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TITLE PAGE
I. Introduction 3
II. Background 9
Drinking water is one of the basic needs of the general public. Manila
Water Company Inc, as a water company which provides water to the East Zone
of Metro Manila, commits itself not only in providing a 24-hour water supply
and adequate pressure, but also in maintaining high quality of water that it
sampling points and certain tests are defined based on the source of water.
Samples from the water treatment plants are being submitted daily to the
laboratory for the testing of other parameters. Several sampling points from the
this quality control may not be enough to assure the quality of water before it
leaves the treatment plants, or when water are retained in reservoirs. Certain
chlorinators in the treatment plants highly affect the quality of water being
distributed to the customers. These incidents, however unlikely, may lead to the
requirements.
approach to all the steps in a water supply chain from catchment to consumer.
present in the water to a level that meets water quality targets, and
potable water.
which is a tool in the improvement of existing water quality monitoring all over
maintain high level of water quality from the supply source down to the
distribution system.
OPERATIONS GROUP
DIRECTOR
Water Safety Plan - OIC
on the following:
Reservoirs/Pumping Stations
Distribution System
2. Risk Assessment
control measures
personnel/area
fails
responsible person/area/department
Safety Plan
Before privatization, Metro Manilas access to water was very limited. In fact,
only 26% of the total population had access to 24-hour supply of potable
water, leaving the rest of the east zone with only a few hours or no access to
which had to buy vended water for private water vendors at such exorbitant
cost.
System loss or non-revenue water was very high at 63%. These losses
could be attributed to the age-old pipe system that was inherited from
contributed much to the high unaccounted-for water. This was one of the
booster pumps have aggravated the worse water quality situation at the start
of operations.
water supply coverage to over 6.1 million residents from only 3.1 million in
1997 in the East Concessionaire Area. The East Concessionaire Area includes
City, cities and municipalities of San Juan, Rizal, Taguig and Pateros, and
some parts of Manila. Having a water network of more than 3,000 kilometers,
facilities with a total capacity of 1660 million liters per day (MLD).
major source of water for Metro Manila. The water abstracted from it is
Inc.).
The Angat Reservoir and Dam are located at the Angat River in San
to 1967 and have been operational since 1968. They have multi-purpose
functions:
terrain in a westerly direction to the dam site. The elevation within the
Mountain range and is lowest at the dam site at 100 meters. It has three
major tributaries, namely, the Talaguio, Catmon and Matulid Rivers. The
three gates at a spilling level of 219 meters. Its storage capacity is about
850 million cubic meters. Water supply to the MWSS is released through
five auxiliary turbines where it is diverted to the two tunnels going to the
Ipo Dam.
The Ipo Dam is a gravity concrete dam located about 7.5 kilometers
downstream of the Angat Dam near its confluence with the Ipo River in
liters per day (MLD) from the old Ipo Dam, which used to be located 200
The spill level of the dam is at an elevation of 101 meters and it has
Tributaries to the Angat River at this section include the Ipo, Sapa Pako
and Sapa Anginon Rivers. These tributaries drain into the Angat River
Water from the dam is diverted to the Novaliches Portal and the La
City. It was first erected in 1929 and then further raised in 1959 to a
millimeters.
From the Angat Dam, water flows through two concrete diversion
tunnels down to the Ipo Dam. The Ipo Dam serves as an intermediate
intake and water is then conveyed through three intake structures at the
length of 6,400 meters each and have a capacity of 760 MLD and 1,890
MLD, respectively. Tunnel 3 is about 6,100 meters long and has a capacity
of 2,000 MLD.
Water from the three tunnels flows to three settling basins in Bicti,
Aqueduct No. 4 is about 1,650 meters long and each comprises multiple
tunnel segments interconnected with parallel dual pipe siphons and have
have a capacity of 1,250 MLD and 2,000 MLD, respectively. The five
Novaliches Portal.
three open channels going to La Mesa Treatment Plants 1 and 2 and the
Balara Treatment Plant. The rest of the water goes directly to the La Mesa
Dam. The La Mesa Dam has three intake structures, with three connecting
aqueducts to the Balara Treatment Plant ranging from 7,500 and 6,700
meters long. Both Aqueduct Nos. 1 and 2 have the same capacity of 565
connected at the Novaliches Portal and has the same capacity as the said
No. 2 while the water from Aqueduct No. 1 goes to Balara Treatment
Aqueduct No. 1. This bypass is operated when the La Mesa level falls
instead of to the dam to prevent further water losses at the dam due to
the ogee crest diverts stream flows through an aqueduct going to the La
Mesa Dam. The aqueduct is about 2,000 meters long and has a capacity of
380 MLD.
B-1 Coagulation/Flocculation
adhesion of individual particles into flocs that settle more easily. This is
of Alum depends on the turbidity level of the raw water. Jar tests are
while BTP2 has nine flocculators per basin. Detention time is 20 minutes.
Balara Treatment Plant No. 2 has 12 basins, each of which has a capacity
of 120 MLD. Balara Treatment Plant No. 1, meanwhile, has two basins
B- 2 Sedimentation
The flocs are made to settle down in the sedimentation basin and
velocity of the water and adopting a chemical dosage which has a greater
settling rate than the designed overflow rate of the basin. Retention time
B-3 Filtration
layers of graded sand and anthracite to screen out all foreign particles
around 20 minutes.
BTP1 has ten (10) gravity multi-media filters while BTP2 has
twenty (20) gravity multi-media filters. Each bed, has an area of 162 sq m.
The filter bed is composed of two media, sand of 250 mm in height and
gravel.
in or on the filter media. To ensure the efficiency of the filter bed, clogged
day for each filter bed unless a need arises. Wash water is delivered by
gravity from an elevated storage tank, and waste wash water is drained to
a wash water recovery tank where the recovered supernatant water can be
sludge from the wash waster recovery tank undergo treatment before
for 3 hours, for the sludge to settle producing a clear fluid at the top.
dewatered and thickened to a final dry solid. Water separated from the
belt press returns to the wash water recovery tank while the dry solids, or
cake, will be laid in drying beds, accessible for hauling trucks. Cakes are
B-4 Disinfection
applied just before the filters as a filter aid with a dose of 0.3 mg/L. Post-
Some parts of the concession area of Manila Water Company have not
yet been reached by surface water coming from the Balara Treatment Plants 1
and 2, thus a treatment plant which draws water from the Marikina River in
Brgy. San Rafael, Rodriguez, Rizal was constructed and is now operational
the chemical treatment plant. A Turbidity sensor and flow meter is in place to
measure the turbidity and incoming flow rate of the water. Water is mixed
convert the colloidal and fine solids into fine flocs. Then these flocs will
these fine flocs to stable and bigger flocs for good separations. The Alum and
polymer are automatically fed into the system by each dosing system by
synchronizing them to the raw water transfer pump operation. Quality of raw
water varies greatly from time to time over the course of the year, which then
particles with the clear water. The solids will be settled at the sludge well at
clarifier. The retention time in the LPC is around 30 minutes. The sludge will
be dewatered at the dewatering system. The clear water will now be treated
in each of the 4 units of gravity polishing filter, which contains the following
filter media: activated carbon, anthracite and silica sand. This is to remove
any solids that are still present, odor and taste of the treated water and the
filtrate is free of turbidity with 0 to 5 NTU. The filtered water will now be
and will be discharged to the treated storage holding tank and ready for
water use.
Some areas within the Concession Zone are still not reached by the
compensate for this, several Ground Water Wells are still operational and are
due to the conversion of supply from ground water to surface water coming
from the Balara treatment plants. Majority of these wells is now regarded as
being on stand-by, and these wells are regularly maintained to ensure their
Raw water from most of the ground water wells undergoes only one
residual, before it goes to the distribution system. Due to the varying quality
Taytay Rizal, and Jala-Jala Rizal, the need for additional treatment other than
High Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) with a range of 700 mg/L to 1500
Standards for Drinking Water. Both of these plants utilize the same
water before the water is made to pass through the reverse osmosis
manganese and also to avoid microbial growth in the media during the
odor and taste, birm sand or manganese greensand to reduce the level of
iron and manganese, and silica sand, to remove other suspended particles
sulfate salts (Calcium and Barium sulfate) and silica oxide and to prevent
injection treated water will pass through a five micron filter prior to RO
five microns. The water is then made to undergo the reverse osmosis
process.
Water passes through the membrane while the dissolved and particulate
forced through the membrane from the concentrated side to the dilute
from the reverse osmosis system. The treated water will then undergo
post chlorination to ensure that the residual chlorine of the water going to
the distribution system reaches the minimum of 0.3 ppm. The post-
Curayao Ground water, with its high level of iron and manganese
which affects the aesthetic value of the water distributed to the customers
decrease these high levels of iron and manganese. The filter vessel is filled
with chlorine before the water is made to pass through the specialized filter
vessels. The treated water is then dosed with sufficient chlorine to sustain
7.
SAN RAFAEL
Brgy San Rafael MITSUBISHI 900 Rodriguez,
PS AND 2007 10 1 ML 4 - 100HP
Montalban KW Rizal
RESERVOIR
Balara
Compound 1-125 HP
1-750 KW NONE
UP PUMPS 2004 near Filter 1, 12 1- 100 HP UP COMPOUND
CUMMINS
Balara, Quezon 1-75 HP
City
steel (SP), cast iron (CI), ductile iron (DI), asbestos cement
250 mm with material types of steel (SP), cast iron (CI), ductile
required.
VALENZUELA
CALOOCAN CITY
LAS PINAS
Using the process description, the team was able to identify potential
hazardous events for the different processes involved in the water supply system.
The hazardous events were classified according to their likelihood and severity
Rank
SEVERITY DESCRIPTION
level of the hazardous event is obtained by multiplying the values for likelihood
Rank
RISK LEVEL DESCRIPTION
17-25
Extreme Extreme Risk. Immediate action required
11-16
High High Risk. Management attention needed
Medium Risk. Management responsibility must 5-10
Medium
be specified.
1-4
Low Low risk. Manage by routine procedures.
Existing control measures are then identified for each hazardous event. A
HAZARDOUS EVENT /
CONTROL / PREVENTIVE
PROCESS CAUSE OF LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY RISK LIKELIHOOD SEVERITY RISK
MEASURE
CONTAMINATION
2 Existing animals in
Catchment which may lead to
4 3 12 Biodiversity Conservation 2 3 6
increase in contaminants level
- organic compounds
Catchment
3 Human recreational activities
Restrict/limit to watershed
which may increase the 4 4 16 2 3 6
activities only
contaminants
Erosion
control/reforestation/preve
4 High Manganese and Iron
3 3 9 nt water abstraction on the 1 3 3
levels due to erosion
deeper-dead zones of
reservoir
Construct WW Treatment
6 Intrusion of wastewater from
5 4 20 Plants/Divert wastewater 1 4 4
home dwellings
downfall
Adjustment of pH through
3 High/Low pH 2 3 6 1 3 3
the use of lime or acid
Maintain minimum of 1
mg/L free chlorine residual
7 Clogging 5 3 15 at all times, use of spare 2 3 6
and standby dosing
Primary system
Disinfectio
8 Contaminated chlorine may be Chlorine supply is checked
n using
added
2 3 6
randomly for purity
1 3 3
liquid
chlorine
Regular checking of
9 Leaks 3 3 9 1 3 3
chlorinator
16
Incorrect setting 3 2 6 Follow a standard setting 1 2 2
Flocculation
Preventive Maintenance
17 Break-down of equipment 4 4 16 Availability of critical 2 4 8
spares
21 Chlorine flowmeter
maladjustment (due to Maintain minimum of 1
pressure changes in mg/L free chlorine residual
Final
vacuum ejector or power 4 4 16 at all times, use of spare 1 4 4
Disinfection
interruptions) causing and standby dosing
underdose / overdose on system
filtered water
Maintain minimum of 1
mg/L free chlorine residual
8 Clogging 4 3 12 at all times, use of spare 2 3 6
and standby dosing
system
Random checking of all
Primary Contaminated chlorine may the specifications of the
Disinfection 9 4 3 12 2 3 6
be added supplied chemicals
using liquid quarterly
chlorine
Regular checking of
10 Leaks 4 3 12 2 3 6
chlorinator
Follow a standard
recommended dose based
15 Overdose / Underdose of on raw water quality
4 3 12 2 3 6
Addition of chemicals (turbidity, pH),
Coagulant / automation and
Flocculant flowmeters
16 Mixing of Chemicals with
Defined system for each
other possible 4 3 12 2 3 6
chemicals
contamination
Chlorine flowmeter
22
maladjustment (due to Maintain minimum of 1
pressure changes in mg/L free chlorine residual
Final
vacuum ejector or power 3 4 12 at all times, use of spare 1 4 4
Disinfection
interruptions) causing and standby dosing
underdose / overdose on system
filtered water
Follow a standard
recommended dose
23 Overdose / Underdose of based on raw water
4 3 12 2 3 6
chemicals quality (turbidity, pH),
automation and
flowmeters
24 Mixing of Chemicals with
Defined system for each
other possible 2 3 6 2 3 6
chemicals
Addition of contamination
Coagulant
Follow a standard
25 Incorrect setting 5 2 10 2 2 4
setting
Preventive Maintenance
26 Break-down of equipment 5 4 20 Availability of critical 1 4 4
spares
Follow a standard
recommended dose based
Water on raw water quality
Discharge to 28 Water quality failure 5 5 25 (turbidity, pH), 2 3 6
environment automation and
flowmeters
Quality monitoring
Adjustment of pH through
3 High / Low pH 3 2 2 1 2 3
the use of lime or acid
Maintain minimum of 1
mg/L free chlorine residual
7 Clogging 5 4 20 2 4 8
at all times, use of spare
and standby dosing system
Primary
Disinfection
using Contaminated chlorine Chlorine supply is checked
Calcium 8 4 3 12 2 3 6
may be added randomly for purity
Hypochlorite
Daily checking of
9 Leaks 4 3 12 1 3 3
chlorinator
Preventive Maintenance
16 Leak in the loop flocculator,
Flocculation 3 4 12 Availability of critical 1 4 4
burst of flocculator
spares
Chlorine flowmeter
20
maladjustment (due to Maintain minimum of 1
pressure changes in mg/L free chlorine residual
Final
vacuum ejector or power 4 4 16 at all times, use of spare 1 4 4
Disinfection
interruptions) causing and standby dosing
underdose / overdose on system
filtered water
Contaminated surface
1
water may enter the
Proper wellhead
borehole which may be 3 4 12 1 3 3
completion
caused by poor wellhead
completion
Land-use control in
4 Agricultural pollution 3 4 12 coordination with 1 3 3
government offices
Regular checking of
5 Old materials of pump may materials of pump to
3 2 6 1 2 2
contaminate water determine the proper time
for replacement/ repair
Pathogens from hospital
6 Locate ground water
wastes may contaminate
sources away from
groundwater which may be 2 5 10 1 3 3
hospitals and disposal
caused by poor disposal of
sites.
Intake hospital waste
8 Groundwater contains
naturally occurring Regular checking of
3 3 9 2 3 6
chemicals which may be possible contaminants
present at toxic levels
Maintain minimum of 1
3 Ineffective chlorination due
mg/L free chlorine residual
to leaks in buried chlorine 3 3 9 1 3 3
at all times in the treated
feeder line
Pre and post tank
chlorination
Maintain minimum of 1
No residual chlorine at the mg/L free chlorine residual
4
treated water due to 4 4 16 at all times, use of spare 1 4 4
clogging and standby dosing
system
Regular checking of
5 Low residual chlorine at the
3 3 9 chlorinator and chlorine 2 3 6
treated water due to leaks
lines
Filter vessel
9 Level of filter media
deteriorates, below the
3 3 9 Effective backwashing 1 3 3
ideal level for proper
filtration
Duplicate facilities
1 Break-down of equipment 3 4 12 (dosing pumps and 1 3 3
lines)
Maintain minimum of 1
3 Ineffective chlorination due
mg/L free chlorine
to leaks in buried chlorine 2 4 8 1 3 3
residual at all times in
Pre and post feeder line
the treated tank
chlorination
Maintain minimum of 1
4 No residual chlorine at the mg/L free chlorine
treated water due to 3 4 12 residual at all times, use 1 3 3
clogging of spare and standby
dosing system
Regular checking of
5 Low residual chlorine at the
2 3 6 chlorinator and chlorine 2 3 6
treated water due to leaks
lines
Filter vessel
5 Suspension of settled
Flushing and draining of
suspended particles due to 4 3 12 1 3 3
reservoir
turbulence
Regular maintenance/
Cleaning /Declogging of
7 Clogging of Chlorine
5 4 20 injection Points; Pre- 1 4 4
Injection Pumps
settling of chlorine
Chlorination solution before injection
System
Spare, standby
equipment (chlorinators,
8 Break-down of equipment 3 4 12 1 4 4
service water pumps,
dosing lines)
1 Interrupted Water
production due to
Regular run of Gensets;
Breakdown of Gensets
3 4 12 Regular maintenance of 1 4 4
during Power Interruption
Gensets
which may cause high
turbidity
Determination of pipe
5 Intrusion of contaminants location, age, quality; pipe
Distribution in breakages of unknown 3 2 6 replacement if needed; 2 1 2
Network lines Water quality monitoring
(e.g. Residual chlorine)
6 Interrupted Water
production due to
Regular run of Gensets;
Breakdown of Gensets
3 4 12 Regular maintenance of 1 3 3
during Power Interruption
Gensets
which may cause high
turbidity
Determination of pipe
10 Intrusion of contaminants location, age, quality; pipe
in breakages of unknown 3 4 12 replacement if needed; 1 2 2
lines Water quality monitoring
(e.g. Residual chlorine)
Adequate flushing
Distribution 11 Intrusion of contaminants velocities to purge
Network during storage before pipes 2 3 6 contaminants; Water 1 2 2
is installed quality monitoring (e.g.
Residual chlorine)
Adequate flushing
velocities to purge
12 Trench dirt gets into the
3 4 12 contaminants; Water 1 2 2
pipe during installation
quality monitoring (e.g.
Residual chlorine)
Equipments of Contractor
17
remain inside the pipes Practice of Good
5 3 15 2 2 4
even after the pipe housekeeping
installation
Intrusion of contaminants
due to a)undetermined
valve settings
Distribution 23 b) Stuck valves 3 3 9 Regular valve exercise 1 2 2
Network c) Old valves still not
within standard
d)Overlaid Valves
After the risk assessment of the identified hazardous waste, critical limits are
identified. A critical limit is defined as the criterion that indicates whether the
control measure is functioning as designed. How these critical limits are monitored
Having defined the critical limits and the monitoring system, the team then
creates lists of possible corrective actions. Corrective actions, which are defined as
the actions to be taken when the results of monitoring indicate a deviation from a
critical limit, are supposed to be immediately executed if the critical limits are
reached. Some of the identified risks have either no existing corrective actions, or
have corrective actions that are not fail-safe. Therefore, for these risks, long term
Watershed Watershed
Management Management
Relocation of IV-A
Community of Illegal Section in Section in
None Census updating ID system illegal #5
settlers coordination coordination
Catchment settlers p. 50
with MWSS and with MWSS and
LGUs LGUs
Inform
treatment
Nitrates above Set-up of
Intrusion of Laboratory plants of IV-A
30 mg/L, high water quality Wastewater Program
wastewater from Services increase in #6
level of monitoring treatment Management
home dwellings Department chlorine dose to p. 50
ammonia plant
compensate for
ammonia levels
Online
monitoring of
Increase dose
Soil run off into the Raw water Slope
of coagulant if IV B-1
raw water resulting Turbidity > 20 turbidity(Alert Protection Headworks
Plant Manager necessary, shut #1
to high turbidity and NTU mode when using Manager
Entry point down if p. 51
other contaminants maximum concrete wall
of Raw uncontrollable
turbidity is
Water to reached)
Treatment
Plant
Addition of
Sulfuric Acid IV B-1
pH between 6.5 Online
High/Low pH Plant Manager or Sodium n/a n/a #3
to 8.5 Monitoring of PH
Hydroxide for p. 51
pH adjustment
No zero
dosing. Online
Chlorine monitoring, Repair / IV B-1
Break-down of Shift engineer/
concentration is Hourly manual Direct feeding replacement Facility Manager #4
equipment operator
not to record monitoring Log of equipment p. 51
zero for > 10 sheet intact
minutes
Primary
Disinfection - Emergency
using liquid deployment of
Alarm sounds off IV B-1
chlorine No power for back-up
Power failure when power is RMS n/a n/a #5
30 minutes generator
down p. 51
- Direct
Feeding
Clogged
Immediate
At least 0.80 Online/hourly chlorinator IV B-1
replacement of
Clogging ppm of monitoring of Plant Manager will undergo Facility Manager #7
chlorinator
chlorine residual chlorine repair or p. 52
with spare
replacement
Online
monitoring of
Raw water
Extremely high Check and IV B-1
turbidity (Alert
Incorrect setting turbidity, Plant Manager change to n/a n/a #16
mode when
floating flocs proper setting p. 54
maximum
turbidity is
reached)
Flocculation Online
monitoring of
Raw water
Extremely high turbidity (Alert Use of Repair / IV B-1
Break-down of
turbidity, mode when Plant Manager spare/standby replacement Facility Manager #17
equipment
floating flocs maximum systems of equipment p. 54
turbidity is
reached), carry-
over if solids
Temporarily
sludge Stopping Facility IV B-1
Sedimentation Sludge formation 1/3 of basin monitoring Plant manager Operation and Upgrade Manager/Headw #18
equipment removal of orks p. 54
sludge
IV B-1
Floating leaves or Excessive Regular site visit Manual cleaning
Sedimentation Plant operator n/a n/a #19
other matters amount and observation and screens
p. 54
Online
monitoring of
Raw water Stop operation
IV B-1
turbidity(Alert of filter bed and
Filter beds Breakthrough >2ntu Plant manager Upgrade Facility Manager #20
mode when perform
p. 54
maximum backwash
turbidity is
reached)
Online
monitoring of
Increase dose
Soil run off into the Raw water Slope
of coagulant if IV B-2
raw water resulting Turbidity > 20 turbidity(Alert Headworks Protection Headworks
necessary, shut #1
to high turbidity and NTU mode when Manager using Manager
down if p.55
other contaminants maximum concrete wall
uncontrollable
turbidity is
reached)
Immediate
Entry point of Abundance of Algae application of
Raw Water to in Raw water which Weekly analysis Plant copper sulfate IV B-2
Treatment Plant could impart color Algae Count <
of algae count of Manager/Labora at dams n/a n/a #2
10
and taste and may raw water tory Services (Lamesa); p.55
affect operations increase in
chlorine dose
Addition of
Online Sulfuric Acid IV B-2
pH between 6.5
High / Low pH Monitoring of Plant Manager or Sodium n/a n/a #3
to 8.5
PH Hydroxide for p.55
pH adjustment
No zero
dosing. Online
Chlorine monitoring, Repair / IV B-2
Break-down of Shift engineer/
concentration is Hourly manual Direct feeding replacement Facility Manager #5
equipment operator
not to record monitoring Log of equipment p.55
zero for > 10 sheet intact
minutes
- Emergency
deployment of
IV B-2
no power for 30 back-up
Primary Power failure RMS n/a n/a #6
minutes generator
Disinfection p.55
- Direct
using liquid
Feeding
chlorine
Ineffective Exposure and
0.80 ppm of Free chlorine IV B-2
chlorination due to Direct feeding replacement
chlorine, <1 residual, FM Facility Manager #7
leaks in buried of chlorine of chlorine
NTU, ph 6.5-7 turbidity, pH p.55
chlorine feeder line feeder line
clogged
immediate
At least 0.80 Online/hourly chlorinator IV B-2
replacement of
Clogging ppm of monitoring of Plant Manager will undergo Facility Manager #8
chlorinator
chlorine residual chlorine repair or p.56
with spare
replacement
Establish and
implement a
Immediate
procedure
replacement of
Critical stating the
Contaminated Plant Manager / chlorine Facility Manager IV B-2
parameters are Random analysis regular
chlorine may be Laboratory supply which / Laboratory #9
still to be of chlorine monitoring
added Services is checked for Services p.56
defined and checking
purity before
of chlorine
installation
before
Primary acceptance
Disinfection
using liquid Site visit and
chlorine observation -
IV B-2
0.80 ppm of monthly Replenishing
Leaks Plant Manager Use of spare Plant manager #10
chlorine checklist, hourly of filter media
p.56
monitoring of
residual chlorine
Schedule of
0.80 ppm of Site visit and IV B-2
Total replacement
Rusted Pipe Fitting chlorine, <1 observation - Plant Manager Plant manager #11
replacement of micro-filter
NTU, ph 6.5-7 monthly checklist p.56
media
Use of spare
Primary Residual
Uncontrolled Dosing Residual chlorine chlorinator IV B-2
Disinfection Chlorine within
Due to Direct monitoring every Plant Manager None with easier n/a #12
using liquid the range 0.8 to
Feeding 15 minutes feeding p.56
chlorine 1 ppm only
scheme
Establish a
program to
randomly
Contaminated Compare Replacement check all the Plant Manager IV B-2
Central
chemicals may be results with Chemical testing of Supplied specifications with laboratory #13
laboratory
added specification Chemicals of the Services p.56
supplied
Addition of
chemicals
Coagulant/Fl
quarterly
occulant
High turbidity
in Online
Use of IV B-2
Break-down of sedimentation monitoring of
FM spare/standby n/a n/a #14
equipment basins, no water after
systems p.56
formation of coagulation
flocs
For Alum,
maximum Daily samples are Advise
residual alum sent to customers not Installation of
Overdose / IV B-2
is 0.2 ppm, laboratory, to drink water Flow Meter
Underdose of Plant Manager Plant Manager #15
turbidity <3 hourly until levels are for Accurate
chemicals p.57
after monitoring of within dosing
Addition of sedimentation turbidity standard
Coagulant / basin
Flocculant
Establish a
program to
Mixing of Chemicals check the Plant Manager IV B-2
with other possible None None None None possible with laboratory #16
contamination contaminatio Services p.57
n of treatment
chemicals
Online
monitoring of
Raw water
IV B-2
Extremely high turbidity (Alert
Flocculation Incorrect setting Plant Manager None None None #17
turbidity mode when
p.57
maximum
turbidity is
reached)
Online
monitoring of
Raw water Stop operation
IV B-2
turbidity (Alert of filter bed
Filter beds Breakthrough >2 NTU Plant manager Upgrade Facility Manager #21
mode when and perform
p.58
maximum backwash
turbidity is
reached)
Pressure at
least 20 psi,
Real time
Overdose / residual IV B-3
Addition of monitoring of Setting
Underdose of chlorine at least Plant Operator Automation Facility Manager #23
coagulants flowrate and adjustment
chemicals 0.5 ppm, p.59
dosing
turbidity less
than 3 NTU
Online
monitoring of Shut down of
Soil run off into the Raw water Stop Operation. treatment
IV B-4
raw water resulting Turbidity > 900 turbidity(Alert Use of plant and use Water Supply
Plant Manager #1
to high turbidity and NTU mode when alternative of more Department
p.61
Entry point other contaminants maximum source stable
of Raw Water turbidity is sources
to Treatment reached)
Plant
Addition of
Sulfuric Acid IV B-4
pH between 6.5 Regular
High/Low pH Plant Manager or Sodium n/a n/a #3
to 8.5 Monitoring of PH
Hydroxide for p.61
pH adjustment
No zero
dosing. Online
Primary
Chlorine monitoring, Repair / IV B-4
Disinfection Break-down of Shift engineer/
concentration is Hourly manual Direct feeding replacement Facility Manager #4
using liquid equipment Operator
not to record monitoring Log of equipment p.61
chlorine
zero for > 10 sheet intact
minutes
- Emergency
deployment of
Alarm sounds off IV B-4
No power for back-up
Power failure when power is RMS n/a n/a #5
30 minutes generator
down p.61
- Direct
Feeding
Clogged
Immediate
At least 0.80 Online/hourly chlorinator IV B-4
replacement of
Clogging ppm of monitoring of Plant Manager will undergo Facility Manager #7
chlorinator
chlorine residual chlorine repair or p.62
with spare
replacement
Establish and
implement a
Immediate
procedure
replacement of
Critical stating the
Contaminated Plant Manager chlorine supply Facility Manager IV B-4
parameters are Random analysis regular
chlorine may be / Laboratory which is / Laboratory #8
still to be of chlorine monitoring
added Services checked for Services p.62
defined and checking
purity before
of chlorine
installation
before
Primary acceptance
Disinfection Site visit and
using liquid observation -
chlorine IV B-4
0.80 ppm of monthly
Leaks Plant Manager Use of spare Leak Repair Facility Manager #9
chlorine checklist, hourly
p.62
monitoring of
residual chlorine
High turbidity
in Online
Use of spare or IV B-4
Break-down of sedimentation monitoring of
Facility Manager standby n/a n/a #13
equipment basins, no water after
systems p.63
formation of coagulation
flocs
For Alum,
maximum Daily samples are
Addition of Installation
residual alum sent to
Coagulant / Overdose / Adjustment in of Flow IV B-4
is 0.2 ppm, laboratory,
Flocculant Underdose of Plant Manager dose of Meter for Facility Manager #14
turbidity <3 hourly
chemicals Coagulant Accurate p.63
NTU after monitoring of
dosing
sedimentation turbidity
basin
Establish a
procedure to
Mixing of Chemicals IV B-4
maintain
with other possible None None None None Facility Manager #15
purity of
contamination p.63
chemicals in
the facility
Online
monitoring of
Raw water
Stop Operation.
Leak in the loop turbidity (Alert IV B-4
Extremely high Use of spare
Flocculation flocculator, burst of mode when Plant Manager Upgrade Facility Manager #16
turbidity system if
flocculator maximum p.64
available
turbidity is
reached), carry-
over if solids
Manual IV B-4
Floating leaves or Excessive Regular site visit
Plant operator cleaning and n/a n/a #18
other matters amount and observation
screens p.64
Online
monitoring of
Raw water Stop operation
IV B-4
turbidity (Alert of filter bed
Filter beds Breakthrough >2 NTU Plant Manager Upgrade Facility Manager #19
mode when and perform
p.64
maximum backwash
turbidity is
reached)
Stop Operation
Contaminated Establish
of deepwell,
surface water may Turbidity >5 Online overall
flushing of IV C
enter the borehole NTU, presence monitoring of checking of
Plant Manager deepwell Facility Manager #1
which may be caused of solids in raw water different
before p.65
by poor wellhead deepwell water turbidity parts of
distribution to
completion equipment
customers
Turbidity of
water is observed
through flushing Use of
Turbidity >5
Intake Soil intrusion before deepwell Use of another IV C
NTU, presence
because of low water use. Quality of Plant Manager alternative deepwell, Plant Manager #2
of solids in
table level water in raw supply alternative p.65
deepwell water
water tank is water supply
monitored every
2 hours
Addition of
Changes in land-use Shut-down of
Regular Alert monitoring treatment
which may cause the treatment IV C
monitoring of on the use of land Plant Manager, trains to PTP
contamination of plant, use of Plant Manager #3
quality of raw which may affect Business Area to address
groundwater with alternative p.65
water the groundwater new
toxic chemicals supply
contaminants
Addition of
Shut-down of
Regular Alert monitoring treatment
treatment IV C
Agricultural monitoring of on the use of land Plant Manager, trains to PTP
plant, use of Plant Manager #4
Pollution quality of raw which may affect Business Area to address
alternative p.65
water the groundwater new
supply
contaminants
Turbidity of water
is observed
through flushing
Turbidity >5
Old materials of before deepwell Use of Replacement IV C
NTU, presence
pump may use. Quality of Plant Manager alternative of old Plant Manager #5
of solids in
Intake contaminate water water in raw supply materials p.66
deepwell water
water tank is
monitored every 2
hours
Pathogens from
Establish
hospital wastes may Residual Plant Manager Plant Manager in
monitoring
contaminate chlorine Monthly with coordination IV C
Increase in of raw water
groundwater which between 0.3 to monitoring of raw Laboratory with Laboratory #6
chlorine dose for other
may be caused by 1.5 ppm, fecal water Services Services p.66
pathogenic
poor disposal of coliform <1 Department Department
bacteria
hospital waste
Increase in
monitoring to Coordinate
determine with LGUs
Residual whether regarding
Pollution from urban Monthly
chlorine Laboratory operation poorly sealed Headworks IV C
areas contaminates monitoring of
between 0.3 to Services should be drains, Manager, #7
groundwater due to raw and treated
1.5 ppm, fecal Department stopped or installation of Business Area p.66
poorly sealed drains water
coliform <1 certain Wastewater
measures treatment
Intake should be plant
made
Stop Operation
Seek possible
Groundwater of deepwell
treatment
contains naturally Defined by Monitoring of Laboratory until levels of Program IV C
options or
occurring chemicals PNSDW / DAO critical Services critical Management, #8
find
which may be 34 or DAO 35 parameters Department parameters are Water Resources p.66
alternative
present at toxic levels already within
sources
standard
Aesthetic value of
Installation of
water decreased due Plant Manager Flushing of
Iron < 0.2 ppm, additional IV C
to presence of color Daily monitoring to submit lines if internal Plant Manager,
Intake manganese < treatment #9
caused by elevated of treated water samples to standards Process Engineer
0.05 ppm process if p.66
levels of iron and laboratory werent met
necessary
manganese
No zero
dosing. Online
Chlorine monitoring, Spot/shock IV C-1
Break-down of Shift engineer/ Replacement
concentration is Hourly manual chlorination in Facility Manager #1
equipment Operator of equipment
not to record monitoring Log the reservoir p.67
zero for > 10 sheet intact
minutes
Use of
Pre and post
generator or
chlorination
Alarm sound off divert supply IV C-1
No power for Facility
Power failure during power (from PTP to n/a n/a #2
10 minutes Manager
interruption surface water) p.67
through
valving
Shock Replacement
No residual chlorine 0.8 ppm IV C-1
Free chlorine chlorination in of dosing
at the treated water residual Plant Manager Facility Manager #4
residual the treated system
due to clogging chlorine p.67
Pre and post water tank equipment
chlorination
Low residual Shock
Excessive IV C-1
chlorine at the Site visit and chlorination in
dosage of Plant Manager Leak repair Facility Manager #5
treated water due to observation the treated
chlorine p.67
leaks water tank
Program to
Contaminated Plant Manager implement IV C-1
chemicals may be None None together with None regular Plant Manager #6
added laboratory checking of p.68
Addition of anti-scalant
Anti-Scalant Establish a
monitoring
Treated water Sensory, checking Plant Manage IV C-1
Overdose of Reduce dose of activity to
starting to get of water if Plant Manager with Laboratory #7
chemicals anti-scalant check proper
slippery slippery Services p.68
dose of anti-
scalant
Online
Turbidity <5
monitoring of
NTU, or
Raw water Replacement/
Dirty water after turbidity of Shut down of IV C-1
turbidity (Alert repair of
filtration due to treated water Plant Manager specific filter Plant Manager #8
mode when vessel if
breakthrough greater than vessel p.68
maximum necessary
turbidity of raw
Filter vessel turbidity is
water
reached)
Break-down of
Pressure drop Recording of Replacement IV C-1
Reverse equipment due to Shift engineer/ RO train will
in RO is already pressure drop of RO Plant Manager #11
osmosis -scaling and other operator be stopped
beyond set limit every 2 hours membrane p.69
factors
No zero
dosing. Online
Chlorine monitoring, Spot/shock IV C-2
Break-down of Shift engineer/ Replacement
concentration is Hourly manual chlorination in Facility Manager #1
equipment operator of equipment
not to record monitoring Log the reservoir p.70
zero for > 10 sheet intact
minutes
Shock Replacement
No residual chlorine 0.8 ppm IV C-2
Free chlorine chlorination in of dosing
at the treated water residual Plant Manager Facility Manager #4
residual the treated system
due to clogging chlorine p.70
Pre and post water tank equipment
chlorination
Shock
Low residual chlorine Excessive IV C-2
Site visit and chlorination in
at the treated water dosage of Plant Manager Plant Manager #5
observation the treated
due to leaks chlorine p.70
water tank
Online
monitoring of
Raw water Replacement
Dirty water after Shut down of IV C-2
turbidity(Alert / Repair of
Filter vessel filtration due to > 5 NTU Plant Manager specific filter Plant Manager #6
mode when vessel if
breakthrough vessel p.71
maximum necessary
turbidity is
reached)
Continuous
Residual flushing, use of
Hourly Installation
Depletion of residual chlorine alternate IV D
monitoring of Operator/Shift of
chlorine due to long between 0.3 to supply if Facility Manager #3
residual chlorine Manager Chlorinator if
retention time 1.5 ppm, necessary, p.72
and turbidity necessary
turbidity <5 Direct Feeding
of Chlorine
Storage
Hourly
monitoring of
Residual Continuous
residual chlorine
Entry of chlorine flushing, use of IV D
and turbidity, Operator / Shift
contaminants in between 0.3 to alternate N/A N/A #4
checking and Manager
vents or manholes 1.5 ppm, supply if p.72
cleaning of
turbidity <5 necessary
manholes and
vents regularly
Direct Dosing
Residual Hourly Replacement
of chlorine to IV D
Clogging of Chlorine chlorine at least monitoring of / Repair of
Plant Manager attain required Facility Manager #7
Injection Pumps 0.5 ppm at residual chlorine injection
residual p.73
reservoirs and turbidity pumps
chorine
Chlorination
System
No zero dosing.
Online
Chlorine
monitoring, Repair / IV D
Break-down of concentration is Shift Engineer/
Hourly manual Direct feeding Replacement Facility Manager #8
equipment not to record Operator
monitoring Log of equipment p.73
zero for > 10
sheet intact
minutes
Use of
generator or
Alarm sound off divert supply IV D
No power for
Power failure during power Plant Manager (from PTP to n/a n/a #9
30 minutes
interruption surface water) p.74
through
valving
Gensets in good
Interrupted Water
working
production due to Repair or
condition and Genset is being
Breakdown of replace IV E
will run (time operated once a Facility
Gensets during None defective or Facility Manager #1
or gensets to month to ensure Manager
Power Interruption inefficient p.75
work after functionality
which may cause gensets
power
high turbidity
interruption)
Distribution
Network
Sufficient
supply at all
parts of the Valve exercises Facility Supply
Low to 0 Suction service area; monthly; Manager, Management IV E
Pressure Business Zone
Pressure causing Pressure Pressure Technical to prevent #3
management Manager
high turbidity monitoring in monitoring once Support low pressure p.75
DMAs; a week Manager areas
Pressure: 7psi
and higher
Distribution
Network
1. Pipe
Ocular inspection replacement
Intrusion of
All ACP pipes and Leak of old ACP
contaminants in Territory Territory
replaced; No Detection along lines IV E
breakage due to old Manager, Flushing of Manager,
signs of Leaks; distribution lines 2. #4
age and deterioration Business Zone lines Business Zone
Residual and On-site Disinfection p.76
of lines especially Manager Manager
Chlorine: analysis; Regular by in-line
ACP pipes
Water Sampling chlorination
3. Flushing
Ocular inspection
Distribution
Hygienic of pipes before
Network
practices and 5S installation;
developed and Flushing before Project
Intrusion of adapt by energization of Manager, 1. Disinfection Business Zone
IV E
contaminants during contractors and line (During Territory by in-line Manager,
n/a #11
storage before pipes workers during Project Manager, chlorination Territory
p.78
is installed pipe laying and implementation); Business Zone 2. Flushing Manager
repairs Regular Water Manager
Residual Sampling and
Chlorine: On-site analysis,
Daily
Ocular inspection
of pipes before
Hygienic
installation;
practices and 5S
Flushing before Project
observed by
energization of Manager, 1. Disinfection
Trench dirt gets into contractors and IV E
line (During Territory by in-line
the pipe during workers during n/a n/a #12
project Manager, chlorination
installation pipe laying and p.78
implementation); Business Zone 2. Flushing
repairs
Regular Water Manager
Residual
Sampling and
Chlorine:
On-site analysis,
Distribution Daily
Network
Pressure
Monitoring,
Daily; Ocular
Intrusion or inspection and Pipe
Territory Disinfection Business Zone
backflow of leaking No visible Leak Detection replacement IV E
Manager, by in-line Manager,
pipes during low leaks; Residual along of damaged #13
Business Zone chlorination , Territory
pressure or zero Chlorine: distribution lines; or leaking p.79
Manager Flushing Manager
pressure Regular Water pipes
Sampling and
On-site analysis,
Daily
Pressure
Monitoring, Daily;
Ocular inspection 1. Pipe
No visible
Intrusion of and Leak replacement of
leaks or pipe
contaminants during Detection along Territory damaged or Pipe Business Zone
burst from IV E
pipe bursts during distribution lines; Manager, leaking pipes replacement of Manager,
external #14
public works weekly or Business Zone 2. Disinfection damaged or Territory
party; p.79
improvement Monthly meeting Manager by in-line leaking pipes Manager
Residual
activities with LGU; chlorination
Chlorine:
Regular Water 3. Flushing
Sampling and On-
site analysis, Daily
Distribution
Network 1. Provide pipe
casing to
Pressure
protect pipes
Monitoring, Daily; Territory
replacement of
All pipes Ocular inspection Manager,
damaged or
Intrusion of with casing if and Leak Business Zone Flushing, use Business Zone
leaking pipes IV E
contaminants in it will pass Detection along Manager, of alternative Manager,
2. Relocate #15
submerged pipes in through distribution lines; Project line to ensure Territory
pipes away p.79
canals and drainages. canals and Regular Water Manager, clean water Manager
from canals
drainages; Sampling and On- Laboratory
and drainage
site analysis, Services
3. Disinfection
Daily;
by in-line
chlorination
Distribution system
Find
is fed by multiple Network review 1. Isolation of
Residual alternative
sources with varying and assessment; Territory lines Business Zone
Chlorine sources to IV E
water quality. At the Regular Water Manager, 2. DMA Manager,
maintained at prevent mixing #16
interface between Sampling, Daily Business Zone formation Territory
leat 0.3 ppm of different p.80
sources, biofilms and and On-site Manager with only 1 or Manager
sources of
scales or sediments analysis; 2 source
water
may be released.
1. Equipment
registry of
Distribution
equipments on
Network Hygienic Ocular inspection
site before start
practices and during project Project
of work; do
Equipments of 5S observed implementation; Manager, Safety
audit after work
Contractor remain by regular CCTV Officers, IV E
to ensure that
inside the pipes even contractors inspection; Territory n/a n/a #17
no equipments
after the pipe and workers Regular Water Manager, p.80
are left or lost
installation during pipe Sampling, Daily Business Zone
2. CCTV
laying and and On-site Manager
inspection
repairs analysis;
before
commissionin
g of pipes
Flushing for
30 minutes,
Ocular inspection
Water Residual
Insufficient Flushing during project
quality is Territory Chlorine and
after activity which implementation; IV E
good, Manager, Turbidity
may lead to low Regular Water n/a n/a #18
Turbidity at Buziness Zone should be
residual chlorine and Sampling, Daily p.81
least 3 NTU, Manager checked after
high turbidity and On-site
Distribution Residual flushing
analysis;
Network Chlorine at
least 0.5 ppm
Valve adjustment to
increase flow which Regular Water Territory Business Zone
Replacement of IV E
may disrupt the Flushing for Sampling, Daily Manager, Manager,
Flushing valve if #19
settled solids and 30 minutes and On-site Buziness Zone Territory
defective p.81
will therefore analysis; Manager Manager
increase turbidity
Pressure
Monitoring,
Daily; Ocular
inspection and
Establish
Leak Detection
Illegal tapping of regular
along distribution
water connections No illegal Territory monitoring of Business Zone
lines, Daily; IV E
near drainage and connection Manager, Close illegal lines, Manager,
Regular Water #20
areas with high risk and meter Business Zone connection coordination Territory
Sampling and p.81
of contamination tampering Manager with LGU to Manager
On-site analysis,
with pollutants prevent illegal
Distribution Daily; Close
connection
Network coordination of
LGUs and group
leaders among
communities
Include in
Territory
Customers MOA
Regular Water Manager,
Backflow from should not provision on IV E
Sampling, Daily Business Zone
deepwells, factories, use pump after the meter n/a n/a #21
and On-site Manager,
hospitals, directly after pipe network p.81
analysis; Laboratory
meter of such
Services
customers
IV E
Breakage of ACP
Technical Support #22
pipes (with total Pressure at
Manager, p.82
length of 120.66 LM) least 20 psi, Hourly
Territory Stop Network
due to age and residual monitoring of Total
Manager, operation, Manager,
deterioration of chlorine at pressure, replacement of
Laboratory flushing after Business Zone
material which least 0.5 ppm, residual chlorine all ACP lines
Services repair Manager,
would effect turbidity less and turbidity
Territory
intrusion of than 3 NTU
Distribution Manager
contaminants
Network
Intrusion of Technical Support IV E
Monthly #23
contaminants due to Manager,
Turbidity at monitoring of p.82
a)undetermined Territory Establish Network
least 3 ppm, distribution
valve settings Manager, Closing of regular Manager,
Residual sampling points,
b) Stuck valves Laboratory mainlines monitoring of Business Zone
chlorine at regular
c) Old valves still not Services status of valves Manager,
least 0.5 ppm monitoring of
within standard Territory
valves
d)Overlaid Valves Manager
monitoring that will determine if the water safety plan is effective and are aligned
coordination with our partner Metropolitan Water and Sewerage System (MWSS) as
our regulator, a set of regular sampling points of our water sources, treatment plants,
and the consumers taps, were established. The frequency of sampling and the
mandated by MWSS for the year of 2009. The table is being updated at least yearly or
FACILITY SAMPLING
FREQUENCY PARAMETERS
LOCATION
BALARA 1 & 2
Chlorides, Color (TCU), pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Iron,
WEEKLY
Manganese, Fecal Coliform, Plate Count
QUARTERLY Ammonia-N, Barium, Boron, Fluoride, Sulfates
SEMI- Arsenic, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Dissolved
ANNUAL Copper, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc
RAW Oil and Grease, Surfactants, Phenols, Free Cyanide
AVFO- ( Animal Veg fat and oil), benzo-a pyrene,
benzene, Toluene,ethylbenzene, xylene, Malathion, PCBs,
ANNUAL
TCE, Aldrin, Chlordane,DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin,
Heptachlor, Lindane, Methoxychlor, Toxaphene
(pesticides)
Total &Fecal Coliform, HPC, Res. Chlorine, Color(ACU),
DAILY Turbidity, pH, Taste/Odor,Aluminum , Iron, Manganese,
Hardness
MONTHLY Chlorides, Sodium, Sulfates, TDS
Antimony, Arsenic, Boron, Cadmium,Total Chromium,
TREATED SEMI-
Total Cyanide, Fluoride, Lead, Mercury total, Nickel,
ANNUAL
Nitrate, Nitrite, Selenium
benzene,dichloroethane,dichloroethene,
ANNUAL ethylbenzene,TCE, toluene,xylene,
pesticides,bromate,THMs
FACILITY SAMPLING
FREQUENCY PARAMETERS
LOCATION
JALA-JALA
*DAILY pH, Turbidity, Iron, Manganese, TDS
*WEEKLY Chlorides, Sulfates
*MONTHLY Color, pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity
Chlorides, Color(TCU), pH, Fecal
QUARTERLY
Coliform,Turbidity,Alkalinity, Plate Count
SMI-
Ammonia-N, Boron, Fluoride, Sulfates, Barium, Iron
ANNUAL
RAW Arsenic, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Dissolved
ANNUAL
CopperLead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc
Oil and Grease, Surfactants, Phenols, Free Cyanide
AVFO- ( Animal Veg fat and oil), benzo-a pyrene,
ONCE
benzene, Toluene,ethylbenzene, xylene, Malathion, PCBs,
EVERY 3
TCE, Aldrin, Chlordane,DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin,
YEARS
Heptachlor, Lindane, Methoxychlor, Toxaphene
(pesticides) - c/o Glo and Mel
Total & Fecal Coliform, HPC, Res. Chlorine, Color(ACU),
DAILY Turbidity, pH, Taste/Odor, Aluminum, Iron, Hardness,
Manganese, Chloride, TDS
MONTHLY *Sulfates
QUARTERLY Sulfates, Sodium
TREATED Antimony, Arsenic, Boron, Cadmium,Total Chromium,
Total Cyanide, Fluoride, Lead, Mercury total, Nickel,
Nitrate, Nitrite, Selenium,
ANNUAL
benzene,dichloroethane,dichloroethene,
ethylbenzene,TCE, toluene,xylene,
pesticides,bromate,THMs
FACILITY SAMPLING
FREQUENCY PARAMETERS
LOCATION
OTHER GROUNDWATER SOURCES
Alkalinity, Chlorides, Color (TCU), pH, Turbidity, Fecal
QUARTERLY
Coliform, Plate Count
SMI-
Ammonia-N, Boron, Fluoride, Sulfates, Iron, Barium
ANNUAL
Arsenic, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Dissolved
ANNUAL
RAW Copper,Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc
Oil and Grease, Surfactants, Phenols, Free Cyanide,AVFO-
ONCE ( Animal Veg fat and oil), benzo-a pyrene, benzene,
EVERY 3 Toluene,ethylbenzene, xylene, Malathion, PCBs, TCE,
YEARS Aldrin, Chlordane,DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor,
Lindane, Methoxychlor, Toxaphene (pesticides)
T&F Coliform, HPC, Res. Chlorine, Color(ACU),
WEEKLY Turbidity, pH, Taste/Odor,Aluminum , Iron, Manganese,
Hardness
MONTHLY Chlorides, Sulfates, TDS, Sodium
Antimony, Arsenic, Boron, Cadmium, Total
TREATED SEMI-
Chromium,Total Cyanide, Fluoride, Lead,Mercury,
ANNUAL
Nickel, Nitrate, Nitrite, Selenium
benzene,dichloroethane,dichloroethene,
ANNUAL ethylbenzene,TCE, toluene,xylene,
pesticides,bromate,THMs
FACILITY SAMPLING
FREQUENCY PARAMETERS
LOCATION
DISTRIBUTION/CONSUMERS TAPS
Surface and
MONTHLY Total Coliform, HPC,Residual Chlorine
Groundwater
Surface ANNUAL Color, Turbidity
MONTHLY
Groundwater Color, Turbidity
100%
ANNUAL,
pH, taste, odor, aluminum, iron, manganese, Copper,
PERCENTAGE
Zinc, Antimony, Cadmium, Chromium Total, Lead,
Surface/ Groundwater OF
Nickel, Benzene, PAHs,ethylbenzene,benzo-apyrene,
SAMPLING
toluene, xylene
POINTS
RESERVOIRS
Total & Fecal Coliform, HPC, Residual Chlorine, Color,
WEEKLY
Turbidity
WATER SOURCES
BOD, Chlorides, Color, Dissolved Oxygen, Fecal
Coliform, Nitrates as N, pH, Phosphates, Temperature,
Quarterly
TSS,Ammonia as N, Barium, Boron, Fluoride, Iron,
Sulfates
Arsenic, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Dissolved
Semi-Annual
ANGAT, IPO, LAMESA, Copper,Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc
BICTI Cyanide- free , Petroleum Oil, Phenols as phenolic
substances, surfactants as MBAs,
VERIFICATION RESPONSIBLE
PROCESS FREQUENCY RECORDS
ACTIVITY PERSON
Online Monitoring
of parameters such
Calibration of Plant Managers /
as pH, Turbidity, At least weekly Logbook, Records
equipment Laboratory Services
Residual Chlorine,
TDS
Quality check of Before
Procurement / Laboratory
Treatment Plants chemicals to be acceptance of
Laboratory Services Services Records
used in treatment chemical
Checking of leaks Logbook,
Territory Business
Distribution and other possible Weekly Accomplishment
Managers
contamination Reports
ISO audit
Yearly
Analysis by DOH PAO/DENR/DOH/ Laboratory
Yearly
Laboratory Services DENR Audit Laboratory Servces Services Records
Quartely
Internal Audit
Monitoring of
number of water
quality complaints, Territory Business Logbook,
Distribution Daily
as well as causes Managers Database
and corrective
actions
Validation processes used for the water safety plan elements involves the
operational practices, as well as laboratory monitoring, are also used in the validation
activities.
CRITICAL
PROCESS HAZARD VALIDATION ACTIVITY
LIMIT
Higher turbidity leads to a
more frequent need for
Breakthrough >2ntu backwashing, as evidenced
FILTER BEDS IN by everyday operation in the
TREATMENT treatment plants
PLANTS pH lower than 6.5 and
pH between 6.5 higher than 8.5 imparts taste
High / Low pH
to 8.5 to the water, PNSDW set the
range of pH to be 6.5 to 8.5
A minimum flushing
Flushing for 30
duration of 30 minutes is set
minutes, Water
Insufficient Flushing to ensure water quality in
quality is good,
after activity which distribution systems before
DISTRIBUTION Turbidity at
may lead to low energization of lines.
NETWORK least 3 NTU,
residual chlorine and However, flushing duration
Residual
high turbidity is increased depending on
Chlorine at
the level of residual chlorine
least 0.5 ppm
and turbidity in the water
CONTROL VALIDATION
PROCESS HAZARD
MEASURE ACTIVITIES
Distribution
Distribution system is
fed by multiple sources Isolation of source, Isolation valves are regularly
with varying water mixing of water from checked to ensure that mixiing
quality. At the interface different sources is of different water sources is
between sources, prevented by the use prevented. Consumer taps with
biofilms and scales or of proper isolation suspected mixed source are
sediments may be valves regularly checked.
released.
maintain that the water safety plan elements are effective and working. In
treatment facilities, logbook and excel forms are being updated depending on the
flow rate, dose of chemicals and others critical parameters monitored. Some
converted into database for easy viewing and reference. Operation manuals are
also available and are updated as necessary in the different water facilities.
Instruction manuals of equipment used in the operation are also available on-site
Support programs are actions that ensure water safety, but do not affect
water quality directly. These are activities that ensure the operating environment,
the equipment used and the people themselves do not become an additional
support programs.
Cleanliness, House keeping Poor hygiene, unkept facility Educate employees regarding
and Proper Hygiene in contributes to contamination of proper hygiene and housekeeping
operations and at the chemicals and water leading to a practices by incorporating the topics
workplace. public health risk. in the schooling done.
Implement Sanitary and
Housekeeping Policy and should be
strictly followed.
initially and not included in the Risk Analysis of the Water Safety Plan.
such circumstances.
unavailability of water, leaks, breakages, and poor quality (odor and color).
Due to the broad scope of disasters, incidents, and human activity that
response plans is categorized based on the area affected and the alert level
based on 3 colors of green, yellow, and red. Green signifies normal operation,
yellow alert are for incidents affecting a small area, and red alert signifies
Table 7 shows the matrix and its parameters for, Dirty Water and/or
Quality Incident.
hotline number 1627. These complaints are then forwarded to the concerned
visiting the customer and assessing the report on site. Once validated, the
Overall Incident Manager (OIM). Once the incident is resolved, the Territory
Manager will close the complaint and declare to the Systems Operation and
ensure that an incident is handled well and resolved in the minimum time
To determine and ensure the effectiveness of this water safety plan, a schedule of
audit, review and revision is prepared. Please see table below for the proposed schedule.
AUDITOR /
ACTIVITY FREQUENCY TARGET DATE REVIEWING
PERSONNEL
MWC
Every July and
Audit Semi-Annual internal
December
auditors
Review & Quarterly(recommended), March, June, Water Supply
Revision or as needed September, November Department
External parties will also be invited for Audit. The Water Safety Plan Team will
XII. REFERENCES
Water Safety Plans., Managing drinking-water quality from catchment to consume, World
Health Organization 2005
Godfrey, S. and Howard, G. 2004. Water Safety Plan (WSP) for Urban Piped Water
Supplies in Developing Countries. Water, Engineering and Development Centre.
Loughborough University, UK.
AUTHORS:
Regina Tribaco
Leah Pacariem
OPERATIONS GROUP
MANILA WATER COMPANY
1 Pag-asa Road 10, Barangay Plaza, Pag-asa Quezon City -- 25 0.864 600
2 Sto. Cristo Sto. Cristo Elem. School, Nueva Viscaya Street, Bago-Bantay Quezon City -- 40 1.440 1000
2 Escopa P. Burgos Street, Escopa, Project 4 (near Deaf & Blind) Quezon City 1979 30 1 800
3 White Plains #1 Nathan Road near corner Derby Street, White Plains Subdivision Quezon City 1995 30 1.368 950
4 Maria Clara Josephine Bracken corner JP Rizal Street, Project 4 Quezon City -- 40 1.728 1200
5 Blue Ridge Hillside Loop corner Hillside Drive, Blue Ridge Subdivision Quezon City -- 40 1.728 1200
3 Dasmarinas #17 Lumbang Street near Campanilla Street, Dasmarinas Village Makati -- 75 1.728 1200
4 Dasmarinas #39 Pasay Road corner Palm Avenue, Dasmarinas Village Makati 1976 75 1.728 1200
5 Dasmarinas #40 Mahogany corner Acacia Street, Dasmarinas Village Makati 1995 80 1.728 1200
6 Forbes Park #2 Pili corner Tamarind Road (dead end, near creek), Forbes Park Makati 1964 40 1.080 750
7 Forbes Park #6 Tamarind Road (near creek), Forbes Park Makati -- 75 1.728 1200
8 Forbes Park #8 Palm Avenue near Mckinley Road, Forbes Park Makati 1969 75 1.728 1200
2 San Isidro Rizal Avenue, Bgy. San Isidro near boundary of Cainta & Taytay Taytay 1989 20 1.08 750
Sta. Ana BA Cruz Street, Barangay Sta. Ana inside Sta. Ana Elementary Taytay 30 1.656 1150
Elementary School School --
3
4 Cantaco Velasquez Street, Sitio Bangiad, Barangay San Juan Taytay -- 50 2.592 1800
5 Zapanta Velasquez Street, Sitio Bangiad, Barangay San Juan Taytay -- 50 2.592 1800
6 Ciudad Grande Ciudad Grande Subd., Bgy. Muzon Taytay -- 50 2.592 1800
7 San Miguel Yakal Street, San Miguel Subd., Bgy. San Juan Taytay -- 50 2.016 1400
8 Binhi ng Pag-asa Binhi ng Pag-asa, Sta. Ana Taytay 2005 -- -- --
7 Sto. Nino Sto. Nino Street, Barangay San Jose Antipolo 1976 30 1.224 850
Sumulong A. Luna Street, Inside compound of Sumulong Elem. School Antipolo 1981 35
Elementary -- --
8
9 Masangkay Masangkay Street corner Martinez Street Antipolo 2002 40 2.304 1600
10 Tapales Tapales Street, Barangay Dalig Antipolo 2002 50 2.592 1800
11 Pedracio De Jesus Street near corner Pedracio Street, Barangay Dalig Antipolo 2002 50 2.592 1800
12 M. H. Del Pilar MH del Pilar Street, Barangay San Isidro Antipolo 2002 25 0.936 650
13 Tubigan NFA Rpad, Sitio Tubigan Antipolo 1996 20 1.152 800
14 San Lorenzo San Lorenzo, Barangay Dalig Antipolo -- 40 1.728 1200