate option 6-58, 6-60 overview of 9-161
overview of 6-58 PrtTable 9-173
Parameter option 6-59 PrtTable option 2-18
Pseudo Name option 6-58 SaveCO2T option 9-175
Replace EOS option 6-61 SaveEOS option 9-174
Review option 6-60 SaveKval option 9-174
Save EOS option 6-60 SaveVisc option 9-175
pseudo-critical temperature SaveZgrd option 9-175
entering for nonlinear regression 6-66 SavGraph option 2-17, 9-172
SavTable option 9-173
Table option 2-18, 9-173
Test menu
Cnst Composition option 7-88 V
Cnst Volume option 7-92
Density option 7-81 vapor pressure 4-26, 7-83
Differential option 7-99 vaporization test 4-26
Distillation option 7-114 VIPPOST variable 2-18
Gas Enthalpy option 7-107 VIPPSOUT variable 2-18
Liquid Enthalpy option 7-109 VIP-THERM
Multi-Contact option 7-102 activating Thermal option in PVT 4-28
overview of 7-73 defining volatile components 5-33
Phas Envlop option 7-104 water-in-oil option for 4-29
Phas Envlop/Full option 7-136 viscosity 4-26
Sat Pressure option 7-85 entering for nonlinear regression 6-65
Sat Pressure/H20 option 7-112 of fluid mixture 7-87
Separator/No Reg option 7-130 of water,calculation of 5-48
Separator/Reg option 7-132 regression tutorial 10-190
Steam Distillation option 7-127 saving data in file 9-175
Steam Vaporizatn option 7-145 viscosity correlation 8-156
Swelling option 7-97 specifying 5-42
Vapor Pressure option 7-83 use in pseudoization 6-58
Viscosity option 7-87 viscosity data
Water Property option 7-111 entering for distillation test 7-123
Z-Factor option 7-79 volume shift parameter
ZGRAD option 7-137 entering for nonlinear regression 6-64
test procedures entry in property table 5-37
specifying the type of 4-25 how computed 5-38
text plotting 6-57
adding to a plot 9-169 use in heavy fraction 6-56
text-entry window
how to use 2-9
thermal option
how to activate 4-28 W
title
customizing for a plot 9-172 water compressibility
tutorials how calculated 5-48
fluid characterization 10-179 water formation volume factor 5-45
heavy ends characterization 10-177 water properties 4-26, 7-111
nonlinear regression 10-183 water viscosity
overview of 10-177 how calculated 5-48
pseudoization 10-185 water-free oil composition 7-112
regression after pseudoization 10-188 water-in-oil option
regression on viscosity data 10-190 how to activate 4-29
Twu viscosity correlation 8-156 Watson characterization factor
for heavy fraction 6-54
use of 6-51
weight factor
U use as input in test procedures 7-77
weight fraction
unpseudoized fluid compositions entry of 6-52
how to specify 4-29 plotting 6-57
user-defined components 5-32 Whitson correlation 6-56
Z
z-factor 7-79
critical 5-36
plotting 6-57
zoom
plots 9-166