The precast erector should set out joint location and

spacing before panel installation. This should minimize

differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
 This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
 A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-
The precast erector should set out joint location and
spacing before panel installation. This should minimize
differential variation in panel joint width and identify problems
caused when the building or adjacent materials are out
of dimension or alignment.
7.2.2 Delivery sequence A delivery sequence for panels
should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable
fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the
trailer with proper support for safety and economy; adequate
advance notice of shipment; assurance of prompt unloading;
and provision for on-site storage.
7.2.2.1 When possible, panels should be unloaded in a
vertical position. This is usually the situation if single-story
panels are shipped on frames in a vertical or upright position.
Do not remove any chains, binders, or banding until
the crane is hooked onto the precast element. Tie off all
other panels to the trailer before picking a panel. All chains,
binders, banding, protecting packing, and bracing should
be carefully removed from around the panels. Comers and
panels with returns of unusual length are shipped with special
bracing, which should not be removed until the precast piece
has been lifted slightly from the truck before installation. If
belts are used in unloading, only one panel at a time should
be removed. Protective material should be used between the
belts and point of contact with the panel. Gangs of precast
panels should not be removed with belt lifting devices unless
the panels are palletized.
The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a
frame or a stack. Never slide a panel out from the middle of
a stack. Maintain balance on the trailer during unloading by
unloading alternate sides of the vehicle. Remaining adjacent
panels on the trailer should be tied or blocked to prevent tipping.
7.2.2.2 After delivery, a panel may require rotation into a
new position. For example, a tall panel delivered on its side
should be rotated to a vertical position. A panel may also be
delivered horizontal, lifted from the delivery vehicle, and
up-righted in the air. The panel is normally rotated without
being allowed to touch the ground. It may be necessary to
bolt a support frame to the panel before rotating. Usually two
lifting lines from the crane are used, although special rotating
frames have been developed for use with one crane line.
7.2.3 Lifting devices Lifting devices should be secured
to panels in accordance with the lifting device manufacturer s
recommendations. Thread bolts into inserts a minimum
of 2.5 bolt diameters for coil inserts and a minimum of 1.5
bolt diameters for ferrule inserts to prevent stripping of the
bolt or insert threads. At least two connections should be
used whenever the panel is lifted so the panel or lifting line
cannot spin and unscrew, causing the lifting line to become
disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide
full embedment in the lifting device. Regardless of load
requirements, a 1/2 in. (13 mm) bolt should be the minimum
size used for handling any precast panel. Predrilled or selfdrilled
expansion bolts should not be used for handling or
installation purposes. Occasionally, inserts, bolts, or other
devices are provided only for the convenience of field
handling. When these devices are located in finished edges
or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling
and repairing. When this is necessary, the engineer/architect
should be advised so that the locations and repair procedure
can be approved before panel fabrication. Repairs should be
executed in accordance with Section 7.7. Always measure
depth of the lifting insert and have several different length
bolts available to ensure the bolt fully penetrates insert depth
and not only the concrete.
7.2.3.1 One lifting device is a swiveling D-ring plate
bolted to a threaded anchor. The swivel and bolt diameter
should be the same size.
7.2.3.2 Coil-threaded anchors are discouraged when
other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engagement
is the most common problem with this system and it
is dangerous if the bolt is not fully threaded into the anchor.
When using coil-threaded anchors, the following precautions
should be followed.
It is imperative that thread engagement be a minimum
of 2.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. Because anchors
are sometimes recessed, the erector should locate the
actual top of the steel anchor, as some threads may be
concrete cover and not steel. When in doubt, the erector
should scratch the threads with a metal object to verify
anchor location.
Caution should be used in tightening bolts, as they may
break out the opposite face of a thin panel or may strip
the insert threads.
This anchor type is particularly affected by foreign
materials such a sandblast grit, ice, or both, which can
accumulate in the insert. Take care to remove foreign
materials from inserts to ensure full thread engagement.
A minimum of two coil inserts should be used to lift a
unit so that the unit or lifting line cannot spin, causing
the bolt to unscrew from the insert.
Bolts of proper length should be used to prevent extensive
shimming. Bolts that are too long may bend and fail.
7.2.3.3 The precast concrete manufacturer should be
consulted regarding the design intent of all installation
inserts. Connection hardware should not be used for lifting
or handling, unless specifically designed and designated
for this purpose on the installation drawings. Some precast
members that are long, heavy, or both, may have sleeves
through the member or anchors with swivel hardware for
use in attaching installation hardware.
There are situations that require special lifting systems.
These systems should be designed by a professional engineer
and tested to verify the anchor will exceed a safety
factor of 4-to-1 and the hardware 5-to-1. After selecting
hoisting equipment, rigging should be sized to permit the
precast concrete units to be lifted and installed safely.
7.2.3.4 Wire rope slings are usually the major component
of the rigging assembly. Occasionally, web belts or chain
mesh belts may be required. Hooks, shackles, rolling blocks,
closed links, and lifting plates can be used with the slings to
complete the system. All of these items are commercially
available with test data to substantiate the safe working load
for the available sizes of each product. Before using any of
these items in a rigging assembly, it is imperative that the
user consult the manufacturer s published charts and infor-