Design and Implementation of Smart Solar LED Street Light

Maheshkumar Narsayya Bhairi Manohar Suresh Edake

Student: Electrical Engineering Dept., Student: Electrical Engineering Dept.,
NK ORCHID College of Engg. And Tech., Solapur NK ORCHID College of Engg. And Tech., Solapur
Solapur, India Solapur, India
maheshkumarbhairi@gmail.com edakemanohar@gmail.com

Shubhangi Shital Kangle Bhaskar Shivraj Madgundi

Student: Electrical Engineering Dept., Student: Electrical Engineering Dept.,
NK ORCHID College of Engg. And Tech., Solapur NK ORCHID College of Engg. And Tech., Solapur
Solapur, India Solapur, India
shubhangiskangle@gmail.com bhaskarmadgundi@gmail.com

Prof. Bhosale V. B.
Faculty: Electrical Engineering Dept.,
NK ORCHID College of Engg. And Tech., Solapur
Solapur, India
virajbhosale@orchidengg.ac.in

Abstract- This paper proposes energy efficient of smart street
lighting system using low cost microcontroller based Arduino.
The main objective is to design energy efficient smart
streetlight for energy conservation in existing streetlights of
rural area, urban area and exclusively for smart cities. The
system consists of LED luminaire, LED driver, PV panel,
charge controller light sensor, motion sensor, Arduino. The
smart streetlight is controlled on the basis of traffic on road
and day/night time. The system is programmed to
automatically turn off during the hours of daylight and only
operate during the night and heavy raining or bad weather.
Many times we see that street lights are remain switched ON
even during day time, this is total of wastes of electricity while
India is facing lack of electricity. Another problem is the
traditional street lamp e.g. Sodium vapour, Metal halide,
Incandescent, Fluorescent lamps consumes more power as
compared to new advanced Led Lights. Streetlights can be
operated free of cost by using automatic controlled, self-
powered, efficient solar LED street light.
KeywordsSmart LED street light; Solar; Energy efficient;
Street Lighting, Illumination.
I. INTRODUCTION
In entire world there are more than 300 million of street lights,
which emits 100 million tons of carbon dioxide per year.
40% of energy is wasted which costs around 20 billion dollars.
Therefore for economical operation of street lights and
reduction of carbon footprints, High efficient LED luminaire
with smart control of illumination level is the demand and
need of time. About India, India consumes 18% of electricity
for street lighting and residential lighting in which street
lighting takes major part, while India is facing shortage of
electricity. In December 2014, Government of India proposed
and started to use LED luminaire in streetlights. If all existing
streetlight replaced with LED lights then India will be
benefited by 5,500 crore of rupees every year and reduction in
CO2 emission. This is beneficial by many aspects like
economic, environmental, lighting performance, reduction in
road accidents, thief and crime. According to statistical data,
for residential lighting, every year in India 77 crore of
incandescent, fluorescent bulb and 40 crore of CFL bulb are
purchased, which consumes around 60 to 100 Watts and 30 to
40 Watts of power respectively, which lasts for one to
maximum four years only. Therefore use of efficient, long
lasting 10 to 15 year LED lights would be wise decision. LED
is considered a promising solution to modern street lighting
system due to it is behavior and advantages as emphasized in
[1]-[3]. apart from that, the advantages of LED are likely to
replace the traditional street lamp such as the incandescent
lamp, fluorescent lamp and High Pressure Sodium Lamp in
future but LED technology is an extremely difficult process
that requires a combination of advanced production lines, top
quality materials and high-precision manufacturing process.
Therefore, this paper highlights the energy efficient street
lighting design using LED lamps through intelligent sensor
interface for controlling intensity of light.
Still today almost all street lights are switched manually and
thus due to manual error they are not switched at proper time,
sometimes streetlights are remains ON during daytime.
Therefore time based streetlights are also used to turn on and
off on preset time, but still this method has disadvantage due
to seasonal differences in time of sunset and sunrise.
The above problems of switching can be avoided using light
sensor based streetlights in addition with to turn on in heavy
rain and cloudy environment. In addition of this use of motion

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sensor allows controlling light intensity which ensures energy
saving and economical.
The proposed smart solar LED streetlight can be operated free
of cost with sufficient solar charging. The system can be made
more reliable by using auto changeover technique; in which
streetlight is automatically switched to utility supply if there is
insufficient charge in battery storage.
The battery starts charging in daytime via PV solar panel.
With the help of light sensor (LDR), in dusk, streetlight
automatically turns on with 30% of intensity and battery starts
discharging. If there is any movement of vehicle or person
then intensity of light will increase from 30% to 100% for
preset time period. After this preset delay intensity will
gradually reduce to 30%. In-between this if any movement is
detected then again intensity will increase to its maximum.
This ensures optimum lighting as well as energy saving. With
this automation technique, capacity (Ah) of battery required is
much less a compared to conventional solar LED streetlight.
The Arduino microcontroller receives command signal from
LDR light sensor, motion sensor and charge controller and
controls streetlight according to program loaded into it.
II. METHODOLOGY OF SMART SOLAR LED
STREET LIGHT
Four main parts have been discussed under this topic. Design
architecture is the main block function for the proposed design.
While, the hardware specifications of each component is given
below. Flow of the system is also explained.
A. Design Architecture:
Figure 1: Block diagram of proposed system
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B. Hardware Specification:
1) Arduino:
Arduino Uno R3[4] specifications are ATmega328
microcontroller, operating voltage at 5v, input voltage 7 to
12v, input voltage limit up to 20v, digital I/O pins 14, analog
pins 6, DC current 40mA, flash memory 32KB including
0.5KB used by boot loader. SRAM of 2KB, EEPROM of 1KB
and clock speed of 16 MHz some of the Features of Arduino
UNO are power: can be USB connection or external power
supply, with 7 to 12 volts recommended. The Arduino UNO
provides power pins for other devices, the variants are 5v, 3.3v
and Vin IOREF pin for optional power.
2) Solar panel:
As the name implies, these are cells that are grown from a
single crystal. The Monocrystalline solar PV panel is more
efficient than polycrystalline panel. Efficiency is about 18%.
High Efficient Monocrystalline solar panel generates
electricity during day time and it is stored in battery.
3) Battery:
It is a type of rechargeable battery, which uses lithium ion
Phosphate as a cathode material. Li ion Ph batteries have
somewhat high energy density, light weight offer longer
lifetime. Inherently safer hence lithium ion Phosphate is
popular among all storage batteries.
4) Sensors:
a) LDR(Light Dependent Resistor):
Light Dependent Resistor as the name suggests the
resistance is dependent upon the light incident on it. The LDR
resistance changes with intensity of light, with increase in
light intensity the resistance offered by the sensor decreases.
LDR sensor gives analog input value to control circuit. This
value can be used to automatically turn on/off the LED
streetlight.
b) PIR(Passive Infrared Sensor) Motion Sensor:
[6]
An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in
order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor
can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the
motion. These types of sensors measures only infrared
radiation, rather than emitting it, that is called as a passive IR
sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate
some form of thermal radiations. These types of radiations are
invisible to our eyes that can be detected by an infrared sensor.
5) LED(Light Emmiting Diode):
With the technological advancement in semiconductor
materia, LED lamps produces light within visible range
spectrum, therefore it has highest efficiency than
incandescent, sodium vapour and other lamps.Therefore
LED lamps worldwidely accepted for many lighgting
applications along with for Streetlighting purpose. LED
lamps having highest lifespan from 50,000Hrs to 1,00,000
Hrs and efficiency of of 100 to 120 lm/w.
6) Charge Controller:
 Charge controller is the interface between Solar what is battery backup for a selected intensity of light, power
Array and battery bank. It protects the battery from consumption, on/off condition etc. In coming years all cities
overcharging and moderate charging at finishing end of charge will have internet access, so IOT control of streetlight will can
be easily used.
of battery bank. Therefore it enhances the life of the battery
bank. It also indicates the charging status of batteries like Flow chart of system:
battery undercharged, overcharged or deep discharged through
LEDs indications. Some switches and MCBs are also provided
for manual or accidental cut-off of charging. In some charge
controllers load terminals are also provided through a low
battery charge cut-off device so that it can protect the battery
bank from deep discharge.
7) MOSFET(Metal oxide semiconductor field effect
transistor):
It is voltage controlled device, here used for PWM purpose
to control light intensity of streetlight.
8) LED driver:
It is basically coverts the inputs AC supply into DC supply
with appropriate voltage level required to LED array. There is
much research is going on for improving the lifespan of LED
driver. The lifespan can increased by reducing the load on
LED driver that is by means of smart controlling of intensity
level as proposed in this paper.

C. Software Development:
The microcontroller required a program to operate and execute
the process associated with the proposed design. Arduino
programming has been used to construct the program which
much easy, user friendly, simple to understand and a person
knowing only C language can also program. In this software
development, sensors are integrated and the decision for every
sensor will determine the process or operation of the system. It
starts with analyzing the dark sensor and followed by the
motion sensor and charge controller.
The system is start by determine the level of surrounding light,
Day light and night have been set as two surrounding light
level. During the day light as sufficient light falls on light
sensor, LED light is switch off. During the night time the light
start to operate with other sub conditions. If there is no motion
detected then lamp will ON with 30% of its maximum
intensity. And after detecting the motion, light bright up 100%
intensity. Or the system can be programmed in such a way that
light will be ON with 100% of intensity from dusk to preset
time up to 11 p.m. or 12 p.m. and after this system depends
on motion sensor. At the time of dawn/morning output of the
light sensor can be used to turn off the light. In such way
system can be programmed for efficient and optimum
utilization of energy.
D. IOT based Control:
The system can be integrated as application of Internet of
things (IOT) by using low cost ESP Wi-Fi module, so that
brightness of the LED can be set to any required value. And
different parameters of street light can be monitored with the
of internet such as charging percentage of charge in battery,
Figure 2: Flowchart of the proposed system
III. WORKING OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
During day time solar panel produces electricity and it
stored in the battery.
In dusk to dawn time light sensor gives command to
arduino controller.
As per program it executes command and turns LED ON
to 30% of max intensity when there is no motion below
streetlight.
If any person or vehicle passes nearby streetlight, motion
sensor activates and gives command to arduino to
increase brightness to 100%.
After preset time and if there is no movement detected,
intensity reduces gradually to 30%.
At the time of morning LDR will send command to
arduino and hence street light will turn OFF.
Normally streetlight will operate from electricity stored
in the battery.
If battery is not charged sufficiently due to cloudy
weather condition then streetlight will automatically
switch to utility supply.

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 IV. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Power consumption per month for existing SV, LED and
Smart solar LED Street light
1. Existing SV lamp:
(150W)*(12Hrs) *(30days) =54 kWhr
2. Ordinary LED lamp :
(30W)*(12Hrs) *(30days) =10.8 kWhr
3. LED lamp with automatic intensity control:
((30W*6Hrs) + (10W*6Hrs)) *(30days) = 7.2kWhr
The streetlight with solar PV panel does not consumes any
power from utility supply, therefore operates free of cost
within provided backup from battery.
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, the smart solar LED streetlight is presented.
As a conclusion, around 70% to 85% of power consumption
can be reduced by using this system as compared with existing
sodium vapour streetlights. This is best solution to current
street lighting system. Furthermore, the streetlight can be
operated with free of cost providing efficient solar panel and
battery. The smart solar LED streetlight system provides better
illumination, optimum usage of electricity with reducing
operational and maintenance cost after installation compare to
high pressure sodium lamp and others.
The streetlight can also be energized with footstep
generation system. Facilities such mobile charging point and
Wi-Fi spot can be provided to area near IT park, Malls and
different institutes. The proposed streetlight can be integrated
with CC TV camera, water level monitoring, and air quality
monitoring systems. The above various parameters can be
monitored and people of city, nearby area can be alerted for
any emergency condition.
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