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CLASS X
TERM I
Prepared by
NARAYANAN MANNANDI
isbsocialnotes.weebly.com
HISTORY Chapter 6- WORK, LIFE AND LEISURE
1. What were the two faces of the city of Calcutta in the 19th century as illustrated by
Durgacharan Ray in his novel, Debganer Martye Aagaman? or
What were the contrasting images of the city of Calcutta in the 19th century. Or
What were the amazing and confusing factors of the city of Calcutta in the 19th
Century?
2. What are the three historical processes that shaped modern cities?
3. What were the features of the cities of the early period?
4. Give two reasons why the population of London expanded from the middle of the
Eighteenth century. Or How did the city of London become a powerful magnet for
migrating population even though it did not have large factories? Or Discuss how
London emerged as the largest city in the world in the 19th century.
5. Which were the five types of industries in London that employed large number of
workers?
6. Which characteristic feature of the city of London in the 19th century was the
philanthropists anxious and the police worried about?
7. Who were the marginal groups in London in the 1870s ?
8. Who was Henry Mayhew?
9. Mention the steps taken by the London authorities to discipline its population. ( to
control crime)
10. How did women earn a living in the late 18th and 19th centuries in London Or
11. What was the condition of women workers in the late 18th and 19th centuries in
London? Or. What were the changes in the kind of work available to women in London
between the nineteenth and the twentieth century? Explain the factors, which led to this
change.
12. What were the reasons for increasing concern of the need for housing for the poor in
London? Or Why did well-off Londoners support the need to build housing for the poor
in the nineteenth century. OR Write a note on the housing facilities in the early period of
industrialization in London. Or. Why were housing schemes planned for the workers in
London in the beginning of the 20th century?
13. Examine the processes of cleaning London in the 19th century. Or What were the steps
taken to decongest the city of London? Or How was the housing crisis solved in London?
(Explain the social changes in London, which led to the need for the Underground
railway.)
14. Why was London Underground Railway set up? Why were people afraid to travel in it?
Or Explain the social change in London which led to the need for underground railway.
Why was it criticized?
15. How did the introduction of railway affect the life of people in London?
16. How did rise of industrial cities affect domestic and public life? Or Examine the social
change that occurred in urban families with the rise of industrial cities?
17. Describe the position of women in Britain in the 19th century.
18. What forms of entertainment were there in the 18th and 19th century England to provide
leisure activities for the people? Or Describe in three points the social changes in the
city of London with respect to entertainment and leisure of the people due to
industrialization.
19. Which incident is known as bloody Sunday of November 1887?
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20. How was the large number of masses drawn into political causes in the city? Give
examples. Or How was large city population a threat and an opportunity at the same
time? Or Write a note on the politics among the workers in the city of London. Or Why
did the early workers in London rise in protest in the end of 19th century?
21. Name the presidency cities of colonial India. What were its features?
22. How did the British occupy the city of Bombay?
23. How did the city of Bombay emerge as an important city in India in the 19th century?
24. What led to the major expansion of Bombays population in the mid-nineteenth
century? OR Why was Bombay considered the prime city of India? Explain three
reasons.
25. Why did the British send a large number of people back to the places of their origin by
1901?
26. State any two differences between Bombay and London with regard to its population.
27. Which racial pattern in Bombay was visible in all presidential cities in India? Or
Explain about Bombay fort area.
28. Describe the housing pattern of the city of Bombay in the 19th century.
What are chawls of Bombay? Describe the life of industrial workers in the chawls of
Bombay.
29. The chawls of Bombay were a small cosmopolitan community in themselves.
Explain the statement.
30. Why did the depressed classes find difficult to find housing in the city of Bombay?
31. State the different basic reasons for emerging town planning in London and Bombay.
32. Describe the land reclamation projects in Bombay.
33. To what extent does government regulation and new laws solve problems of pollution?
34. How did industrial cities pose a challenge to the environment? Or How is urban
development directly related to the cost of ecology and environment? Explain giving
examples of Industrial cities of England in the 19th century.
35. Describe the position of women in Britain in the 19th century in three points.
36. Bombay films have contributed in a big way to produce an image of the city as a blend
of dream and reality. Discuss. Or How did Bombay become mayapuri-a city of
dreams? Or Trace the growth of film industry in Bombay.
37. How did film industry develop a national character in Bombay?
38. Why is Bombay a city of dreams for some, while a city of hardship for others?
39. When was the Rent Act passed in Bombay? What was its aim? What was its impact?
40. How did the development of Bombay differ from London? Explain three differences.
41. Why has city life always attracted those seeking freedom and opportunity? Explain.
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Chapter VII PRINT CULTURE AND MODERN WORLD
1. How was printing done in China in the early period? Or What were the features of
woodblock printing?
2. Why did the volume of print increase in China in the early period? Or How did China
become a major producer of printed materials for a long time?
3. How did a new print culture develop in China? Or What changes occurred in print
culture in the 17th century in China? Or How was print culture influenced by the
rise of cities in China?
4. Give any three reasons favouring shift from hand printing to mechanical printing
in China.
5. Describe the development of print technology in Japan.
6. Describe the development of print technology in Europe. Or Who was Marco Polo?
What was his contribution in print culture?
7. Why did wood block printing become popular in Europe? Or What were the drawback of
the hand written manuscripts?
8. Describe the role of scribes in the productions of books in the medieval period.
9. How did Guttenberg develop the printing press?
10. What were the features of the books printed using the new technology by Guttenberg?
11. Examine the growth of printing during the hundred years between 1450 and 1550 in
Europe.
12. What was the print revolution?
13. State the impact of print revolution on European society.
14. What did the publishers do to persuade common people to welcome the printed books?
15. How was the oral culture and print culture complimentary to each other? Or How did
oral culture enter print and how was the printed material transmitted orally?
16. Why was the new printed literature criticized?
17. Why did Martin Luther support print culture? OR How did print culture help Martin
Luther challenge the Catholic church? Why?
18. Who was Manocchio? Why was he executed?
19. How did print culture lead to the growth of dissenting ideas?
20. Why did Roman Catholic Church turn against print culture and what did they do? Or
Why did the Catholic Church maintain an index of prohibited books from 1558?
21. Explain the effects of print culture in the religious sphere in early modern Europe.
22. How did print culture help develop a reading mania among the people in Europe?
23. What was the opinion of Louise-Sebastien Mercier about the printing press?
24. What was the common conviction about books by the mid-eighteenth century?
25. Why did some people in the 18th century Europe think that print culture would bring
enlightenment and end despotism?
26. What are the three types of arguments to prove that print culture created conditions for
French revolution?
27. What was the counter argument regarding the role of print culture in the French
Revolution?
28. How did print culture influence women, children and workers in the 19th century in
Europe?
29. Describe the growth of print culture meant for children?
30. What were the major innovations that improved printing technology?
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31. State any two strategies developed by printers and publishers to sell their products.
32. How were the ideas and information written before the age of print in India? Or
Write a short note on the tradition of manuscripts in India. Why was it not used in
everyday life?
33. Why were manuscripts not widely used in everyday life? Give three reasons.
34. How did the printing technique begin in India? Explain.
35. Who was James Augustus Hickey? Why was he persecuted by the British?
36. What role did print culture play on public debates on religious issues?
37. What role did print culture play in the religious reform movements? Or How did
religious reformers make use of print culture to spread their ideas? Or What did the
spread of print culture mean to the reformers?
38. What were the steps taken by the Ulemas to defend their religion?
39. Name any two printing press established to publish Hindu religious texts in vernacular
languages.
40. How and to what extent did print encourage reading Hindu religious text in Vernacular
languages?
41. State any two results of using printed texts on religious matters.
42. Describe the development of visual culture in print media by the end of 19th century in
India.
43. What did women mean by the spread of print culture? Or How did the spread of print
culture improve the status of women in India in the 19th century?
44. Why did the conservatives among Hindus and Muslims prohibit education for women?
45. State two examples of rebel women who defied prohibition of education for women by
the conservative society?
46. Name the first auto biography published in Bengali language.
47. Examine the role / contribution of women in the spread of print culture in the 19th
century in India.
48. What were the issues / messages projected by the printed books published in the
19th century in India?
49. How did print culture help poor people? Or What were the effects of the spread of print
culture for poor people in nineteenth century India? Or What did poor people mean
by the spread of print culture?
50. Name any four authors who wrote for the poor people of the society ? How were
restrictions imposed on the Indian Press? Explain with examples
51. Describe the contribution of factory workers in the spread of print culture.
52. Examine the effort made by the British in India to impose censorship on the press.
53. Describe the role of nationalist news papers in spreading national feelings among the
people in the early 20th century. OR Explain how print culture assisted the growth of
nationalism in India.
54. Why did the British Government curtail the freedom of Press after 1857 in India?
55. Describe any two popular themes on which women writers in England wrote in the
19th century.
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GEOGRAPHY -CHAPTER- 1 RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT
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32. Describe the major features of Red soil. Where is it found?
33. What are Laterite soils? What are its features?
(Why are laterite soil less fertile?
34. Describe the characteristics of forest (mountain) soil.
35. What are arid (desert) soils?
36. What is meant by soil erosion? How is it caused?
37. What are ravines? Where is it found?
38. What is sheet erosion and contour ploughing?
39. Suggest a few measures of controlling soil erosion.
40. Explain the six major land use categories of our country along with the changes
that have occurred recently.
41. How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
42. Prove by giving examples that the pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one
state to another.
43. What is the importance of resources? Why is it necessary to conserve them?
44. Draw a neat diagram showing the soil profile.
45. On what grounds are soils classified?
46. What is the main purpose of resources?
47. Which mineral is mined in the Indian Ocean?
48. What is the ill effect of accumulation of resources in few hands?
49. What was the aim of Rio de Janeiro Summit?
50. Name four ecological crisis.
51. What were the two aims of first earth summit?
55. Name two river valleys in South India where black soil is found.
56. What do you mean by Deccan trap?
57. Why are yellow soils yellow in colour?
58. Despite enormous potential solar power is not developed in Rajasthan and
Gujarat. Why ?
59. When and where was the first international earth submit held?
60. What is meant by Agenda 21?
61. Name any two books that advocate resource conservation.
62. Name any two types of piedmont plains where alluvial soil is found.
63. Whom did Gandhiji make responsible for depletion of resources at the global level?
Explain any two reasons.
64. Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state
boundaries. Justify the statement.
CHAPTER- 4 AGRICULTURE
Chapter 2 FEDERALISM
1. What is federalism?
2. What are the objectives of federalism? What are the two aspects that are crucial
in the practice of federalism?
3. What are the two kinds of routes through which federations have been formed?
Or What are the two types of federations?
4. What are holding together and coming together federations?
5. The exact balance of power between the central and state governments varies from one
federation to another. Justify the statement in the context in which federations are
formed.
6. Distinguish between federal and unitary governments.
7. What are the key features of federalism?
8. Describe the three fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government
and State Government. Or How is the power sharing arrangement done in India?
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9. What are the residuary powers of the Central Government?
10. Prove by giving examples that in India we have holding together type of federation. Or.
11. State an example to prove that in India equal power is not granted to its constituent
units.
12. What are Union Territories?
13. Why is it difficult to make changes to the power sharing arrangement between the
14. Union Government and State Governments? What is the amendment procedure?
15. What role does judiciary play in the implementation of the Constitutional provisions?
16. How is federalism practiced in India? Or Explain any three practices that have
strengthen federalism in India.
17. Examine the language policy adopted by the Government of India.
18. What is meant by Coalition Governments?
19. State any two changes in the Central- State relationship after 1990 that strengthened
power sharing effectively.
20. What are scheduled languages?
21. What is the rationale for the decentralization of power in India? Or What is the
basic idea behind the decentralization of power?
22. What are the arguments in favour of local self Government in India?
23. What were the drawbacks of the local Government bodies formed earlier?
24. What were the Constitutional provisions as per the Amendment in 1992 for setting up
of Panchayati Raj in India?
25. What is Grama Sabha? What are its functions?
26. How is Panchayati Raj constituted?
27. What are the difficulties faced by local government bodies?
28. Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one
feature that is different from that of Belgium.
29. State any two differences between the local government before and after the
Constitutional amendment in 1992.
30. Describe any four measures taken to decentralize power in India.
31. Define the term jurisdiction.
32. Which features of the Panchayatiraj do you like the most and why?
1. What are the different questions that arise when we think about development of
countries?
2. What would be the development goals or aspirations of the land less rural labourers?
3. Prove by giving examples that developmental aspirations are some times conflicting each
other.
4. State any two concepts of development goals.
5. What are the two types of development goals? ( What are the attributes that we consider
when we look at individual aspirations and goals?)
6. Why do people have different notions of development?
7. Give two examples where factors other than income are important aspects of our lives.
8. Why is greater income to be considered as one of the important national goal of
development?
9. What is per capita income?
10. How did World Bank classify countries? What criterion did they use? What are its
limitations?
11. Give three examples where an average is used for comparing situations. Or Why do we
use averages? What are the limitations to their use?
12. Why do you think average income is an important criterion for development? Explain.
13. Besides size of per capita income what other property of income is important in
comparing two or more societies?
14. Prove by giving examples that income itself is not a completely adequate indicator of
material goods and services that citizens were able to use.
15. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different
from the one used by the World Bank?
16. What are the three components of Human Development Index? Or What are attributes of
regional or national developmental aspirations or goals?
17. Find out the present source of energy used by the people in India. What could be the
possibilities fifty years from now?
18. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
19. Why has Kerala a low infant mortality rate and a high literacy rate even though the per
capita income is comparatively low?
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20. How do public facilities stand as a clear indicator of development?
21. Why have the scientists of the 2nd half of the 20th century been warning that the present
type and levels of development are not sustainable?
22. List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around
you.
23. What should India do to achieve to become a developed country?
24. Give two examples to show that collective provision of goods and services is cheaper
than individual provision.
25. The earth has the resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of
one person. How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development?
26. Compare India and Srilanka on the basis of any three indicators of HDI for 2012.
Explain the table
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employment. ( Measures to solve problem of unemployment in Rural areas )
17. What is the importance of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005?
18. How are activities in an economy classified based on employment conditions?
Differentiate between Organized and Unorganized sectors. Or Compare the
employment conditions prevailing in the organized and unorganized sectors.
19. What are the advantages enjoyed by the workers of the organized sector?
20. Workers are exploited in the unorganized sector. Do you agree with this view? Give
reasons in support of your answer
21. Who are the vulnerable people in the unorganized sector, who need protection?
22. Why is protection and support necessary to the workers of the unorganized sector?
23. Workers in the unorganized sector need protection on the following issues: wages,
safety and health. Explain with examples.
24. How are economic activities classified based on the ownership?
25. Why is Public Sector enterprises necessary? Or Explain how public sector
contributes to the economic development of a nation. Or Modern government
spent on a whole range of activities . Explain.
26. Explain the objectives of implementing the NREGA 2005.
27. Give examples of public sector activities and explain why the Government has
taken them up.
28. What is the present status of school going age group children in India? Explain.
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14. How did Indian political leaders avoid the kind of situation in Srilanka with respect to
language policy?
15. What are Union territories? How are they administered?
16. What are the elements of Belgian model that have helped to avoid civic strife between
different communities?
17. Name the type of soil, which develop on crystalline igneous rocks.
18. Briefly describe the local self-government at the urban level.
19. How important are public facilities in the economic development?
20. Differentiate between stock and reserve resources with examples.
21. Distinguish between union list and state list.
22. Name two attributes for comparing the degrees of development of different countries?
23. List any two items covered under concurrent list.
24. What is the threat faced by the Buxar tiger reserve recently?
25. Why is larerite soil low in humus content?
26. Describe briefly how JFM has conserved and protected forests and wild life in India.
27. How was water harvested in the following places during ancient times?
i) West Himalayas
ii) Flood plains in Bengal
iii) Arid and semi arid regions in Jaisalmer
28. List any two examples of environmental degradation. What could be the consequences of
the same on the development of a nation?
29. Name the soil found in Deccan plateau. Mention three characteristics.
30. Explain any three points to reveal the relationship between politics and religion.
31. Mention two points to show that multipurpose river valley projects have resulted in land
degradation.
32. Explain the centre-state relationship in India before 1990. How has it changed over time?
33. In what respect was the letterpress better than the wood-block printing?
34. Which factor besides per-capita income determines the physical quality of life?
35. How did modern cities encourage a new spirit of individualism? While democracy stands
for social equality, caste prejudices and sex discrimination continue. What reasons
accounts for these states of affairs.
36. What was the original basis for caste divisions in the early period? Are those
considerations still valid?
37. By whom and in which country was the letterpress invented?
38. Give two examples each of resources that can be renewed and those that are exhaustible.
39. Mention two social factors that accounts for the preference of a male child in Indian
society.
40. How were the opportunities for employment of women affected by technological
development in London?
41. Where and why have the terrace farming become popular in India?
42. In what respect is the federalism practiced in Belgium different from that practiced in
India?
43. Identify two factors that account for keeping women behind men in most Indian
communities.
44. What advantages do monarchy and dictatorship seem to have over democracy? Mention
any two points.
45. Mention one count on which per capita income index is faulty.
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46. Briefly describe the Bhakra Nangal Project with reference to location, uses and areas
benefited.
47. State any two religious practices that involve discrimination based on gender.
48. How have Indian political leaders avoided the kind of situation in Srilanka with respect to
language policy?
49. When and why was the international earth summit held in Rio de Janeiro?
50. How does development of suburbs helps to solve the problem of housing in metropolitan
cities? (choice qn)
51. What advantage in the field of economic development can be reaped by resource
planning?
52. What are the important factors for the formation of black soil?
53. What are the bases of social differences?
54. Which is the oldest Japanese book?
55. How was the family life transformed in the industrial city of London?
56. State any two salient features of laterite soils.
57. Name two Indian leaders who opposed the inhuman practice of Untouchability.
58. State two features of secular state.
59. Explain rainwater harvesting with a diagram.
60. When do social differences takes forms of violent protests?
61. Why is unemployment most rampant among agricultural labourers?
62. Social divisions may or may not lead to disintegration. Establish by quoting an example
each.
63. Mention any two provisions of the secularist ideals put forward by the constituent
assembly.
64. Why is the bill for reservation of seats for women in legislatures being stalled repeatedly?
What in your opinion is the justification of such reservation?
65. Suggest three measures that would provide greater security of services to the people in
the unorganized sector. Is such security desirable?
66. Explain any three ways to increase employment opportunities in a country.
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