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Massdiffusionisatransportprocessthatoriginates
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3/18/2017
Howisbinarydiffusivitydefined?
Howisselfdiffusiondefined?
Defineprandtl,schidtandlewisnumbers.What
rangesofPrandSccanoneexpecttoencounter
forgasesandliquids?
Ifacubeofsugarisplacedinacupofcoffee,what
isthedrivingpotentialfordispersionofthesugarin
thecoffee?Whatisthephysicalmechanism
responsiblefordispersionifthecoffeeisstagnant?
Whatisthephysicalmechanismifthecoffeeis
stirred?
Whatistherelationshipbetweenthemolar
concentrationandthemassdensityofaspeciesin
amixture?
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MasstransferFlashcardsCram.com
Massdiffusionisatransportprocessthatoriginates
frommolecularmotion(likeconductionheat
transfer).Diffusionoccursasaresultofa
concentrationgradientofsomechemicalspeciesin
amixture.Binarydiffusionoccursinmixturesoftwo
components.Dabisthebinarydiffusioncoefficient
andDab=Dba.Itisinverselyproportionalto
pressureandincreasesstrongwithtemperature
(formixturesatlowpressures).Forideagases,an
approximationis:
Dab=1/3*c*lambd_mfp~(T^3/2)/P[length^2per
second].
Massdiffusionisatransportprocessthatoriginates
frommolecularmotion(likeconductionheat
transfer).Diffusionoccursasaresultofa
concentrationgradientofsomechemicalspeciesin
amixture.Selfdiffusionisthediffusionof
chemicallyidenticalspecies.
Daa*=1.32*nu,nu=kinematicviscosity=mu/rho
Pr=nu/alpha=C_p*mu/k=viscousdiffusion
rate/thermaldiffusionrate
Sc=nu/Dab=mu/(rho*Dab)=viscousdiffusion
rate/massdiffusionrate
Le=alpha/Dab=k/(rho*C_p*Dab)=thermal
diffusivity/massdiffusivity
alpha=k/rho*C_p=thermaldiffusivity,ameasure
oftherateofheattransferinamaterialfromthe
coldsidetothehotside
nu=mu/rho=kinematicviscosity,theratioof
dynamicviscosity,mu,tothedensityofthefluid,
rho
Unitsforkinematicviscoistyandthermaldiffusivity
arelengthsquaredovertime.Le,pr,andScare
dimensionless.Scrangesfrom.2to3forgas
mixturesandupto40,000forliquidmixtures.
Thedrivingpotentialisaconcentrationgradient.If
thecoffeeisstagnantthesugarisdispersedby
diffusion.Ifthecoffeeisstirredthesugaris
dispersedbydiffusionandadvection.
rho_a=M_a*C_a[kg/m^3]
Misspeciesmolecularweight.[kg/kmol]
Cismolarconcentration.[kmole/m^3]
2/3
3/18/2017 MasstransferFlashcardsCram.com

Mixturemassdensity(rho)isthesumofrho_i.
Rho_iisthemassofspeciesiperunitvolumeof
themixture.

Howisthemassdensityofamixturedefined?The
Cisthemolarconcentrationandisthetotal
molarconcentrationofthemixture?Massfraction?
numberofmolesperunitvolumeofthemixture.
Molefraction?

m_i=rho_i/rho,rho=sum(rho_i)

x_i=C_i/C,rho=sum(C_i)

InusingFick'slawtodeterminethemassormolar
Thefluxofspeciesarelativetothemixture
fluxofaspeciesinamixture,whatspecificallyis
averagevelocity.
beingdetermined?

n_a''=0andx_a<<1(advectionisneglected)

whatisthestationarymediumapproximation? Fordiffusioninastationarymedium,thespecies
diffusionfluxisequaltotheabsoluteflux
associatedwithtransportofthespecies.

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