Ma Hava Kya Vic Hara

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AVaX{eZr
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Preface
Foreword
H$meZdga - 2012 A{^ZXZ_ AmerdmXM i-iv
gH$aU_ - {Vr`_ CnH$_ v-viii
W_n[aN>oX - nyd_r_mgm .... 01
{Vr`n[aN>oX - Cma_r_mgm .... 43

_w{V{V{bn` - 500 VVr`n[aN>oX - `mH$aU_ .... 52
_y`_ - MVwWn[aN>oX - `mH$aU_ .... 59
n#m_n[aN>oX - `m`deo{fHo$ .... 70
fR>n[aN>oX - Ab>maem_ .... 86

Q>>U_ - `_.{d.`g.draZmJo
Cnghma .... 94
gJh bmoH$m .... 99

_wU_ -
gX^{ZX}em .... 101
ghm`H$JWgyMr .... 106
JWmZm g>Vo mjagyMr .... 109

`mH$aUmb>maMH$dVu,
PREFACE gm{h`{demaX, CnmMm` ({dlmV)
`mH$aU{dmdrU, gH$V{d^mJ
Sentence is taken as a unit of language. A group of words, which gm{h`{dmdrU, ^mfmdrU AmY{ddH$bmn[afV
render a unitary meaning, is called a sentence. On the other hand a group dmVo
An gmo_odae_m,
of sentences which are interconnected and serve a single purpose or idea is M.A. P.O.L.
called a Discourse or a Macro-sentence or a Mahvkya. The virtue of
serving a single purpose or idea is called onesentenceness. It exists in a A{^ZXZ_ AmerdmXM
sentence as well as in a Macro-sentence.
dV_mZ{dd{dmb`{dmg{dYmZo {nhoM.{S>. n>_wm_mom_
The ancient propagators of almost all the schools, such as
Prvamms, Vednta, Vykaraa, Nyya, Vaieika and lakrika n[aJ`Vo& VV UmbrMoW {dVo - E_.E. n>m{^{f$ ` H$mo{n dm
have observed this syntactical phenomenon. They difined and expounded AZwerbZmg$ ` H$#mZ _wI {df`_{YH$` ~Y_oH$ g>b` {dd-
onesentenceness in connection with Mahvkya which is also a syntacti- {dmb`m{YH$aUm` g_n`{V& VVmo `WmH$_ `Wm{Z`_ M V{f`Mw#md
cal unit. {MVwam A{^`w$m V n[aer` dr`_rH$ma {ZdoX`pV& g_ZVa
In this work I tried my best to prove that Mahvkya the unit of {dd{dmb` VXZwerbH$m` {nhoM.{S>. n> XXm{V& g Ed g
language both in Vedic, Sastric and spoken languages. S>mQ>a Cnm{YZm Am_mZ_b>amo{V& A S>mQ>a nX Vm{f`-
In this connection I sincerely thank Prof. P. Sriramamurthy who
H$mo{dXd H$Q>`{V& ^dVw&
encouraged and guided me all the way in brining the book to the present
shape. I am indebted a lot to Sri Appalla Someswara Sarma who patiendly C$Umbr_Zwg `d _hmdm`{dMma B`` ~Y S>mQ>a
listened the material to the letter and suggested additions and omissions in ^yfU gnmX`m_mg gH$Vo bmoHo$& g^y{fVMm Am`w_mZ H$moamS>
the script. My profound thank go to Sri Rani Narasimha Sastry who gw~`& e`monm`m{`H$`m A` _o AVrd g{Z{hV& A{^`w$`w$mZm
enlightened me in Vednta and thus helped in bringing out the concepts {e`, N>m, AVodmgr - B`m{X nXmZm gd}fm_`mnX ^d`` _Xrò
of Mahvkya of the Vedantins.
H$aUo& gmo` d~Y_{YH$` `pH${#mV d$`_ B{V gl`,
Dr. K. Subrahmanyam
gmZwamJ M ~hemo `doX`V& AZwerbZ{Z~Yo {ZH$fnar{jVo V{XX M{dV-
- ii - - iii -
MdU ^do{X{V dm`_mUmo@{n Jw~Ym{^{Zdoe_wmQ>`{V_ gw~`& V H$meVo& H$ eX? H$mo@W? V`mo g~Y H$se? g {Z`mo dm
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- viii -
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3. _hmdmò M dmò M >mo@W` g_mnZ_&
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V bmj{UH$s gkm emH$mag_r[aVm&&
8. ZmeVm{X`w$mZm dm`mZm {d{Y~mo{YZm_&
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100 _hmdm`{dMma gX^{ZX}em 101
9. Vd_`m{Xdm`mZm _hmdm`Wm VWm&

H$Z mH$a{UH$mW M ~moY`Vr{V H$maUmV&&
gX^{ZX}em
CnH$_ 12. V.dm.2.1.14.46
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1. N>m. 7.2.1 13. V.Am.2.15
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2. dm.n.2.123 14. _r.X.1.2.1.7
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5. {Z. 1.1 17. V.dm.1.4.1.1
12. dmWmZ_w mZdmZ H$pMV ~Vy o@d`dn#mH$_&
6. _r.X. 2.1.14.46 18. Qw>Q>rH$m 10.7.9.27
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W_n[aN>Xo 19. V.Am.3.4.4.13
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4. V.dm.3.3.7.14 23. d.n.147
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5. V.dm.1.4.13.24 24. em.^m.2.4.2.21
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VwV {h _`m VoZ gVwò`w~wYmgXm&& 9. em.^m. 3.2.10.27, 6.1.1.3, 28. _r.X.1.2.1.10
2.2.11.26, 3.6.7.22 29. V.g.2.2.5
t t t 10. V.dm.2.1.14.46 30. em.^m.1.4.10.22
11. V.dm.3.4.4.13 31. V.dm.1.4.11.22
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33. _r.X.1.4.11.20 55. _r.X.4.4.12.40 250 11. N>m.C.4.3.1
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36. em.^m.2.3.14.1 58. em.^m.6.4.7.25 AIS>mW{Z$nU_ 14. lr^m.1.1.1
59. _r.X.1.2.2.22 79. .n.1.1.5
37. V.dm.2.3.14.1 15. A.^m.1.1.1
60. _r.X.6.7.12.30 80. bmo.dm.dm`m.139.144
38. _r.X.2.3.14.2 16. A.^m.1.1.2
61. em.^m.2.4.2.21 81. em.^m.6.4.7.25
39. V.dm.2.3.14.2 17. Am.Vmo.O.^m.1.1.4
62. _r.X.9.2.8.30 82. bmo.dm.dm`m.262, 263
40. _r.X. 3.2.10.27 VVr`n[aN>Xo
63. _r.X.10.1.4.7 83. dm.n.1.4, 1.73, 2.112
41. em.^m.3.2.10.27 dm.n.2.76
64. Qw>Q>rH$m.10.1.4.7 84. bmo.dm.dm`m. 346 1.
42. V.g.2.5.11 2. dm.n.2.76
65. em.^m.1.1.1.6 85. _.^m.nnem.
43. em.^m.3.4.1.9 3. dm.n.2.88
66. _r.X.11.1.1.5 86. _r.X.1.1.5.5
44. V.dm.3.4.1.9 4. dm.n.2.112
67. _r.X.11.1.1.6 {Vr`n[aN>oX
45. em.^m.3.4.1.9 _r.X.11.1.2.13 5. dm.n.2.325
68. 1. ~.gy.1.1.4.
46. V.dm.3.4.1.9 em.^m.3.7.1.4 6. A.3.2.114
69. 2. ^m_Vr, A`mg^m`_
47. _r.X.3.4.2.10 em.^m.3.3.4.11 7. dm.n.2.76
70. 3. em.^m.1.1.31
48. O.`m.3.4.6/7.10 _mo.X.4.4.11.34 8. b._.AmH$mm{Z$nU_
71. 4. lr^m.1.1.4
49. V.g.1.6.8 _{U.n.99 9. b._. Vmn`{Z$nU_
72. 5. g.X.g.n.217, 219
50. V.g.2.6.3 73. V.dm.3.1.2.2 6. ~.Am.4.51 10. dm.n.389
51. _r.X.3.4.3.11 74. .nw.n.408 7. H$m.~m.3.1 MVwWn[aN>oX
52. V.g.6.1.1 75. A.{g.2. n[a. 8. N>m.C.4.1.1 1. V.dm.3.4.4.13
53. _r.X.4.3.1.1 AIS>mW {Z$nU_ 9. ~.gy.3.4.24 2. _.^m.4.1.1
3. dm.n.2.314 25. A.6.4.11 3. .^m.n.99 20. `m._.{.^m.n.144

4. dm.n.2.314 26. _.^.1.1.49 4. .^m.n.113 21. JmXm.Ad.n.1530
5. V.dm.1.4.13.24 27. _.^m.3.4.67 5. .^m.n.114 f>n[aN>oX

6. A.1.1.67 28. A.3.2.56 6. .^m.n.114 1. H$m.g.n.29
A.4.2.33 29. _.^m.3.4.67 `m.^m.1.1.39
7. 7. 2. H$m.g.n.30
30. A.3.2.1
8. _.^m.1.1.10 8. d.X.9.2.345 3. H$m.g.n.32
31. A.3.2.3
9. A.1.3.2 9. .^m.n.116 4. H$m.g.n.33
32. _.^.3.4.67 5. em.^m.2.4.2.21
10. A.1.1.71 10. .^m.n.125
33. dm.n.2.346, 347
11. A.1.1.9 11. `m.^m.gy.1.1.32 6. H$m.g.n.61
34. dm.n.2.348 7. H$m.g.n.66
12. A.1.1.66 12. `m.^m.Q>rH$m.1.1.32
35. dm.n.2.351
_.^m.1.1.11 8. d.n.487
13. 13. `m.^m.gy.1.1.33
36. V.dm.1.4.13.24 9. d.n.1333
14. A.1.1.1 14. `m.^m.gy.1.1.34
37. dm.n.2.349
10. d.n.1336
15. A.6.1.88 15. `m.^m.gy.1.1.35
38. A.2.4.71
11. H$m..5 Cm.
16. A.6.1.72 39. A.6.3.1
16. `m.^m.gy.1.1.36
12. gm.X.2.1
17. A.6.1.84 40. _.^m.3.4.67
17. `m.^m.gy.1.1.37
13. V.dm.1.2.1.7
18. A.6.1.89 41. A.1.2.46 18. `m.^m.gy.1.1.37
14. d.n.773
19. A.7.2.85 42. A.1.2.45 19. `m.^m.gy.1.1.39
15. e..8 H$me&
20. A.7.2.84 43. A.2.4.71
21. A.1.1.66 44. A.6.3.1 t t t
22. A.8.2.1 n#m_n[aN>oX
23. A.2.1.11 1. d.X.9.2.342, 343
24. A.8.1.16 2. d.X.9.2.345
106 _hmdm`{dMma ghm`H$JWgyMr 107
17. d`mbmoH$ - AmZXdYZ, _moVrbmb, {Xr, 1963.

ghm`H$JWgyMr 18. {Z$_ - `mH$, _ohaMX b_UXmg, 1963.
1. AUw^m`_ - d^mMm`, ^S>mH$a, nyZm, 1926. 19. `m`^m`_ - dm`m`Z, MmI~m, dmamUgr, 1925.
2. AV{g{ - _YwgyXZgadVr, _gy {dd{dmb`, 1937. 20. n[a^mfoXweoIa - ZmJoe, AmY{dd{dmb`n[afV, {demI-
3. AmZXVrWMVwgy^m`_ - _dmMm`, bm OZb, _mg, 1934. n>U_,1972.
4. Cn{Zfm`_ - e>amMm`m, ~by og, ~by, 1927. 21. eVnmX^m`_ - eVnmXmMm`, MmI~m, dmamUgr, 1926.
22. H$aUn{#mH$m - em{bH$ZmW{_l, ~Zmag {hXy `y{Zd{gQr> , 1969.
5. F$doX - {ddodamZX, hmo{f`mnw, 1964.
23. ~hVr - ^mH$a, {ZU`gmJa, _w~B, 1931.
6. H$m`mXe - XS>r, Amo[a`Q>b ~wH$ EOgr, nyZm, 1924.
24. ~hXma`H$mon{ZfV - MmIm~m, dmamUgr, 1981.
7. H$m`H$me - __Q>, AmZXml_, nyZm, 1929.
25. ~gy_ - `mg, MmI~m, dmamUgr, 1939.
8. H$m`mb>magL>Jh - ^m_h, VwH$mam_ OdmOr, _w~B, 1915.
26. _{U^m - Y_amOmd[a, lr do>Q>oda og, _w~`r, eH$.2833
9. H$mfrV{H$~mU_ - Amg\$S>, bS>Z, 1920.
27. _hm^m`_ - nVO{b, MmIm~m, dmamUgr, 1981.
10. JmXmYar - JXmYa^>, MmI~m, dmamUgr, 1970.
28. _r_mgmH$moe - mknmR>fmbm_S>b, Jmnwar (dm{`), 1954.
11. N>mXmo`mon{ZfV - _moVrbmb ObmZ, JmoaInwa.
29. _r_mgmXeZ_ - O{_{Z, AmZXml_, nyZm, 1930.
12. O{_Zr`m`_mbm{dVa - gmÙ, AmZXml_, nyZm, 1946.
30. _r_mgm`m`H$me - AmnXod, MmIm~m, dmamUgr, 1949.
13. Qw>Q>rH$m - Hw$_m[ab, AmZXml_, nyZm, 1930.
31. (d`mH$aU{gmV) bKw_Oyfm - ZmJoe, MmIm~m, dmamUgr, 1973.
14. Vdm{VH$_ - Hw$_m[ab, AmZXml_, nyZm, 1930.
32. dm`nXr`_ - ^Vh[a, ^S>mH$a, nyZm, 1978.
15. V{mar`ma`H$_ - _gya, 1972. 33. doXmWgL>Jh - am_mZwOm, nmSw>a OdmOr.
16. V{mar`g{hVm - d{XH$gemoYZ_S>b, nyZm, 1972. 34. deo{fH$XeZ_ - H$UmX, MmIm~m, dmamUgr, 1926.
35. eXH$mVw^ - ^>m{o OXr{jV, MmIm~m, dmamUgr, 1929.

JWmZm g>oVmjagyMr
36. em~a^m`_ - e~adm_r, AmZXml_, nyZm, 1930.
A. - A>m`m`r
37. emXr{nH$m - MmI~m, dmamUgr.
A.^m. - AUw^m`_
38. emaH$me - ^moO, lr{ZdmgOmoà, _gay , 1963. A.{g. - AV{g{
39. em>a^m`_ - e>amMm`, nmSw>a OdmOr, _w~`r, 1938. Am.Vr.M.^m. - AmZXVrWMVwgy^m`_
40. lr^m`_ - am_mZwOm, doXmVXo{eH${dhmag^m, 1960. F$. - F$doX
41. bmoH$dm{VH$_ - Hw$_m[ab, MmIm~m, dmamUgr, 1898. H$m. - H$m`mXe
H$m.. - H$m`H$me
42. gdXeZgL>Jh - gmÙ_mYd, ^S>mH$a, nyZm, 1978.
H$m.g. - H$m`mb>magL>Jh
43. gm{h`XnU_ - {ddZmW, _moVrbmb, {Xr, 1970. H$m.~m. - H$mfrV{H$~mU_
Jm. - JmXmYar
Z Z Z N>m. - N>mXmo`mon{ZfV
O.`m. - O{_{Z``m`_mbm{dVa
V.dm. - Vdm{VH$_
V.g. - V{mar`g{hVm
V.Am. - V{mar`ma`H$_
d. - d`mbmoH$
{Z. - {Z$_
`m.^m. - `m`^m`_
n.eo. - n[a^mfoXweI o a
.^m. - eVnmX^m`_
.n. - H$aUn{#mH$m
~. - ~hVr
~.Am. - ~hXma`H$mon{ZfV
~.g. - ~hg{hVm
~.gy. - ~gy_
_{U. - _{U^m
_.^m. - _hm^m`_
_r.X. - _r_mgmXeZ_
_r.`m.. - _r_mgm`m`H$me
b._. - (d`mH$aU{gmV) bKw_Oyfm
dm.n. - dm`nXr`_
d.X. - de{o fH$XeZ_
e.H$m. - eXH$mVw^
em.^m. - em~a^m`_
em.Xr. - emXr{nH$m
em.^m. - em>a^m`_
e.. - emaH$me
lr.^m. - lr^m`_
bmo.dm. - bmoH$dm{VH$_
g.X.g. - gdXeZgL>Jh
gm.X. - gm{h`XnU_

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_hmdm`{dMma

S>m. H$moamS> gw~`

gH$aU_ - {Vr`_ CnH$_ v-viii

W_n[aN>oX - nyd_r_mgm .... 01

{Vr`n[aN>oX - Cma_r_mgm .... 43

_y`_ - MVwWn[aN>oX - `mH$aU_ .... 59

n#m_n[aN>oX - `m`deo{fHo$ .... 70

fR>n[aN>oX - Ab>maem_ .... 86

gJh bmoH$m .... 99

ghm`H$JWgyMr .... 106

JWmZm g>Vo mjagyMr .... 109

Zm@`w^`V& `Wm`W `W{M` M _hdo VmV `moOH$ ^doV& gdWm M

AWH$d Zm_ `moOZ`_& VWm M `{X dm`g_wXm`oZ gd}Um`oH$ gggggggggggggggggggggggg

Vm{Z {d`oH$dm`V`d _hmdm`mW~moYZmam {H$`mon`mo{Jd_wnJN>pV& EH$dm`Vm{dYm`H$ M O{_{Zgy - `Own[a_mUm{YH$aUo2 .....

H$_U gH$mem{d{mH$aUmam H$_m}n`mo{Jd_& `moOZ_W&

dm`^oX{ZamH$aUoZ EH$dm`Vmmam _hmdm`mWkmZm` nydV o `m Vw{V, VXW} VgmnojU

Vw{VMm JwUdmXVw B{V gym_m`oZ Jm`od VWm@ A>dm{dYmZdmX `W}` VamoMZm&

d`dhma`wn{m{Z`pVm`m eXmWmdJVm `o `m`m d`dhmao ^mdZd {h dm`mW gdm`mVdm`m&

^mdH$d_ B{V {Vr`njo H$`wma``` KQ>dm{X{d{e>H$_dmXm emX~moYg^doZ EH$dm{XH$maH$KQ>d{deo`H$H$emX~moY`

gm_m`V dm`g_wXm``d _hmdm`gkm& me`{ZXm{X- gggggggggggggggggggggggg

gggggggggggggggggggggggg Wm`m VSw>bmZ nM{V ... B`m{X$noU dm``moJ b`Vo& EVmdXod

nydnydmdmVadm`mW_aUoZ VgH$mamam amOnwfdoe`mòZ _hm- n[ag_m{`mòZ& am_mÙJVmZm gd}fm_{n AdmVadm`mZm_oV_hm-

dm`ghmd`oZ XrKXrKVa _hmdm` gnVo& AdmVadm`g_wXm`- gggggggggggggggggggggggg

{^H$aUJVmdmVadm`mZm_oH$dm`V`m {gmV _hmdm`mV eXmWm dm`mn[ag_mo[a{V dUmZm_wnXoeVmdV& CnXoemomaH$mbogkm& Bgkmo-

gggggggggggggggggggggggg dmWmZw_mZo {bnam_e Ed H$maU_& _hmZgm{Xfw Yy_d`mo

gggggggggggggggggggggggg bmoH$mo@`_oH$ _hmdm`_& V W_ nmX YmZdm`_, {dYr`-

VmpV ` Hw$Vo bmoHo$ wnH$m{`H$& haoUod _a`mYd`m@ZrH$Vmo@{n gZ&

AZwJm mZwJm hH$g>ao M Ab>ma`mo nana_wnH$m`m}nH$maH$^md` VWmMm{^yVag{VnmXH$dm`mZm_ A^yVmb>madm`mZm Mmm{-

gggggggggggggggggggggggg A` M bmj{UH$mo `dhma& dm`g_wXm``d _hmdm` gkm`m `m`-

d`mH$aUmZm _Vo _hmdm` dm`{_dmIS>_od& VmdmVa- Amb>m[aH$mM g_`g_WH$m{X^mdmZwgmaoU ` `modm@{YH$mZm

XmhaUmonZ`{ZJ_Z$n g _hmdm`doZ drH$V& {Vkm{XgyMH$dm`mZm `m`m`dmV&

_hmdm`gkm VmXJ Wgma~moYH$d_m{l`d, Vd_gr`mXrZm{_do{V

9. Vd_`m{Xdm`mZm _hmdm`Wm VWm&

3. dm.n.2.314 25. A.6.4.11 3. .^m.n.99 20. `m._.{.^m.n.144

5. V.dm.1.4.13.24 27. _.^m.3.4.67 5. .^m.n.114 f>n[aN>oX

17. d`mbmoH$ - AmZXdYZ, _moVrbmb, {Xr, 1963.

35. eXH$mVw^ - ^>m{o OXr{jV, MmIm~m, dmamUgr, 1929.

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