HIPOTALAMO

HIPOFISE
KEL.TARGET
OTAK DAN HIPOTALAMUS
 Aksis
hipotalamo
hipofise
 NSO&NPV
N Arc Aksis hipotalamo-hipofise

NSO : Nukleus
suprsoptikus
NPV : Nukleus
Paraventrikularis
N Arc : Nukleus Arcuatus
PL : Posterior Lobe
AL : Anterior Lobe
AL
Biru : anyaman vena
(sistem porta)
Merah : Juluran akson
PL
 HIPOTALAMUS = Neuroendokrin

Magnoseluler : NPV (Oksitosin) dan NSO

(Vasopresin) --- mll juluran akson ---- LP
Hipofise
Parviseluler (N.Arc) : Hipofisiotropik : CRH,
TRH, GRH, GIH(somatostatin), GnRH, PIH

Hipofise
anterior
Hipofise anterior dan Hormon tropik
HPA AKSIS
 AKSIS
HIPOTALAMO-HIPOFISE-GONADE
 HIPOTALAMUS

HIPOFISE ANTERIOR

FSH LH/ICSH

OVARIUM TESTIS
 OVARIUM TESTIS

Pematangan folkel Spermato FSH

FSH genesis
Persiapan ovulasi

Produksi estrogen
Produksi ICSH
testosteron
LH ovulasi
 SIKLUS UTERUS/SIKLUS OVARIUM

OVARIUM ESTROGEN
PROGESTERON

FSH :sekresi estrogen

pematangan Fol

LH : pacu ovulasi UTERUS

Estrogen : prolif
endometrium
GnRH
FSH Progesteron : sekresi dan
GnIH LH penebalan endometrium
 AKSIS
HIPOTALAMO-HIPOFISE-TIROID
Controle of Thyroid Function

A. Hypothalamic-Hypophysial-thyroid axis
TRH

+
TSH _

+
T3/T4
B. Thyroid autoreglation
inorganic iodida>> --inhibisi of thyroid release
organic iodida >> -- decrease in iodida up take
 Efek lain :
Sintesis protein otot : pelihara tonus dan
kekuatan otot
Stimulasi gerakan sal cerna
HIPOTIROID : TRH

TSH prolaktin

ovulasi terhambat
INVERTILITAS
MEKANISME UMPAN BALIK
UMPAN BALIK
 NSO&NPV
N Arc Aksis hipotalamo-hipofise

NSO : Nukleus
suprsoptikus
NPV : Nukleus
Paraventrikularis
N Arc : Nukleus Arcuatus
PL : Posterior Lobe
AL : Anterior Lobe
AL
Biru : anyaman vena
(sistem porta)
Merah : Juluran akson
PL
 OKSITOSIN
Target sel : myometrium & myoepitel kel. Payudara
Rf. Neuroendokrin :
Regangan pada mulut rahim o/ penekanan kepala janin
merangs. Reseptor regang pada mulut rahim, ---
hipotalamus --- peningkatan oksitosin ----kontraksi
myometrium prsalinan
Rangsangan pada ptg susu (pada saat menyusui) ---
peningkatan oksitosin sekresi ASI meningkat
 VASOPRESIN / Anti Diuretik Hormon
(ADH)
Sekresi meningkat pada :
1. Peningkatan osm. Plasma
2. Penurunan Vol CES
3. Stres fisik (nyeri, pasca op.) emosi, obat
obatan ttt.
. Target : Epitel tub. Distal & koligens ginjal,
(meningkatkan permeab. Membran sel
terhadap air.
 Osmoreseptor
Osmolalitas plasma hipotalamus ant.

Minum NSO
Pusat haus banyak Hipo
talaus

Vol CES Baroreseptor REABS

V.Cava & atrium AIR
ADH

RBF Renin Angiotensin II

 Anterior pituitary
Growth hormone (GH, somatotropin)
Growth, mainly via secretion of IGF-I; protein,
carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH,
thyrotropin)
Thyroid gland stimulations
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH,
corticotropin)
Adrenal cortex stimulations
 Anterior pituitary
Prolactin
Breast growth and milk synthesis; may be
permissive for certain reproductive
functions in the male
Gonadotropic hormones: Follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing
hormone (LH)
Gonads (gamete production and sex
hormone secretion)
 Posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
Milk let-down; uterine motility

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone,

ADH)
Water excretion by the kidneys;
blood pressure
 Control Systems Involving the
Hypothalamus and Pituitary

The pituitary gland, comprising the anterior

pituitary and the posterior pituitary, is
connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk
containing nerve axons and blood vessels.
Specific axons, whose cell bodies are in the
hypothalamus, terminate in the posterior
pituitary and release oxytocin and
vasopressin.
 Control Systems Involving the
Hypothalamus and Pituitary

The anterior pituitary secretes growth

hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH), prolactin, and two
gonadotropic hormonesfollicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) and
luteinizing hormone (LH).
 Control Systems Involving the
Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones

is controlled mainly by hypophysiotropic
hormones secreted into capillaries in the
median eminence of the hypothalamus and
reaching the anterior pituitary via the portal
vessels connecting the hypothalamus and
anterior pituitary. The actions of the
hypophysiotropic hormones on the anterior
pituitary
 Control Systems Involving the
Hypothalamus and Pituitary

The secretion of each hypophysiotropic hormone

is controlled by neuronal and hormonal input to
the hypothalamic neurons producing it.
a. In each of the three-hormone sequences
beginning with a hypophysiotropic hormone,
the third hormone exerts a long-loop negative-
feedback effect on the secretion of the
hypothalamic and/or anterior pituitary
hormone.
 Control Systems Involving the
Hypothalamus and Pituitary

b. The anterior pituitary hormone may

exert a short loop negative feedback
inhibition of the hypothalamic releasing
hormone(s) controlling it.
c. Hormones not in a particular sequence
can also influence secretion of the
hypothalamic and/or anterior pituitary
hormones in that sequence.