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Theadjectivecanbeusedinasentencepredicativelyaspartofthepredicate.Inthiscase,itisnot
declined,e.g.
DerBriefkastenistgelb.
Almostalladjectivescanbedeclined.Adjectivesaredeclinedwhentheycomeasanattributebeforeanoun,
e.g.:
derneueFilm,aufeinergrnenWiese,mitkaltemBier
Therearethreetypesofdeclination:
1.afteradefinitearticleword(derneueFilm,diegrneWiese,daskalteBier)
Plural
Nominative dieneuenFilme
Accusative dieneuenFilme
Dative denneuenFilmen
Genitive derneuenFilme
2.afteranindefinitearticleword(einneuerFilm,einegrneWiese,einkaltesBier)
Plural
Nominativ neueFilme
Akkusativ neueFilme
Dativ neuenFilmen
Genitiv neuerFilme
3.withoutanarticleword(neuerFilm,grneWiese,kaltesBier)
Plural
Nominative grneWiesen
Accusative grneWiesen
Dative grnenWiesen
Genitive grnerWiesen
Manyadjectives(andsomeadverbs)canbeescalated(compared).Acomparableadjectivehasthree
comparisonforms:thepositive,thecomparativeandthesuperlative.Thepositivedoesnottakeonaspecial
form.Thecomparativeadjectiveisformedbyaddingthesuffixerthesuperlativebyaddingthesuffix(s)t.
Thevowelofmonosyllabicadjectivesoftenchanges.Sometimesaneisaddedtomakepronunciationalittle
easier:
Whenthecomparativeorsuperlativeisusedasapredicateorasanadverbialdeterminer,itisnotdeclined
(likethepositiveform),e.g.:
DieserWegistkrzer(alsderandere).JenerWegdauertamlngsten.
Whenthecomparativeorsuperlativeisusedasanattributeinfrontofanoun,itisdeclined(again,likethe
positiveform),e.g.:
DasistjadocheinlngererWeg.IchnehmelieberdenkrzestenWeg.
Someadjectiveescalationsareirregular:
gutbesserambesten
vielmehrammeisten
hochhheramhchsten
Thecomparisonformexpressesvaryingdegreesofacharacteristic.Theintenthereistomakeacomparison.
Positive:characteristicsarethesame,objectofcomparisoncanbecombinedwithwie:
Eristgro.
Eristsogrowiedu.
Eristsogro,wieichdachte.
Comparative:characteristicsdiffer(higherdegree),objectofcomparisoncanbecombinedwithals:
Eristgreralsdu.
Eristgrer,alsichdachte.
Superlative:characteristicsdiffer(highestdegree):
Eristamgrten(voneuch).
Numerals
Numeralscanbedifferentiatedbetweenthecardinalnumber(Grundzahlwrter)(eins,zwei)andthe
ordinalnumber(Ordnungszahlwrter)(erst(e),zweit(e)).Thesenumeralscanalsobecallednumber
adjectives.
Toformordinalnumbers,addtheendingt(e)tothecardinalnumbers1through19,e.g.:
zweizweit(e),elfelft(e)
Exceptionstothispatternare:
einserst(e),dreidritt(e),siebensiebt(e),achtacht(e)
Whenformingordinalnumbers20andup,theendingst(e)isaddedtothecardinalnumber,e.g.:
zwanzigzwanzigst(e),einunddreiigeinunddreigst(e),hunderthundertst(e)