C7 GROUP THREE

MARS LANDER/ROVER
 C7 GROUP THREE
MARS LANDER/ROVER

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM FILE NAME

Client Brief Client_brief.pdf

Technical Drawing Package C7GT-Tech_drawings.pdf

Design Specification C7GT-Spec.pdf

Risk Management Plan C7GT-Risk_management.pdf

Tender Evaluation Criteria C7GT-TEC.pdf

Project Schedule/GANTT Chart C7GT-Gantt.pdf

2.0 Client Brief

Problem Statement
Your client, EMPACT, has approached you to design a prototype Mars Lander/Rover, for an upcoming bid to be a part of
an international space exploration consortium. You have been approached to provide an innovative solution to the final
deployment stage of a rover, and therefore you must design, construct and test a small scaled vehicle that is capable of
deployment and withstanding a vertical drop. The client brief is outlined in Sections 2.1 through to 2.3. The client can be
contacted through a discussion board on blackboard, though remember that although the client aims to respond to any
communication within two (2) working days, this may not always be attainable.

2.1 Design Statement

EMPACT requires a vehicle to be constructed such that it is capable of being tested by rolling down a slope between 30-
45 degrees for 2 metres, and falling through a vertical drop of 1 metre without sustaining any significant damage. The
prototype must conform to constraints given in Section 2.2, and will be evaluated according to the variables given in
Section 2.3.

2.2 Design Constraints

The finished prototype must conform to a number of key constraints indicated by the client. These constraints are
explained below and the compliance grading is shown in Appendix A.

2.2.1 Conceptual Constraints

The prototype must be designed to travel in a self-guided straight line for 2 metres, down a slope set to not less than 30
degrees. Following this free roll, the prototype will be subject to a vertical drop of 1 metre, and must land and stay on its
wheels.

Due to the nature of the project, the final design will be required to carry a lot of heavy equipment. This has been scaled
down to require the prototype to carry a weight, in the form of 600ml water bottle. This cargo must be loaded onto the
top of the prototype, with no complex assembly required (i.e. closing a box flap is acceptable, screwing a panel is not).
The condition of the cargo must be easy to assess without directly accessing the prototype (i.e. visual inspection from
~1m distant).

2.2.2 Dimensional Constraints

The entire footprint of the prototype vehicle must fit within an A3 sheet of paper (420mm x 297mm), with no portion of
the assembly overhanging the boundary. The maximum height of any portion of the prototype is 210mm.

There must be at least two axles on the prototype, and the wheels (or tracks) must allow the prototype to move down a
slope of 30 degrees minimum.

2.2.3 Materials Constraints

The prototype must be designed to cost less than $30 when pricing materials using the spreadsheet provided on
blackboard. 3D printed components are permitted provided that the total 3D cost is less than 25% of the theoretical
prototype cost (as determined by the spreadsheet).

Recycled materials may be used in lieu of purchased materials at the construction stage, and this may result in a higher
performance level (Appendix A). The actual cost is calculated by considering the cost incurred by the contractors (e.g. if
a pack of 4 items is bought for $1, but only one is used, the actual cost is still $1). Recycled materials can be accounted
for with a cost equivalent to 50% of the spreadsheet cost.

2.2.4 Impact and Cushioning Constraints

The prototype must be designed such that no manual control is required between the release onto the slope, and the
end of testing (after the impact on the floor). The prototype must end testing with at least one set of wheels in contact
with the ground, and without damage or spilt cargo.

2.3 Testing for Client Compliance & Performance

The prototype will be tested in Assignment 6, and will be awarded a mark based on the compliance and performance of
the vehicle.
C7 GROUP THREE
MARS LANDER/ROVER

TECHNICAL DRAWING
PACKAGE
 PARTS LIST
ITEM QTY PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION
1 2 Body panel - side
2 2 Body panel - end
3 2 Axle
4 4 Wheel
 15 15

19
40
40

6 3 3 6
12

10

42
21

21
10

10
3 3

340
22 22

10
19
70 19
3

10
3

42
10
 340

30 242 30
108

70
 19

120

6
156 6
WHEEL SITS FLUSH TO END OF AXLE
 270

A ( 10:1 )

A
C7 GROUP THREE
MARS LANDER/ROVER

DESIGN SPECIFICATION
Bill of all materials required to build Mars Lander

Material Cost $ (each)

Pine 19mmx42mmx1200mm 0.96
40mm tapered head pine screws x 8 0.10
Pine 300mm x 300mm x 19mm 1.71
Steel rod 6mm diameter x 350mm 0.54
Araldite two part epoxy 0.80 per gram
600ml plastic water bottle 1.00
Cable ties (7mm wide by 360mm long) 0.10
x4
Total cost 6.21 (varies depending on quantity of
araldite used)

Tools required building Mars Lander

Tools Alternative item

Lead pencil Black marker
Square NA
Ruler NA
Wood saw Circular saw
Tape measure NA
Electric drill NA
3mm drill bit NA
7mm drill bit NA
Countersinking drill bit NA
Centre punch NA
Small hammer NA
G-clamp Bench vice
Phillips head screw driver NA
120mm diameter hole saw NA
6mm drill bit NA
Hacksaw NA

Note that Bunnings is the recommended retailer for all required materials.
Items needed to build chassis sides

Item Alternative item

Lead pencil Black marker
Square NA
Ruler NA
Wood saw Circular saw
Tape measure NA
Pine 19mmx42mmx1200mm NA
Electric drill NA
3mm drill bit NA
7mm drill bit NA
Countersinking drill bit NA
Centre punch NA
Small hammer NA

Items needed to build chassis ends

Item Alternative item

Lead pencil Black marker
Square NA
Ruler NA
Wood saw Circular saw
Tape measure NA
Pine 19mmx42mmx1200mm NA
Electric drill NA
3mm drill bit NA
Centre punch NA
Small hammer NA

Items needed to assemble chassis

Item Alternative item

G-clamp Bench vice
40mm tapered head pine screws NA
Electric drill NA
Phillips head screw driver NA
Chassis sides x 2 NA
Chassis joining sides x 2 NA
Items needed to build and assemble wheels and axles

Item Alternative item

Pine NA
Electric drill NA
120mm diameter hole saw NA
6mm drill bit NA
Lead pencil Black marker
Small hammer NA
6mm steel rod NA
Araldite two part epoxy NA
Hacksaw NA

Items needed to build and assemble wheels and axles onto chassis

Item Alternative item

Araldite two part epoxy NA
2x wheel and axle assembly NA
chassis NA
2 wheels NA

Items needed to attach bottle to chassis

Item Alternative item

Finished Mars Lander chassis NA
600ml plastic water bottle NA
Cable ties (7mm wide by 360mm long) x 4 NA
Construction Sequence

Chassis sides

Obtain materials for constructing the chassis sides as specified in the list of items. Inspect the
Pine for any cracks, splitting or damage.
Using the tape measure and pencil, measure and mark out the correct sizes on the Pine per
drawing 3
Cut the Pine plank to these sizes using the wood saw.
Use the pencil and tape measure to mark out the positions of the holes as specified in drawing
3. Using the hammer and centre punch, hit the centre punch on these positions, creating an
indentation in the Pine.
Use the electric drill and correctly sized drill bit to drill through the indentations, creating holes
in the positions specified in drawing 3.
Use the electric drill and counter sinking drill bit to create tapers on the 3mm diameter holes
as shown in drawing 9 to a size relative to that of the tapered head of the Pine screws.
Repeat these steps to create a second chassis side.

Chassis ends

Obtain materials for constructing the chassis ends as specified in the list of items. Inspect the
Pine for any cracks, splitting or damage.
Using the tape measure and pencil, measure and mark out the correct sizes on the Pine as
specified in drawing 4.
Cut the Pine plank to these sizes using wood saw
Use the pencil and tape measure to mark out the positions of the holes as specified in drawing
4. Using the hammer and centre punch, hit the centre punch on these positions, creating an
indentation in the Pine.
Use the electric drill and correctly sized drill bit to drill through the indentations, creating holes
in the positions specified in drawing 4.
Repeat these steps to create a second chassis joining section

Assembling chassis

Obtain materials for connecting the chassis ends and the chassis sides together as specified in
the list of items.
Position chassis ends and chassis sides as shown in drawing 5, ensuring that the tapered, 3mm
holes are facing outwards towards the constructor.
Clamp these pieces together using the G clamp, placing the two points of the clamp on the
surfaces containing the outward facing tapered holes.
Using a Phillips head screw driver, screw the Pine screws into the tapered holes until the screw
head is flush with or just below the surface of the chassis sides and the screw cannot be
twisted in any further.
Wheels and Axles

Obtain materials for constructing the wheels and axles as specified on the list of items. Inspect
the Pine for any split edges and the 6mm rod for any bends by placing it against a ruler.
Cut the Pine to the size specified in drawing 6 with the hole saw and electric drill.
Use the pencil to mark out the positions of the holes as specified in drawing 6. Use the
hammer and hit the centre punch on these positions, creating an indent in the Pine.
Use the electric drill and drill bit to create a hole in the indentation as specified in drawing 6.
Repeat these steps to create three more wheels.
Cut the 6mm rod to the size as specified in drawing 7 using the hacksaw.
Repeat this step to create one more axle.

Assembly of Wheels and Axles

Obtain materials for assembling the wheels and axles as specified on the list of items.
Mix the two-part epoxy and apply a light coat to one end of the rod.
Insert the epoxy-coated end of the rod into the hole in the centre of one wheel as shown in
drawing 8.
Allow the epoxy to dry for an hour.
Repeat steps to create one more axle and wheel assembly.

Assembly of Wheels and Axles onto Chassis

Obtain materials for assembling the wheels, axles and chassis as specified on the list of items.
Slide the protruding end of both axle and wheel assemblies into the holes as shown in drawing
1.
Apply a light coat of epoxy onto the ends of both wheel-free axles. Insert these epoxy coated
rod ends into the remaining wheels as shown in drawing 1.
Let the epoxy dry for 1 hour.
Addition of bottle to chassis

Obtain materials for the addition of plastic bottle to chassis as specified on the list of materials.
Check that bottle is filled with water and lid is screwed on tightly.
Place bottle inside the chassis as shown in Figure 1 below.
Attach and tighten cable ties around the chassis and bottle as shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1. Cable ties around chassis and bottle

Testing of Mars Lander

Check wheels spin freely when rotated by hand.

Check strength of wheel attachment by pulling wheels outwards.
Check the rigidity of the chassis by twisting it and the tightness of screws.
Check cable ties are pulled tight so as to minimize bottle movement.
Check chassis rolls straight by pushing Mars Lander for a metre and seeing how far it deflects
from a straight path. Deflection should be less than 5 degrees, or 8cm.
C7 GROUP THREE
MARS LANDER/ROVER

RISK MANAGEMENT
PLAN
1.0 Designing Stage
Mentioned below in the figure 1.1A are the possible hazards and risks
encountered in the designing stage which are explained in detail below the
table. Moreover, the likelihood and the consequences for each corresponding
risk are identified. It should be noted that the scales for the likelihood and
consequence of a particular risk are explained in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2
respectively. Furthermore, the possible mitigating strategies to overcome the
mentioned risks are explained in detail. Finally, the residual risk has been
explained and evaluated in terms of likelihood and consequence for each risk
in the designing stage.
2.1 Table of Risks and Hazards.
HAZRAD RISK LIKELIHOOD CONSEQUENCES

1.1.1)Loss of important Due to data loss, Likely Moderate

data stored such as the they may have to
specification, drawings start most of the
and all draft reports work from the
beginning leading
to delays and late
submission
penalties, leading
to a fall in overall
grade.
1.1.2) Lack of Impact on the Possible Low
communication corporation
between team between team
members. members and less
teamwork within
the group leading
to a fall in
progress, standard
and quality of
submission.
Finally, leading to
a reduced grade
1.1.3) Errors in the Due to errors, the Unlikely High
specification and final design
drawings such as wrong package may have
dimensions and wrong information
incorrect order of for the contractors
steps. of the other group
as a result the
final prototype
may look different
to what is actually
required leading
to fall in grade as
it cannot carry out
the tasks required
by a Mars Lander.
Figure 1.1A The hazards and risks for Designing Stage

1.1.1) The hazard and risk due to loss of stored data.

The Hazard
As a result of instabilities that maybe caused due to technology there may be a
loss of the data, this data may include important drawings, specification and
other draft reports which is crucial in further developing the designing package
as one draft report is interconnected to the next draft report. Moreover, this
hazard may also occur due to team members not saving their work on a
regular basis.

The Risk
Due to the loss of data team members will have to start the design package
from the beginning for example re-doing the drawings will be a very timely
process. Thereby, team members will take more time to complete their work.
This means that they will not be able to meet the set deadlines. Furthermore,
they will have to do the submission late. This may lead to late submission
penalties and leading to a fall in the overall grade.
1.1.2) The hazard and risk due lack of communication between team
members.

The Hazard
Bad communication between team members would mean that most members
will not be expressing their ideas effectively and not providing feedback to
other members. This may also include team members not replying to messages
effectively. Moreover, members of the group may not attend group meetings
and workshops.

The Risk
The risk that is associated with bad communication is that since team
members dont express their ideas the design may not be unique as it only
includes ideas of some of the group members. Further, lack of communication
would mean that team members would not know their responsibilities, when
the deadlines are due. In addition, there will be a fall in progress, quality and
standards of the work produced due to lack of co-operation. Since they are not
aware of deadlines they would not do the submission on time. This will lead to
a overall reduced grade as a result of late penalties and lack of quality.

1.1.3) The hazard and risk due to errors in the specification

The Hazard
There may be certain errors that may be created during the compilation of the
specification such as wrong dimensions, incorrect scales, typos and errors in
the instruction manual of the designing package. This means that the wrong
information will be conveyed to the contractors of the Mars Lander.

The Risk
The contractors will carry out the construction process based on the designing
package which means that the Mars Lander will be constructed based on the
incorrect information in the design package. This would mean that the
prototype at the testing stage will look different to what is required by the
designers. Therefore, prototype may not perform as expected leading to
reduced grade since it cannot meet the goals (for instance it may not
withstand the one meter drop) that are required.
1.2) Mitigation Strategies to overcome or reduce the risks in the designing
stage

1.2.1) Mitigation Strategies to avoid the risks due to loss of data

1. Backup Strategy
To avoid significant data loss, the following steps are essential to be
implemented. First, press save button on a regular basis for example once each
paragraph is completed or every ten or fifteen minutes click the save button.

Secondly, always send a email of the work completed each week to the team
members specially to the member handling the weekly progress report,
agenda and meeting minutes for the particular week and to other team
members to have a backup. To do a backup is always good for the designing
stage, if for example, accidently the documents are deleted or lost, multiple
backups are available with each team member.

Thirdly, always put individual work into a hard drive or USB so that even
though the computer fails there is still a portable back up that can be used to
carry out the tasks given.

Finally, it is important to have a common backup that all group members can
easily access to such as in the google drive where all changes get saved
automatically and all team members can access each others work which
makes tasks much easier.

1.2.2) Mitigation Strategies to avoid the risk due to lack of communication

within team members

1. Use of social media to communicate

An effective way to communicate would be to set up a group using the various
social media such as hangouts, Facebook messenger and email etc. This means
that all group members can receive updates on their mobile phones while on
the move. Enabling to reply to messages faster causing the group to be
efficient in terms of communication.

2. Attending group meetings and workshops

It is crucial that all team members attend team meetings and workshops.
Firstly, the group should produce a agenda for the meeting so that the group
discusses all parts that are required to carry on the further tasks. During team
discussions each team member can effectively present their ideas and receive
feedback from other team members and make necessary alterations to
improve their individual work.

Secondly, always produce the meeting minutes so that each team member
knows what was discussed, what were the final decisions, the responsibilities
of each team member and the deadlines of the submissions.

Lastly, group meetings should have a session where each member voices their
opinion on whether they are happy with the work allocated to them, if they
can finish the allocated work on time or if they need another team member to
help them out with the task. In these sessions each team member can provide
feedback as to what they think about other team members work and where
each of them will have to improve.

1.2.3) Mitigation Strategies to avoid the risk due to errors in the

specification.

1. Each team member proof reading the specification.

If each team member goes through the specification and other parts of the
design package, members can highlight any errors that they came across which
can be addressed during the group meetings where feedback can be provided
by each team member and necessary adjustments can be carried out.

2. Meetings with contractors of the other team

Regular meetings with contractors will enable contractors to provide
suggestions to the designers of possible improvements that can be done if the
contractors come across any errors. Further, going through the specification
with the contractors will help to better identify any errors which can be
corrected.
1.3) Evaluating the Residual risk

HAZARD RISK RESIDUAL LIKELIHOOD CONSEQUNCES

RISK
1.1.1) Loss of Due to data Risk can Rare Low
important data loss, they may be
stored such as have to start eliminated
the most of the after
specification, work from the carrying
drawings and all beginning out the
draft reports leading to mitigation
delays and late
submission
penalties,
leading to a
fall in overall
grade.
1.1.2) Lack of Impact on the Risk can Unlikely Minor
communication corporation be
between team between team reduced
members. members and after
less teamwork carrying
within the out the
group leading mitigation
to a fall in
progress,
standard and
quality of
submission.
Finally, leading
to a reduced
grade.
1.1.3) Errors in Due to errors, Risk can Rare Low
the specification the final be
and drawings design package reduced
such as wrong may has wrong after
dimensions and information carrying
incorrect order for the out the
of steps. contractors of mitigation
the other
 group as a
result the final
prototype may
look different
to what is
actually
required.
Figure 1.3.1B Residual risk being evaluated in terms of Likelihood and
Consequences.

2.0 Construction Stage

Mentioned below in the figure 2.1B are the possible hazards and risks
encountered in the construction stage which are explained in detail below the
table. Moreover, the likelihood and the consequences for each corresponding
risk are identified. It should be noted that the scales for the likelihood and
consequence of a particular risk is explained in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2
respectively. Furthermore, the possible mitigating strategies to overcome the
mentioned risks are explained in detail. Finally, the residual risk has been
explained and evaluated in terms of likelihood and consequence for each risk
in the construction stage.

2.1 Table of Risks and Hazards.

HAZRAD RISK LIKELIHOOD CONSEQUENCES
2.1.1) Puncturing hand Injury to a team Unlikely Moderate
or finger or harming members hand,
sensitive places such as finger or sensitive
an eye due to the area such as an
Power Drill. eye.
2.1.2) Team member Lead to delays in Likely Moderate
(Contractor) of the the construction
other group who is process when the
building our prototype, contractors try to
misunderstanding the correct the
specification therefore mistake.
constructing the Thereafter, facing
prototype different to late submission
that of the penalties and
specification. overspending
above budget
 specified in
correcting the
error may lead to a
reduction in overall
grade.
2.1.3) Negative Lead to delays due Rare Low
mentality of a team to fall in progress,
member or members facing late
due to personal issues submission
which are out of the penalties. Also,
control of the group lack of quality and
affecting the progress standard of
of construction and prototype leads to
quality of the a overall reduced
prototype. grade.
Figure 2.1.B - The Hazards and the Risks for the Construction stage.

2.1.1) The hazard and risk encountered when handling the Power Drill.

The Hazard
The use of the power drill which will be used in boring holes into the wooden
frame to fit in the axles. The use of the power drill may cause a puncturing of
fingers or hand. Further, during the use of the power drill there will be a
possibility that sharp and pointed pieces of wood may fly towards the direction
of the operator of drill which may hit the operator in sensitive places such as
the eye.

The Risk
The risk that is involved in using the above mentioned equipment is that one or
more team members getting injured where the use of the power drill will lead
to puncturing of a hand or fingers and damaging sensitive areas of the body
such as eyes.

Moreover, due to these injuries team members will have to seek medical
attention which means that they will not be able to actively participate in the
construction process as they will have to be hospitalized in serious cases for
weeks or sometimes months.
2.1.2) The hazard and risk that is encountered due to misunderstanding the
specification

The Hazard
Once the tasks in the construction stage has been allocated to each team
member based on the specification provided where each team member will do
their allocated task. If one of the team member misunderstands the
specification and therefore carries out the task incorrectly this means that part
of the prototype being constructed will not be as mentioned in the
specification. Therefore, the final constructed prototype may not be as
required in the specification by the contractors.

The Risk
Once the final prototype is produced and when the group members compare
the final prototype to how it should look like in the specification and they now
realize that it is highly deviated from what is required in the specification few
days close to the submission deadline. The team members will not have time
re-assemble the parts of the Mars Lander, therefore they present the incorrect
prototype and a lower grade will be allocated since the group has not met the
needs and wants of their contractors.

On the other hand, once the group members notice the difference in their
Mars Lander from that of the specification and they decide to re-assemble the
parts. As result there is high probability that it will take longer time to obtain
the final corrected Mars Lander thereby leading to delays in the final
submission. Therefore, group members will have to face late penalties on their
project leading to a lower grade in the construction stage, further, causing the
overall grade for the project to be low.

Furthermore, it should be noted that re-assembling the parts of the prototype

would mean that previously used supplies which were made under the
incorrect specification will not have the ability to be re-used to make
correction which would mean that there will be a loss of resources therefore
few of the raw materials and supplies for that section will have to be
purchased. Moreover, the group may go above the budget specified. Thereby,
lower grades will be allocated for the construction stage in turn there will be a
lower overall grade due to the loss of resources and over- spending above the
budget.
2.1.3) The hazard and risk that is encountered as a result of the negative
mentality of a team member.

The Hazard
A group member undergoing a very complicated stage in life due to certain
personal issues due to reasons that are outside of the control of the group, this
would mean that the mentality of the group member is a rather negative than
positive. As a result, he/she will tend to avoid group meetings, lectures and
workshops which means that this team member will not know what he or she
is responsible of, which areas need to be completed, when the submissions are
due and what the deadlines are affecting the progress of the overall group.

The Risk
As mentioned above the mentality of a group member affects the progress of
the group. Firstly, the team member not having a proper understanding of
what is going on in the group due to absenteeism would mean that they will be
relying on other group members on filling up on all the details of the meetings
lectures and workshops. Therefore, other group members may find it
frustrating to help their team member complete his/her assignments and keep
up with their own workload which may cause a fall in other team members
progress and making it hard for all members to finish allocated tasks on time.

Secondly, this member not knowing when deadlines and submission dates are
will mean that his/her work will not be completed by the due date and if this
part of the stage is essential to carry out the further activities within the group
then all team members as a whole will not be able to achieve their goals on the
specified dates.

Thirdly, due to the negative mentality, the team member will not be able to
complete his/her work with a positive attitude. As this team member will be in
a mind set to somehow complete the work without taking into account, if the
piece of work is up to standard and move towards solving their own personal
issues. Therefore the quality of the work produced will minimized greatly.

Overall, it should be noted that as the team members progress decreases the
overall progress of the group decreases. There will be a lack of quality within
the assignments submitted also the submissions will not be made on time
causing the group to face late submission penalties. Due to these reasons the
overall grade for the construction stage will be reduced and the final grade for
the unit to decrease.
2.2) Mitigation Strategies to overcome or reduce the risks in the construction
stage

2.2.1) Mitigation Strategies to avoid injuries caused a hand or fingers of a

team member when using a power drill.

1. Training on the safe use of the power drill

Firstly, before the use of the power drill it is essential that all members
using the power drill are given training on the safe use of the power drill.
It should be noted that whether a team member has previous
experience in the use of a power drill or not, this training is essential as
one may forget the correct use of drill over the years.

This training will cover basic safety rules such as necessary protective
clothing required when using a drill, for example the use of safety gloves
and how they need to be worn effectively to minimize the risk of injury.

Moreover, a demonstration as to how the surrounding should be

adjusted so that it has less physical contact with the process of the
drilling, for example refraining from wearing loose clothing and jewellery
which may entrap with power drill. Most importantly, the
demonstration should include a clear explanation regarding the hand
posture or how the drill should be held just before drilling, while drilling
and once the drilling is completed. Further, other safety precautions that
need to be undertaken will have to be explained in detail.

In addition, it is crucial that each member attending the training session

should be given the chance of putting what they learned into action
under the supervision of the instructors. This will enable the instructors
to monitor if they have understood and grasped the knowledge from the
training session.

Finally, it should be noted that this this demonstration session has to be

carried out by a experienced instructor or demonstrator.

2. Drug and alcohol testing and the state of mentality

A crucial aspect which needs to be taken into account before carrying
out the tasks involving a power drill is the mental state. It is important to
identify if a team member has the appropriate levels of concentration
and focus when carrying out the task at hand this can be done by a
 psychometric test which would last up to 10 to 15 minutes just before
carrying out the operations. This can be graded and candidates that
obtain 80% or above this test can be selected to carrying out the drilling
task.

Furthermore, it is equally important to recognize if team members are

under drugs or alcohol to ensure that they have the suitable mindset to
carry out the tasks efficiently and effectively.

2.2.2) Mitigation Strategies to avoid misinterpretations in specification by

the contractors of the other group, who will be building the prototype.

1. Constant communication with the designers and supervision by the

designers of the other team.
It should be noted that to keep the construction of the Mars Lander
consistent with that of the specification the contractors of the other
group should communicate with the designers on a regular basis.
By regular communication with designers all questions that arise during
the meetings can be clarified effectively and all assumptions that may
have to be made during for the construction can be denied or accepted.
Communication can take place in various methods such as an email or
meeting with the designers. Most importantly, constant supervision of
the Mars Lander during working progress by the designers would be
quite productive. Since all errors can be identified and can be adjusted
accordingly.

This reduces the chances of misinterpreting the specification since

communicating with designers will help the contractors to identify the
needs and the wants of how they would want the Mars Lander to look
exactly.

2. Discussion of the specification with team members and construction

progress reports.
The misinterpretations of the specification can be minimized to a great
extent by organizing the group meetings with team members. During
the group meetings team members will discuss each section of the
specification in detail as to how each part will be constructed. In these
sessions each member will go through each instruction provide their
feedback carefully and take down notes and produce a manual on the
 standard procedure that will be followed by the group on how the
construction can be put into action.

Once each team member has a great understanding about the groups
construction procedure each task can be allocated between the team
members. Thereafter, during the weekly meetings each member should
provide the progress report of the allocated task and go through how
the task have been carried out. Moreover, the weekly progress report
should be compared with the groups construction manual to identify if
the tasks carried out are same or deviated from the manual.

For instance, if the tasks are carried out differently to that of the manual
before they go further with next steps the errors can be identified,
corrected and then can proceed to the following steps.

2.2.3) Mitigation Strategies to avoid the effects of negative mentality of a

team member or members.

1. Setting early deadlines

If a team members performance is less due to a negative mentality it
affects the quality and standard of the Mars Lander. This can be avoided
by setting early deadlines at least one week prior to the actual
submissions. This way it provides team members space to go through
the work of the other members of the team and provide feedback as to
what needs to be improved. Therefore, this week prior to the
submissions can be used in the further improving the prototype to
maintain standards.

Since negative mentality affects the progress and the slows down the
rate at which tasks are completed. Setting early deadlines at least one
week prior to the actual submission will mean that the group has this
time to get the uncompleted tasks done and ensure the submissions
take place on time avoiding any penalties due to late submission.
2. Identifying members that are falling behind in completing the tasks
given by measuring progress of team members
In order to identify team members that are falling behind in completing
tasks, the group can implement a scheme to measure the progress of
the team members. This can done by each team member presenting to
the group which tasks has been completed with evidence during the
weekly team meetings. Once the members that are falling behind are
identified necessary steps can be carried out to avoid and keep the
group on track.
2.3 Evaluating the Residual Risk

Hazard Risk Residual Likelihood Consequences

Risk
Puncturing hand Injury to a Risk can be Rare High
or finger or team reduced
harming sensitive members after
places such as an hand, finger carrying out
eye due to the or sensitive the
Power Drill. area such as mitigation
an eye.
Team member Lead to Risk can be Unlikely Low
(Contractor) of the delays in the reduced
other group who is construction after
building our process when carrying out
prototype, the the
Misunderstanding contractors mitigation
the specification try to correct and some
therefore the mistake. cases if
constructing the Thereafter, mitigation is
prototype facing late followed
different to that of submission correctly risk
the specification. penalties and can be
overspending eliminated
above budget
specified in
correcting the
error may
lead to a
reduction in
overall grade.
Negative Lead to Risk can be Eliminated Minor
mentality of a delays due to reduced
team member or fall in after
members due to progress, carrying out
personal issues facing late the
which are out of submission mitigation
the control of the penalties.
group affecting Also, lack of
the progress of quality and
construction and standard of
quality of the prototype
prototype. leads to a
overall
reduced
grade.

Figure 2.3.1B Residual risk being evaluated in terms of Likelihood and

Consequences.
3.0) Testing Stage
Mentioned below in the figure 3.1C are the possible hazards and risks
encountered in the testing stage which are explained in detail below the table.
Moreover, the likelihood and the consequences for each corresponding risk
are identified. It should be noted that the scales for the likelihood and
consequence of a particular risk is explained in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2
respectively. Furthermore, the possible mitigating strategies to overcome the
mentioned risks are explained in detail. Finally, the residual risk has been
explained and evaluated in terms of likelihood and consequence for each risk
in the testing stage.

3.1 Table of Risks and Hazards.

HAZARD RISK LIKELIHOOD CONSEQUENCES

3.1.1) Unstable This may lead to a Unlikely Moderate
components of break down in
the Mars Lander certain
components in
the Mars Lander
during the testing
stage.
3.1.2) Prototype prototype is Unlikely Major
getting misplaced unavailable for
testing therefore
leads to a fail in
the testing stage
3.1.3) The It causes the Likely Low
prototype doesnt reduction in the
perform as we overall grade
expected in the
specification
Figure 3.1C The hazards and risks for Designing Stage
3.1.1) The hazard and the risk encountered due to unstable components of
Mars Lander

The Hazard
If the Mars Lander is not constructed to a good standard and quality during the
construction stage this would mean that the parts of the prototype are quite
unstable. As a result, this may lead to the break down in the prototype during
the testing stage.

The Risk
When the Mars Lander is unstable and breaks down this means that it has not
performed as required. Therefore, marks will be deducted as the needs and
the wants of the client is not met. Leading to a overall reduced grade.

3.1.2) The hazard and the risk encountered due to prototype getting
misplaced.

The Hazard
If the prototype gets misplaced or parts of the prototype gets misplaced this
means that a complete Mars Lander will not be available for the testing stage,
which means that the group cannot do the testing on the specified deadline.

The Risk
Prototype not available at the testing would mean that the group will receive a
fail grade for the testing stage which would mean that the final grade for the
unit will be very low.

3.1.3) The hazard and the risk encountered when the prototype doesnt
perform as expected

The Hazard
It should be noted that if the prototype is not assembled correctly, if the
correct materials are not used, if the appropriate procedure is not followed or
if any other variables important at construction is not taken into account
during the construction stage the prototype will not perform as required.
The Risk
As the Mars Lander does not perform according to that of the specification it
may not meet the needs and the wants of the client. As a result, the group will
receive a lower grade for the testing stage leading to a fall in the overall grade
for the unit.

3.2) Mitigation strategies to overcome or reduce risks in the Testing Stage.

3.2.1) Mitigation strategies to avoid experiencing unstable components of

the Prototype.

1. Supervising and communication with contractors.

Constant supervision of the Mars Lander during working progress by the
designers would be quite productive. This will enable the contractors to
inspect if all parts of the prototype are being well fitted, if appropriate type
and amount of a specific material is used to avoid in instability in the Mars
Lander. It is also important that designers and contractors constantly
communicate with one another during meetings and address all areas that
needs to be improved.

2.Setting up a construction manual and inspecting it.

The contractors can divide the specification and produce a construction plan
during the construction stage as to how each part can be constructed. This
construction plan can be approved by the designers to ensure that each part is
been set up accurately and suggestions to improve the construction plan can
be provided by the designers to ensure the stability of the Mars Rover during
the testing stage,

3.2.2) Mitigation strategies to avoid Mars Lander getting misplaced

1. Place it in a safe place

In order to avoid the mars lander getting misplaced firstly, if the prototype is
going to be kept at University premises ensure the prototype is labelled with
the group name and then place in a safety cupboard with the
acknowledgement of one of the technical managers.

Secondly, if group members are taking the prototype home then ensure that it
is placed in a safe place and is locked to avoid it being misplaced. Further, carry
out regular checks if it is still in the place it was locked. Also, make sure it is out
of the reach of any other members in the house such as animals and children
who may decide to experiment with the prototype.

3.2.3) Mitigation strategies to avoid a situation where the prototype doesnt

perform as required in the specification

To avoid the risk of prototype not performing the way we expect, the
constructors should have multiple tests before the prototype is taken to the
final testing and ensure that the prototype resembles how it should look as
explained in the specification. To do this, constructors should have good time
management such as setting up early deadline this action will ensure that
constructors are working effectively to finish the prototype earlier to the
official deadline. Then they will have some spare time for the group tests.

In addition, every team member should attend to these tests, because as a

group they can highlight what needs to adjusted where team members can
share their ideas with each other easily. It is significant to note that designers
also should be present at the group tests where they can also provide
suggestions as to which areas need to be further developed.

3.3) Evaluating the Residual Risk

HAZARD RISK RESIDUAL LIKELIHOOD CONSEQUENCES

RISK
Unstable This may Risk can be Rare Low
components lead to a reduced after
of the Mars break down carrying out
Lander in certain the
components mitigation.
in the Mars
Lander
during the
testing
stage.
Prototype prototype is Risk can be Rare High
getting unavailable eliminated
misplaced for testing after carrying
therefore out the
leads to a fail mitigation
in the testing
 stage
The It causes the Risk can be Unlikely Minor
prototype reduction in reduced after
doesnt the overall carrying out
perform as grade the
we expected mitigation.
in the
specification
Figure 1.3.1C Residual risk being evaluated in terms of Likelihood and
Consequences.
APPENDIX 01

Scales for Likelihood and Consequences

Likelihood

Likelihood Scale Description

Rare Has a probability of th Very less chance of risk
of chance of it occurring
happening.
Unlikely Has a probability of nd Low chance of the risk
of chance of it occurring
happening.
Likely Has a probability of th Moderate chance of the
of chance of it risk-taking place
happening.
Possible Has a probability of High chance of the risk-
th
4/4 of chance of it taking place
happening.
Figure 1.2.1 Scales for the likelihood of a particular risk.
APPENDIX 02

1.2.2 Consequences

Consequences Scale Description

Minor 20% of the Team members carrying
project affected out tasks under stressed
out conditions.
However, no reduction
in grades as standard is
maintained and no late
submission penalties
faced.
Low 40% of the Reduction of grade by a
project affected small percentage such
as 5% or less due to the
lack of standard in the
assignments.
High 60% of the Facing penalties due to
project affected. late submission and
20% injury to a minor injuries or
team member wounds to team
members.
Moderate 75% of the Leading to a reduced
project affected grade due to lack of
40% injury to a progress and further
team member facing penalties for late
submission.
Injuries to team
members leading to
absenteeism due to
hospitalization for 1 2
weeks.
Major 90% of the Leading to a fail in a
project affected particular stage. Major
60% injury to a injury to the team
team member member leading to
absenteeism due to
hospitalization for a
 period of 1 month or
more.
Figure 1.2.2 Scales for the consequences of a particular risk.

Reference:

Referred to www.familyhandyman.com
C7 GROUP THREE
MARS LANDER/ROVER

TENDER EVALUATION
CRITERIA
This section of the design package will deal with the criteria which will be used to ascertain which
company is best suited to implement the designed MARS ROVER. These criteria have been
developed based upon the Risk Assessment Plan shown in the section above. The winning team will
be decided based on the marks awarded for each criteria, marks are awarded based on how well the
contractors meet each criteria. The Criteria to be evaluated are summarised as below;

CRITERIA MARK ALLOCATED

1. KNOWLEDGE OF THE DESIGN 25

2. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 20

3. WOODWORK EXPERIENCE 30

4. ACCESS TO RELEVANT TOOLS 50

5. ACCESS TO P.P.E 20

TOTAL NUMBER OF CRITERIA TOTAL POSSIBLE MARKS

5 145
 1.1. Knowledge of the design;

We require the successful construction company to have sufficient understanding of the design
drawing, the specifications and the construction sequence. Understanding of the design will be
gauged by a simple questionnaire regarding the proposed design which the tendering companies will
complete. Marks are associated with each question and thus the best performing team for this
criteria will be the one answering the most questions correctly. The questionnaire will need to be
completed a week after the design package is made available to the tendering companies.

QUESTION MARK ACHIEVED MARK ALLOCATED

1. HOW MANY AXLES ON THE MARS LANDER? 5

2. AS PER THE CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE, WHAT IS 5

CONSTRUCTED FIRST?

3. HOW MANY HOLES ARE DRILLED INTO THE SIDE 5

PANELS (EACH PANEL)

4. WHAT MATERIAL IS THE AXLE MADE FROM? 5

5. WHAT WOOD IS USED FOR THE BASE OF THE 5

MARS ROVER?
 1.2. Effective communication

We require the constructing company to demonstrate effective communication skills as

there will need to be communications between our designers and the constructers. We will
send an Email communication to the tendering company, a week after the design package
becomes available to them through Blackboard, between 9am and 5pm. We will require a
response within 48 hours to our communication, and this reply must be between 9am and
5pm or half of the marks awarded will be deducted. The winning company will be chosen
according to the following table;

TIMEFRAME TIME SENT/RECEIVED MARK ACHIEVED MARK ALLOCATED

24 HOURS OR LESS 20

24 TO 48 HOURS 10

MORE THAN 48 HOURS 0

 1.3. Experience with woodwork

The use of certain equipment, a power drill for example, which have the potential to
cause harm to an inexperienced operator, will be required for the construction of the
MARS ROVER. To ensure the contracting company has at least some basic experience
with power tools, enough to safely implement the design will need to be assessed. It has
been decided that as woodwork requires the use of such tools, experience in woodwork
will be a good way to gauge how well this criteria is met. Furthermore it is required
these evidences to be a maximum of three years ago to ensure these skills are relatively
fresh. The following criteria have therefore been developed.

WOODWORK EXPERIENCE MARK ACHIEVED MARK ALLOCATED RELEVANT DATES

NONE 0

HIGH SCHOOL 10

10

TAFE/WORK/WORK EXPERIENCE 20
 1.4. Access to relevant tools

Having the right tools for the job is crucial, so in this section of the tender evaluation we will be
analysing the contractors ability to acquire tools deemed necessary for construction of the MARS
ROVER. To gauge which contractors are most suited to receipt of the contract for construction, the
following table has been developed. Each tendering company will be assessed according to their
access to the tools listed below which have been weighed according to their importance to
implementation of the project. Marks will be allocated for access to listed tools. Evidence of tools
will be required, sufficient evidence would be a photo of the tools with their student ID card in the
photo. The criteria of tools and their allocated mark is listed below.

Equipment Marks Allocated Mark Achieved

Lead pencil or black 1

marker

Phillips head screw driver 1

Carpenters square 2

Ruler or Tape measure 2

Centre punch 2

Hacksaw 2

Wood saw 3

Countersinking drill bit 3

0/3
3mm drill bit 3

6mm drill bit 3

7mm drill bit 3

Electric drill 5

Small hammer 5

G-clamp or bench vice 5

120mm diameter hole saw 5

0/5
Circular saw 5
0/5
Total Mark 50
37
 1.5. Access to Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E)

Staying safe throughout the entire project is the number one priority. For that reason, we require
the contracting company to be able to demonstrate access to the relevant PPE (personal protective
equipment), in good condition. These equipment have deemed to be extremely important to the
safe completion of the construction of the MARS ROVER. We require the contractors check off which
of the listed tools, at least one contractor from the team has access to. According to allocated marks,
the team will accrue points and the team accruing the most points will have shown their suitability
according to this criteria.

Personal Protective Equipment Marks Allocated Marks Achieved

Eye and face protection

Safety glasses 3
Safety mask 3

Hearing protective devices

Ear plugs/ ear muffs 3

Hand and foot protection

Gloves 3
Safety boots
3

Body protection

Long sleeve shirt 1.5

Full length pants 1.5

Head protection

Safety helmets 2

Total Mark 20
20
C7 GROUP THREE
MARS LANDER/ROVER

PROJECT SCHEDULE /
GANTT CHART
 Wk5 Wk6 TFW TFW Wk7 Wk8 Wk9 Wk10 Wk11 Wk12 Wk13 Wk14

EFPC Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 2 Handover Engineering Oral

Deadlines Design Contractors Designers Identity Presentations
Package Reflection

Team Action Peer

Plan Feedback
Presentation

Other Calculus Geology Calculus Calculus Calculus Poster for Sustainable Geology
Deadlines Assessment Practical Test Assessment Assessment Chemistry Development Practical 2
Programming Test Group Project
Mechanics Mechanics Poster for Sustainable Sustainable Introduction to
Test Practical Chemistry Development Development Test Petroleum
Intro Individual Mechanics Group
Petroleum Practical Presentation
Test

Contractors Collect evidence Study design package

Seek clarification if necessary
Begin Construction

Meet with potential designers

Prepare tender application

Designers Review and refine

tender criteria for
ease of evaluation

Prepare/ complete design evaluation

Implement, discuss design refinement