ENVI 152H, Spring 2010 Name: _________________________

Final Exam

Multiple Choice. Select the best answer for each question. (2.5 points each, 100 points total)

1. Endocrine disruptors:
a. Are chemicals that mimic sex hormones
b. Interfere with the functioning of animal endocrine systems
c. Have been implicated with causes declines in human male sperm counts and
increases in testicular cancer
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

2. Which type of environmental hazard was responsible for male alligators in Lake Apopka
having smaller penises and low testosterone levels and abnormal gonads?
a. Chemical hazard
b. Disease hazard
c. Biological hazard
d. Cultural hazard
e. None of the above

3. Which of the following was most closely associated with the mass mortality of
Swainsons Hawks in Argentina during the winters of 1994-1996?
a. Pesticide drift
b. Global distillation
c. DDT
d. Neurotoxin
e. All of the above

4. What is a threshold dose?

a. A dose that contains a chemical hazard
b. A does that induces death in one text subject
c. The level of exposure above which a response occurs
d. A dose comprised of breakdown products
e. A dose that kills 50% of the study rats

5. Assume someone is exposed to a particular toxicant. The individuals response to

exposure to the toxicant:
a. Will result in death, abnormalities, cancer, or other serious problem
b. Will be acute
c. Will be immediate
d. Will depend on the health and condition of the exposed individual
e. Will have a high dose-response curve

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ENVI 152H, Spring 2010
Final Exam

6. Incineration of waste:
a. Can be used to generate electricity
b. Reduces the volume of waste by 10%
c. Eliminates the need for landfills
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

7. By EPA definition, hazardous waste is waste that is:

a. Ignitable, corrosive, reactive, and toxic.
b. Medical waste disposed of improperly.
c. Ignitable, explosive, toxic, and dangerous.
d. Reactive, corrosive, toxic, ignitable, and non-regulated.
e. Disposed of in outdoor areas not designated for waste disposal.

8. What consists of collecting materials that can be broken down and reprocessed to
manufacture new items?
a. Composting
b. Industrial ecology
c. Deep-well injection
d. Recycling
e. Source reduction

9. What form(s) of waste would NOT be generated by the people living on Briggs Road in
Cheshire, MA?
a. Industrial solid waste
b. Municipal solid waste
c. Electronic waste
d. Hazardous waste
e. All of these would be generated by residents on Briggs Road

10. Massachusetts in considering an expanded bottle bill. What statement is true about this
proposal?
a. It should reduce marine aquaculture; named after the bottle-nosed dolphin which
is negatively affected by aquaculture in the oceans
b. It will require new development to use street layouts that mimic a bottle shape, in
order to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion
c. It will require a deposit on water and juice bottles that currently do not require a
deposit
d. It will require that hazardous waste be placed in a bottle comprised of three layers
of recycled materials (glass, concrete, rubber) before being stored in landfills
e. It will require all waste water treatment plants to clean water until it can be
bottled for consumption

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ENVI 152H, Spring 2010
Final Exam

11. Leachate is:

a. a by-product of waste incineration
b. a type of waste storage container used in clean coal plants
c. a non-recyclable type of plastic
d. liquid that results when garbage substances in a landfill dissolve in water
e. the water-proof seal used to line modern sanitary landfills

12. Which statement is true about the water treated at the Hoosac Water Quality District?
a. The effluent is discharged to the Hoosac River
b. The effluent is returned to the water treatment plant on Pattison Road
c. The influent is primarily industrial waste water
d. All of these are true about the water at the Hoosac Water Quality District
e. None of these are true about the water at the Hoosac Water Quality District

13. What is the primary purpose of the Bennington Fish Hatchery?

a. To provide on-site fishing opportunities for children and handicapped people
b. Cultivate fish for sale in markets
c. Cultivate rainbow, brown and brook trout for put-and-take fisheries
d. Provide a food source for native species of wildlife (e.g., black bear, otter, great-
blue herons) throughout waterways in Vermont
e. Grow threatened and endangered fish species for reintroduction

14. Zoning is:

a. The spread of low-density urban centers
b. A strip of land that connects parks or neighborhoods
c. Trend of people moving and living in towns and cities versus the countryside
d. An increase in per capita land consumption
e. Classification of areas for different types of development and use

15. Which of the following are functions of parks and green spaces in urban areas?
a. Aesthetic enjoyment
b. Recreational opportunities
c. Increase property values
d. Provide ecosystem services
e. All of these are functions of parks and green spaces in urban areas
f. None of these are functions of parks and green spaces in urban areas

16. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of new urbanism?

a. mimic traditional urban neighborhoods
b. abundant greenspaces and trees
c. multi-use zoning with businesses, homes, schools close together
d. low-density single-use development
e. walkable communities

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ENVI 152H, Spring 2010
Final Exam

17. Urban flight refers to:

a. The need for airports near urban centers
b. The mass movement of people from the urban areas to suburbs
c. The tendency for people to commute long distances from their residence to their
home
d. The movement of people away from urban areas located next to airports
e. Urban development that allow for rapid movements between commercial,
residential, and governmental buildings or areas

18. What factors promoted decentralization of urban centers in the United States after World
War II?
a. Increasing personal wealth
b. Increasing access to personal automobiles
c. A preexisting desire for low-density living
d. Deteriorating conditions including poverty, crime and poor schools in urban areas
e. All of these promoted decentralization
f. None of these promoted decentralization

19. Clearcutting is:

a. A waste management strategy that provides clear instructions for recycling
b. Source reduction that cuts costs associated with the waste stream
c. An urban growth boundary the provide for a distinct areas for development and
rural preservation
d. An decrease in physical activity associated with sprawl
e. A forestry practice that removes all trees from an area
f. None of the above

20. Forest land in the continental United States:

a. Has decreased since ~1900
b. Is highly fragmented by urban and agricultural development and forestry practices
c. Is mostly (~95%) owned by the USFS
d. All of the above are true about forest land in the US
e. None of these are true about forest land in the US

21. Which statement is FALSE about the United States Forest Service (USFS):
a. The USFS is in the US Department of Agriculture
b. The USFS manages a system of national grasslands
c. The USFS owns and managed about 8% of the land area of the United States
d. Gifford Pinchot was the first chief the USFS.
e. The sole mission of the USFS is to produce timber and forest products

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ENVI 152H, Spring 2010
Final Exam

22. Biomass produced from forest lands:

a. Can be burned in power plants to generate electricity
b. Must carry an ecolabel by the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) or Sustainable
Forestry Council (SFC)
c. Is most efficiently harvested by removing only the largest, oldest trees from a
forest
d. All of the above are true about biomass
e. None of the above are true about biomass

23. What is the United States single largest landowner?

a. UNESCO
b. Bureau of Land Management
c. National Wildlife Refuge
d. Nature Conservancy
e. Forest Stewardship Council

24. The overarching constraint on any natural resources management at the Westover Air
Reserve Base (WARB) is:
a. The area of grassland available at the base
b. The need to reduce the risk of aircraft collision with animals
c. A presidential order to reduce or eliminate invasive species
d. Other state and federal agencies willingness to support the management action
e. The population of upland sandpipers and other grassland birds nesting on the base

25. Which method is NOT used to manage grasslands at the WARB?

a. Prescribed burning
b. Removal of woody vegetation
c. Controlled grazing
d. Mowing
e. All of these methods are used to manage grasslands at WARB
f. None of these are methods used to manage grasslands at WARB

26. Which statement is NOT true about land trusts?

a. The Williamstown Rural Lands Foundation is a local land trust
b. The Nature Conservancy is an international land trust
c. Land trusts are governmental organizations that conserve land for ecological,
cultural, agricultural, aesthetic and/or historic purposes.
d. Regularly purchase land in order to meet their conservation goals.
e. Raise money through memberships, private contributions, and grants.

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ENVI 152H, Spring 2010
Final Exam

27. An ecosystem service:

a. are activities that we did in a labs like planting potatoes or pulling garlic mustard
b. includes the things that the environment makes and people take and use
c. is something the environment does for free that benefits people
d. is the visitation to natural areas for recreation and enjoyment
e. is a predicable series of changes over time in plant and animal communities

28. Which statement is TRUE about ecotourism?

a. Depends on the consumptive use of a natural resource
b. Can only occur in developing countries
c. Is completely benign on the area being visited
d. Has no associated externalities
e. All of the above are true about ecotourism
f. None of the above are true about ecotourism

29. The ecotourism described in the paper, Ecotourism, conservation biology, and volunteer
tourism: A mutually beneficial triumvirate by Brightsmith et al. (2008), differed from
typical ecotourism because:
a. It focused on birds (macaws and parrows) instead of large mammals like pandas,
jaguars, and elephants
b. Required participates to engage in data collection for ongoing projects
c. Was free to the tourists because they were volunteers
d. Provided running water and cooked food in the lodge
e. All of the tourists were already trained biologists from the United States

30. In what ways does Caretaker Farm attempt to be socially sustainability?

a. By making sure that the farm apprentices learn to become farmers
b. By helping community member feel connected to the land and the Caretaker Farm
community
c. By ensuring that the farm employees enjoy working together
d. By ensuring that the head farmers (Don Zasada) family enjoys the farming
lifestyle
e. All of the above are ways that Caretaker Farm attempts to be socially sustainable
f. None of the above are ways that Caretaker Farm attempts to be socially
sustainable

31. Which of the following is a storehouse for samples of the worlds crop diversity?*
a. Feedlot
b. Seed bank
c. Monoculture
d. Food security
e. Marasmus

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ENVI 152H, Spring 2010
Final Exam

32. Aquaculture is:*

a. genetically modifying aquatic organisms in order to enlarge them.
b. the study of different aquatic cultures in various regions over the earth.
c. organic agriculture.
d. the amount of seafood produced and exported from the U.S
e. raising aquatic organisms in a controlled environment for food.

33. What are LEED standards used for?

a. They dictate the amount of emissions certain manufacturing building can emit
b. They guide the design and certification for the construction of sustainable
buildings
c. They are used to certify industries as environmentally friendly
d. They dictate whether a forest is being cut in a sustainable manner or not
e. They guide the amount of resources that can be extracted from one area

34. What are stakeholders?

a. A group of people involved in managing major banks and other corporations.
b. People or groups who can influence or be affected by certain actions.
c. A large and wealthy restaurant chain
d. Natural resources that can be replenished over time
e. All of the living and non-living things around us in which we interact

SHORT ANSWER: You do NOT need to use complete sentences. Points indicated in
parentheses. Use ONLY the space provided. (Total 65 points).

35. Describe three changes in agriculture associated with the Green Revolution. ( 6 points)

36. What happens to landfills after they are no longer active? (3 points)

37. How can zoning be considered a regulatory taking? * (4 points)

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ENVI 152H, Spring 2010
Final Exam

38. Consider the triple bottom line of sustainability. Does how we treat waste water at the
Hoosac Water Quality District meet the triple bottom line of sustainability? Be sure to
address each area of the triple bottom line by providing relevant details to support your
argument. (8 points)

39. The Campus Center cafeteria now uses biodegradable disposable cups. Define
biodegradable (2 points)

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ENVI 152H, Spring 2010
Final Exam

40. A new compound is invented that shows potential as an herbicide. The toxicity of this
compound is tested on frogs in tanks in a lab. The following dose-response curve is
generated.

a. What is the LD50 of this new compound for the frogs? (2 points)

b. On the figure above draw a dose-response curve for a different chemical that is more
toxic than the one tested above. (3 points)

c. Before dying many frogs showed evidence of lethargy and did not respond to stimuli
(e.g., they did not seek cover when a bright light was placed over the tank). What kind of
toxin do you think this new compound is? (2 point)

41. Describe THREE consequences of implementation of urban growth boundaries. (6

points)

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ENVI 152H, Spring 2010
Final Exam

42. Describe THREE factors that must be considered when deciding where to put sanitary
landfills (6 points)

43. Describe THREE consequences of sprawl. (Hint: Be sure not to define sprawl and call it
a consequence!) ( 6 points)

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ENVI 152H, Spring 2010
Final Exam

44. How do consumptive users of fish and wildlife financially support conservation of
nongame species? (4 points)

45. Define life cycle analysis? (3 points)

46. How can ecotourism be used as a conservation tool that meets the triple bottom line of
sustainability? (5 points)

47. a. Is sustainable development an oxymoron (e.g., a self contradiction)? Why or why not?
(5 points)

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ENVI 152H, Spring 2010
Final Exam

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NAME:

MCLA Campus Box #:

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