EMILIO AGUINALDO

- born on March 22, 1869, in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines

- Nicknamed Miong
- seventh out of eight children
- father: Carlos Aguinaldo y Jamir, town mayor or gobernadorcillo of Old Cavite
mother: Trinidad Famy y Valero.

EARLY LIFE
- He went to elementary school and attended secondary school at the Colegio de
San Juan de Letran
- dropped out before earning his high school diploma when his father passed away
in 1883

KATIPUNAN AND THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION:

1894
= Andres Bonifacio himself inducted Emilio Aguinaldo into the Katipunan
1896
= after the Spanish executed Jose Rizal, the Katipunan started their
revolution.
= Aguinaldo married his first wife - Hilaria del Rosario
1897, March
= the two Katipunan factions met in Tejeros for an election. In which
Aguinaldo won
= refusing to recognize Aguinaldo's government, Aguinaldo had him arrested
two months later.
1897, May 10
= Bonifacio and his younger brother were charged with sedition and
treason and were executed on, on Aguinaldo's orders.
1897, June
= Spanish troops defeated Aguinaldo's forces and retook Cavite
1897, December
= Aguinaldo and his government ministers agreed to dissolve the rebel
government and go into exile in Hong Kong

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR:

1898, April 25
= start OF Spanish-American War
1898, May 19
= Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines
1898, June 12
= the revolutionary leader declared the Philippines independent
1898, December 10
= Spain surrendered its remaining colonial possessions (including the
Philippines) to the US in the Treaty of Paris.

AGUINALDO AS PRESIDENT:
 1899, January
= Emilio Aguinaldo was officially inaugurated as the first president of the
Philippine Republic

RESISTANCE TO AMERICAN OCCUPATION:

1899, February
= the first Philippines Commission from the US arrived in Manila
1899, November
= Aguinaldo was once again running for the mountains, his troops in disarray.

1901, March 23
= American special forces disguised as prisoners of war infiltrated
Aguinaldo's camp at Palanan, on the north-east coast of Luzon and seized the
president.
1901, April 1
= Emilio Aguinaldo formally surrendered, swearing allegience to the United
States of America. His defeat marked the end of the First Philippine Republic.

WORLD WAR II AND COLLABORATION:

= Emilio Aguinaldo continued to be an outspoken advocate of independence

for the Philippines. =Asociacion de los Veteranos de la
Revolucion (Association of Revolutionary Veterans), worked to ensure that
former rebel fighters had access to land and pensions.
1935
= the Philippine Commonwealth held its first elections after decades of
American rule. Then aged 66, Aguinaldo ran for president but was soundly
defeated by Manuel Quezon.
=He joined the Japanese-sponsored Council of State and made speeches
urging an end to Filipino and American opposition to the Japanese occupiers.
1945
=US recaptured the Philippines, Emilio Aguinaldo was arrested and
imprisoned as a collaborator. However, he was quickly pardoned and
released.

POST-WORLD WAR II ERA:

1950
= Aguinaldo was appointed to the Council of State again, this time by
President Elpidio Quirino.
1962
= President Diosdado Macapagal moved the celebration of Independence Day
from July 4 to June 12

EMILIO AGUINALDO'S DEATH AND LEGACY:

 1964, February 6
= the 94-year-old first president of the Philippines passed away due to a
coronary thrombosis.

* He left behind a complicated legacy. To his credit, Emilio Aguinaldo

fought long and hard for independence for the Philippines, and worked
tirelessly to secure veterans' rights. On the other hand, he ordered the
execution of rivals including Andres Bonifacio, and collaborated with the
brutal Japanese occupation of the Philippines.