Академический Документы
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Культура Документы
1839- 1904
A- Introduction
B- Analyses
C- Biography
A- Introduction:
Renewal in poetry is not by any means does mean neglecting the classic poetry
or debasing its values but it is either rephrasing or polishing the classic poetry so
that it would be a shiny picture however to keeps pace with the modern era.
The renaissance in modern Arabic poetry began at the beginning of the ninetieth
century, the era of knowledge movement, the time of new discoveries and
innovations, the era when the Arabic man for the first time asked for liberation in
thoughts as well as to escort closely to the development in sciences and
technology of the world. In one word, it did begin at the end stage of the Ottoman
Empire's ascendancy on Arab region.
The eco factor, no doubt has seriously impacts on the poet and for instance, the
nomadic person does not versify poetry as the civilian one versifies, and likewise
the farmer perhaps his poetry slightly differs from the poetry of the universal
student.
No doubt, the farmer will talk about the tools of the tillage or about the crops, and
the student perhaps talks about the pen and his girl friend, and it maybe the
farmer knows for example the different names of the natural herbs that the
student is hardly acquainted with.
Far away from the above examples, of course Arabs before the ninetieth or the
eighteenth century do not see or have been acquainted with the new technology
and manufactures such as car, train, computer and airplane.
Before the Islamic initial era and after Islamic era the Abbasids dynasty and the
Umayyad dynasty, Arabs have simple life, living in desert and most of them are
nomadic people, thus most of their poetry talking about their simple live; the
desert, the sword, the camel and so on.
In addition, as Arab tradition of honour, wisdom, superiority, the poet might not
rebel about his normal tradition so we notably can touch these individualities
through his poems, such as the honour, the honesty, the courage, guarding of a
refugee, honoring and offering a good hospitality for the guests and so on.
Poets of pre Islam or the "pagan era" for example normally have been influenced
to start their poems by stopping near the ruins of their beloved, however to
express their emotions honestly and on loyalty perhaps to allow the senses and
images rolling over the poem giving the poet a secret power of extent.
This traditional property of preceding the poem by two verses or more focusing
on beloved ruins as well as crying and stopping near, is now out of the tradition of
contemporary poets.
Although many researches and critics discussed lengthily this matter but I want to
shorten it in a few details.
1- To revive poetry this by no means does mean neglecting or canceling the roles
and the origins of the classic poetry but otherwise transfer or rebirth the classic
poetry to go a long with the modern era.
Al-Barudi for example used the word train instead of camel as the camel was
considered the only device of traveling at the old time.
4- Al- Barudi mainly borrowed many figurative of speech from the well -known
classical poems belonged to the Abbasid era or the Umayyad era, in addition, he
was enough successful in rephrasing the old poetry to be in a new dress and this
compatibility between the old and the new is accounted to him.
C- Biography
He is the major general al- Barudi, the poet who is descended from an old
Circassian family of influence lived at Damanhur and was responsible to impose
and collect tributes from people who inhabited there.
Al-Barudi grew up among a family of wealth and of a society position whereas his
father also was a major general in the Egyptian military, took charge of as a
governor of Barber and Dancalah cities in Sudan, and died there when his son
Mahmud was in his seventh years old.
His study:
Al-Barudi got his first education into learning, reading and writing, memorizing the
Holy Quran, learning the principles of Arabic grammar, learning some of Sharia
rules, history and arithmetic until he completed his primary school at 1851 then
the secondary then he entered the military academy when he was at a twelve
years age.
He was graduated from the academy at 1855 as a chef sergeant and served
directly in the Sultanic military.
His soul was yearning to the poetry from the earlier period of his education.
After a period of graduation as a low officer, the government appointed him at the
Foreign Ministry and in 1858 he traveled for Istanbul and there he was
acquainted with the Turkish and the Persian languages, moreover, he learned
some of the world literature.
His familiarity with languages helped him to charge of the responsibility of the
secretary of the Foreign Affairs of his country at Turkey and he remained there
until 1863.
When al- Khedive Ismail ascended the viceroy's throng of Ottoman Empire in
Egypt, he assigned al-Barudi into his retinues.
Al-Barudi felt that his new duty in the divan of government was an annoying job
and when he felt that his soul still long for the military so he did many attempts
and lastly was succeeded to return for military at 1863.
In the midst of the fierce war there, some of verses slipped out of his tongue
describing the battles he fought in, a poem, which is considered one of the poet's
wonderful still forever poems, which its opening is:
Al-Barudi transferred from one job to another into the al-Khedive's government
then he returned for military, and when the war between the Ottoman Empire and
Russia broke out, the Egypt government sent him as one of the leaders of its
campaign.
After al-Barudi showed his bravery in the mentioned battles, he was blessing with
a sublime badge of honour and the rank of major general.
Al-Barudi was one of the champions of the successful- revolution against al-
Khedive Tawfiq that held by Ahmad Urabi and here at this occasion he held over
the charge of Prime -Minster until May 1882 when he was excelled with the other
revolutionists to Colombo city in Serendib Island- (Sri Lanka), and he stayed
banished there until 1899.
In his exile place, he said many homesick poems describing his pain, his misery,
his indescribable yearning and torture to his family and to his country, moreover
his wife was died still he was imprisoned, and he met the edge of torture when
his health became worst after his sixty years old.
When he was delivered out of exiling place, his glamorous delight was incredible
and he chanted the "Chant of Return".
Many of Al-Barudi poems concretely tell us about his misery condition and his
homesick to his country after he was exiled to Serendib, and his condition
became worst especially when the news came informing him the death of his wife
and his larger son Ali, while he was still at his exile place.
Poem 1:
He said this poem when he was still imprisoned in Serendib describing his
unendurable pain as he was in a cut off relation with any friend or family, it
explains his dark view of a complainant, briefly to say, that he was jailed between
four closed walls.
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Poem 2
This poem also has been said at a prison disclosing the homesickness and the
deep passionate soul of the poet when he got tortured suffering from an
unhealthy condition.
Alas, the separation extends over until his last breath is faded.
A deep pining sorrow eats me from down
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Poem 3:
This is in erotic poetry, in some verses of this poem, he imitated the ancient
traditional poetry and as I think, he borrowed the dialectic soul of some verses of
a certain old poem.
They said he fell in love with another one to avoid his painful hurt
The saddest pain will never come out the affectionate heart
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Poem 4:
This poem also was said at his exile place explaining the misery and the
sufferance of poet's soul. It dose disclose his visionary profound soul which
almost is yearning to catch a ray of hope.
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Poem 5:
They cast out their jewels after their mother got dead.
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Poem 6:
This poem also was said in homesickness after al-Barudi departure of his country
to be one of the participant leaders who took part with the Ottoman Empire into
its battles with the Russian and especially at Bulgaria region.
The last verses of the poem, which dealt with the description of nation, I do not
translate them.
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