876

Word building
It is useful to know how to build up word families, and for some exams you need to
know these word families. In the list below, words in bold type are words which
have the symbol by them in the dictionary, meaning that they are very common
and important to learn. The other words on each line are words in the same family,
often formed with prefixes and suffixes, or sometimes just a different part of
speech (e.g. anger, which is a noun and a verb). All the words in this list have
entries in the dictionary except for some beginning with un-, im-, in- or ir-, or
ending with -ly or -ily, where the meaning is always regular. Sometimes words
in a word family can have meanings which are quite different from others in the
group, so you should always check in the dictionary if you are not sure of the
meaning.

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

ability, disability, inability enable, disable able, unable, disabled ably
acceptance accept acceptable, unacceptable, acceptably,
accepted unacceptably
accident accidental accidentally
accuracy, inaccuracy accurate, inaccurate accurately, inaccurately
accusation, the accused, accuse accusing accusingly
accuser
achievement, achiever achieve achievable
act, action, inaction, act acting
interaction, reaction,
transaction
activity, inactivity activate active, inactive, interactive, actively
proactive
addition add additional additionally
admiration, admirer admire admirable admirably
advantage, disadvantage advantageous, disadvantaged advantageously
advertisement, advertiser, advertise advertise
advertising
advice, adviser advise advisable, inadvisable, advisedly
advisory
agreement, disagreement agree, disagree agreeable agreeably
aim aim aimless aimlessly
amazement amaze amazed, amazing amazingly
anger anger angry angrily
announcement, announcer announce unannounced unannounced
appearance, disappearance, appear, disappear, reappear
reappearance
applicant, application apply applicable, applied
appreciation appreciate appreciable, appreciative appreciatively
approval, disapproval approve, disapprove approving, disapproving approvingly
approximation approximate approximate approximately
argument argue arguable, argumentative arguably
arrangement arrange, rearrange
art, artist, artistry artistic, arty artistically
shame shame ashamed, unashamed, shamefully, shamelessly
shameful, shameless
attachment attach, detach attached, unattached,
detachable, detached
 877

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

attack, counter-attack, attack, counter-attack
attacker
attention attend attentive, inattentive attentively
attraction, attractiveness attract attractive, unattractive attractively
authority, authorization authorize authoritarian, authoritative,
authorized, unauthorized
availability available, unavailable
avoidance avoid avoidable, unavoidable
awareness aware, unaware unawares
base, the basics, basis base baseless, basic basically
bearer bear bearable, unbearable
beat, beating beat unbeatable, unbeaten
beautician, beauty beautiful beautifully
beginner, beginning begin
behaviour /US behavior, behave, misbehave behavioural/US behavioral
misbehaviour/US misbehavior
belief, disbelief believe, disbelieve believable, unbelievable unbelievably
block, blockage block, unblock blocked, unblocked
blood, bleeding bleed bloodless, bloody
the boil, boiler boil boiling
bore, boredom bore bored, boring boringly
break, breakage, outbreak break broken, unbreakable,
unbroken
breath, breather, breathing breathe breathless breathlessly
brother, brotherhood brotherly
build, builder, building build, rebuild
burn, burner burn burning, burnt
burial bury buried
calculation, calculator calculate incalculable, calculated,
calculating
calm, calmness calm calm calmly
capability capable, incapable capably
care, carer care careful, careless, caring, carefully, carelessly
uncaring
celebration, celebrity celebrate celebrated, celebratory
centre /US center, centre/US center, centralize, central, centralized centrally
centralization, decentralize
decentralization
certainty, uncertainty ascertain certain, uncertain certainly, uncertainly
challenge, challenger challenge challenging
change change changeable, interchangeable,
unchanged, changing
character, characteristic, characterize characteristic, characteristically
characterization uncharacteristic
chemical, chemist, chemistry chemical chemically
circle, semicircle, circulation circle, circulate circular
cleaner, cleaning, clean clean, unclean clean, cleanly
cleanliness
clarity, clearance, clearing clear clear, unclear clear, clearly
close, closure close closed, closing
closeness close close, closely
clothes, clothing clothe clothed, unclothed
collection, collector collect collected, collective collectively
colour/ US color, colour/US color coloured/US colored, colourfully/US
colorfully
colouring/ US coloring discoloured/US discolored,
colourful/US colorful,
colourless/US colorless
combination combine combined
 878

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

comfort, discomfort comfort comfortable, comfortably
uncomfortable, comforting
commitment commit noncommittal, committed
communication, communicate communicative,
communicator uncommunicative
comparison compare comparable, incomparable, comparatively
comparative
competition, competitor compete competitive, uncompetitive competitively
completion, incompleteness complete complete, incomplete completely,
incompletely
complication complicate complicated,
uncomplicated
computer, computing, computerize
computerization
concentration concentrate concentrated
concern concern concerned, unconcerned
conclusion conclude concluding, conclusive, conclusively
inconclusive
condition, precondition, condition conditional, unconditional conditionally,
conditioner, conditioning unconditionally
confidence confide confident, confidential confidently,
confidentially
confirmation confirm confirmed, unconfirmed
confusion confuse confused, confusing confusingly
connection connect, disconnect connected, disconnected,
unconnected
subconscious, unconscious, conscious, subconscious, consciously,
consciousness, unconscious unconsciously
unconsciousness
consequence consequent, inconsequential consequently
consideration consider, reconsider considerable, considerate, considerably,
inconsiderate, considered considerately
continent continental, intercontinental
continuation, continuity continue, discontinue continual, continued, continually,
continuous continuously
contribution, contributor contribute contributory
control, controller control controlling, uncontrollable uncontrollably
convenience, inconvenience inconvenience convenient, inconvenient conveniently
convince convinced, convincing, convincingly
unconvincing
cook, cooker, cookery, cook cooked, uncooked
cooking
cool, coolness cool cool coolly
correction, correctness correct correct, incorrect, corrective correctly, incorrectly
count, recount count, recount countable, uncountable,
countless
cover, coverage, covering cover, uncover undercover, uncovered undercover
creation, creativity, creator create, recreate creative, uncreative creatively
crime, criminal, incriminate criminal, incriminating criminally
criminologist
critic, criticism criticize critical, uncritical critically
crowd, overcrowding crowd crowded, overcrowded
cruelty cruel cruelly
cry, outcry cry crying
culture, subculture cultural, cultured culturally
cure cure cured, incurable
custom, customer, customs accustom customary customarily
cut, cutting cut, undercut cutting
damage, damages damage damaging, undamaged
danger endanger endangered, dangerous dangerously
 879

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

dare, daring dare daring daringly
dark, darkness darken dark, darkened, darkening darkly
date date, predate dated, outdated
day, midday daily daily
dead, death deaden dead, deadly, deathly deadly, deathly
deal, dealer, dealings deal
deceit, deceiver, deception deceive deceitful, deceptive deceptively
decision, indecision decide decided, undecided, decisive, decidedly, decisively,
indecisive indecisively
decoration, decorator decorate decorative decoratively
deep, depth deepen deep, deepening deeply
defeat, defeatism, defeatist defeat undefeated, defeatist
defence/US defense, defend defenceless/US defenseless, defensively
defendant, defender indefensible, defensive
definition define definite, indefinite definitely,
indefinitely
demand, demands demand demanding, undemanding
democracy, democrat democratic, undemocratic democratically
demonstration, demonstrator demonstrate demonstrable, demonstrative demonstrably
denial deny undeniable undeniably
dependant, dependence, depend dependable, dependent, dependably,
independence, dependency independent independently
description describe describable, indescribable, descriptively
descriptive, nondescript
desire desire desirable, undesirable,
desired, undesired
destroyer, destruction destroy indestructible, destructive destructively
determination, determiner determine determined, predetermined determinedly
indeterminate
developer, development, develop, redevelop developed, undeveloped,
redevelopment developing
difference, indifference, differ, differentiate different, indifferent differently
differentiation
directness, direction, direct, redirect direct, indirect directly, indirectly
directions, director
disagreement disagree disagreeable disagreeably
disappointment disappoint disappointed, disappointing disappointingly
disaster disastrous disastrously
disciplinarian, discipline discipline disciplinary, disciplined,
undisciplined
discoverer, discovery discover
distance distance distant distantly
disturbance disturb disturbed, undisturbed, disturbingly
disturbing
divide, division, subdivision divide, subdivide divided, undivided, divisible,
divisive
divorce, divorcee divorce divorced
do, doing do, outdo, overdo, redo, undo done, overdone, undone
doubt, doubter doubt undoubted, doubtful, undoubtedly,
doubtless doubtfully
dream, dreamer dream dream, dreamless, dreamy dreamily
dress, dresser, dressing dress, redress, undress dressed, undressed, dressy
drink, drinker, drinking, drink drunk, drunken drunkenly
drunk, drunkenness
drive, driver, driving drive driving
due, dues due, undue due, duly, unduly
earner, earnings earn
earth unearth earthy, earthly, unearthly
ease, unease, easiness ease easy, uneasy easily, uneasily, easy
 880

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

east, easterner east, easterly, eastern east, eastward(s)
economics, economist, economize economic, economical, economically
economy uneconomic(al)
education educate educated, uneducated, educationally
educational
effect, effectiveness, effect effective, ineffective, effectively, ineffectively
ineffectiveness ineffectual
effort effortless effortlessly
election, re-election, elector, elect, re-elect unelected, electoral
electorate
electrician, electricity electrify electric, electrical electrically
electronics electronic electronically
embarrassment embarrass embarrassed, embarrassingly
embarrassing
emotion emotional, emotive emotionally
emphasis emphasize emphatic emphatically
employee, employer, employ unemployed
employment,
unemployment
encouragement, encourage, discourage encouraged, encouraging, encouragingly
discouragement discouraging
end, ending end unending, endless endlessly
energy energize energetic energetically
enjoyment enjoy enjoyable enjoyably
enormity enormous enormously
entrance, entrant, entry enter
entertainer, entertainment entertain entertaining entertainingly
enthusiasm, enthusiast enthuse enthusiastic, unenthusiastic enthusiastically,
unenthusiastically
environment, environmental environmentally
environmentalist
equality, inequality equalize equal, unequal equally, unequally
escape, escapism escape escaped, inescapable inescapably
essence, essentials essential essentially
estimate, estimation estimate, overestimate estimated ,
underestimate
event, non-event eventful, uneventful, eventual eventfully, eventually
exam, examination, examine, cross-examine
cross-examination, examiner
excellence excel excellent excellently
excitement excite excitable, excited, exciting, excitedly, excitingly
unexciting
excuse excuse excusable, inexcusable inexcusably
existence exist, coexist non-existent, existing,
pre-existing
expectancy, expectation expect expectant, unexpected expectantly,
unexpectedly
expense, expenditure, expend expensive, inexpensive expensively,
expenses inexpensively
experience, inexperience experience experienced, inexperienced
experiment experiment experimental experimentally
expert, expertise expert, inexpert expertly
explaining, explanation explain unexplained, explanatory, inexplicably
explicable, inexplicable
explosion, explosive explode exploding, explosive explosively
exploration, explorer explore exploratory
expression express expressive expressively
extreme, extremism, extreme, extremist extremely
extremist, extremity
 881

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

fact factual factually
fail, failure fail unfailing unfailingly
fairness fair, unfair fairly, unfairly
faith, faithfulness faithful, unfaithful faithfully
familiarity, family familiarize familiar, unfamiliar familiarly
fame famed, famous, infamous famously, infamously
fashion fashion fashionable, unfashionable fashionably,
unfashionably
fat fatten fat, fattening, fatty
fastener fasten, unfasten
fault fault faultless, faulty faultlessly
fear fear fearful, fearless, fearsome fearfully, fearlessly
feel, feeling, feelings feel unfeeling
fiction, nonfiction fictional
fill, refill, filling fill, refill filling
final, finalist, semifinal finalize final finally
finish finish finished, unfinished
firmness, infirmity firm, infirm firmly
fish, fishing fish fishy fishily
fit, fittings fit fitted, fitting fittingly
fix, fixation, fixture fix fixed, transfixed, unfixed fixedly
flat flatten flat flat, flatly
flower flower flowered/flowery, flowering
fold, folder fold, unfold folded, folding
follower, following follow following
force force forceful, forcible forcefully, forcibly
forest, deforestation, forested
forestry
forgetfulness forget forgetful, unforgettable forgetfully
forgiveness forgive forgiving, unforgiving
form, formation, form, reform, transform reformed
transformation, reformer,
transformer
formality formalize formal, informal formally, informally
fortune fortunate, unfortunate fortunately,
unfortunately
freedom, freebie free free free, freely
freeze, freezer, freezing freeze freezing, frozen
frequency, infrequency frequent frequent, infrequent frequently,
infrequently
freshness, refreshments freshen, refresh fresh, refreshing freshly, refreshingly
friend, friendliness befriend friendly, unfriendly
fright frighten frightened, frightening, frighteningly,
frightful frightfully
fruit, fruition fruitful, fruitless, fruity fruitfully, fruitlessly
fund, refund, funding fund, refund funded
furnishings, furniture furnish furnished, unfurnished
garden, gardener, gardening garden
generalization generalize general generally
generosity generous generously
gentleness gentle gently
gladness gladden glad gladly
glass, glasses glassy
good, goodies, goodness, good
goods
government, governor govern governmental, governing governmentally
gratitude, ingratitude grateful, ungrateful gratefully
greatness great greatly
 882

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

green, greenery, greens green
ground, underground, ground groundless, underground underground
grounding, grounds
grower, growth, grow, outgrow growing, grown, overgrown
undergrowth
guilt, guiltiness guilty guiltily
habit habitual habitually
hair, hairiness hairless, hairy
hand, handful hand underhand, handy
handle, handler, handling handle
hanger hang, overhang hanging
happiness, unhappiness happy, unhappy happily, unhappily
hardship harden hard hard, hardly
harm harm harmful, harmless, unharmed harmlessly
head, heading, overheads head, behead overhead, heady overhead
health healthy, unhealthy healthily, unhealthily
hearing hear, overhear unheard, unheard of
heart heartened, heartening, heartily, heartlessly
heartless, hearty
heat, heater, heating heat, overheat heated, unheated heatedly
height, heights heighten heightened
help, helper, helpfulness, help helpful, unhelpful, helpless helpfully, helplessly
helping
height high high, highly
historian, history historic, prehistoric, historical historically
hold, holder, holding hold
home home homeless, homely home
honesty, dishonesty honest, dishonest honestly, dishonestly
hope, hopefulness, hope hopeful, hopeless hopefully, hopelessly
hopelessness
human, humanism, humanity, humanize human, inhuman, humanly, humanely
inhumanity superhuman, humane
hunger hungry hungrily
hurry hurry hurried, unhurried hurriedly
hurt hurt unhurt, hurtful hurtfully
ice, icicle, icing ice icy icily
identification, identity identify identifiable, unidentified
imagination imagine imaginable, unimaginable, imaginatively,
imaginary, imaginative unimaginably
importance important, unimportant importantly
impression impress impressionable, impressive impressively
improvement improve improved
increase increase increased increasingly
credibility, incredulity incredible, credible, incredibly,
incredulous incredulously
independence, independent independently
independent
industrialist, industrialization, industrial, industrialized, industrially,
industry industrious industriously
infection, disinfectant infect, disinfect infectious infectiously
inflation inflate, deflate inflatable, inflated, inflationary
information, informant, inform, misinform informative, uninformative,
informer informed, uninformed
injury injure injured, uninjured
innocence innocent innocently
insistence insist insistent insistently
instance, instant instant, instantaneous instantly,
instantaneously
instruction, instructor instruct instructive instructively
 883

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

intelligence intelligent, unintelligent, intelligently
intelligible, unintelligible
intent, intention intend intended, unintended, intentionally,
intentional, unintentional unintentionally
interest interest interested, interesting, interestingly
disinterested, uninterested
interruption interrupt uninterrupted
interview, interviewee interview
introduction introduce introductory
invention, inventiveness, invent, reinvent inventive inventively
inventor
invitation, invite invite uninvited, inviting invitingly
involvement involve involved, uninvolved
item itemize itemized
joke, joker joke jokingly
journal, journalism, journalistic
journalist
judge, judg(e)ment judge judgmental
juice, juices juicy
keenness keen keenly
keep, keeper, keeping keep kept
kill, overkill, killer, killing kill
kindness, unkindness kind, unkind kindly, unkindly
knowledge know knowing, knowledgeable, knowingly,
known, unknown unknowingly,
knowledgeably
enlargement enlarge large largely
laugh, laughter laugh laughable laughably
law, lawyer, outlaw outlaw lawful, unlawful lawfully, unlawfully
laziness lazy lazily
lead, leader, leadership lead lead, leading
learner, learning learn, unlearn learned, unlearned
legality, illegality, legalization legalize legal, illegal legally, illegally
length lengthen lengthening, lengthy lengthily
liar, lie lie lying
life lifeless, lifelike, lifelong lifelessly
light, lighter, lighting, light, lighten light lightly
lightness
dislike, liking like, dislike likeable
likelihood likely, unlikely likely
limit, limitation, limitations limit limited, unlimited
literature, literacy literary, literate, illiterate
liveliness, living live, outlive, relive live, lively, living live
local, location, relocation dislocate, relocate local locally
loser, loss lose lost
loud aloud, loud/loudly
love, lover love lovable, unlovable, lovingly
loveless, lovely, loving
low lower low, lower, lowly low
luck lucky, unlucky luckily, unluckily
machine, machinery, mechanical, mechanized mechanically
mechanic, mechanics,
mechanism
magic, magician magic, magical magically
make, remake, maker, making make, remake unmade
man, manhood, mankind man manly, manned, unmanned
management, manager manage manageable, unmanageable,
managerial
mark, marker, markings mark marked, unmarked markedly
 884

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

market, marketing, marketer market marketable
marriage marry, remarry married, unmarried
match match matching, unmatched
material, materialism, materialize material, immaterial,
materialist, materials materialistic
meaning mean meaningful, meaningless meaningfully
measure, measurement measure measurable, immeasurable immeasurably
medical, medication, medical, medicated, medically,
medicine medicinal medicinally
memorial, memory memorize memorable memorably
mentality mental mentally
method, methodology methodical, methodological methodically
militancy, militant, military, militant militantly, militarily
the military, militia
mind, minder, reminder mind, remind mindless mindlessly
minimum minimize minimal, minimum, minimally
minimalist
miss miss missing
mistake mistake mistaken, unmistakable unmistakably,
mistakenly
mix, mixer, mixture mix mixed
modernity, modernization modernize modern
moment momentary, momentous momentarily
mood, moodiness moody moodily
moral, morals, morality, moral, amoral, immoral morally
immorality
mother, motherhood motherly
move, movement, removal, move, remove movable, unmoved, moving movingly
remover
murder, murderer murder murderous murderously
music, musical, musician musical, unmusical musically
name name, rename named, unnamed, nameless namely
nation, national, nationalize national, international, nationally,
multinational, nationalism, multinational, nationalistic internationally
nationalist, nationality,
nationalization
nature, naturalist, naturalize natural, unnatural, naturally, unnaturally
naturalization, naturalness supernatural, naturalistic
the supernatural
necessity, necessitate necessary, unnecessary necessarily,
unnecessarily unnecessarily
need, needs need needless, needy needlessly
nerve, nerves, nervousness unnerve nervous, unnerving nervously, unnervingly
news, renewal renew new, renewable, renewed newly, anew
night, midnight overnight, nightly
noise noisy noisily
normality/US normalcy, normal, abnormal normally, abnormally
abnormality, norm
north, northerner north, northerly, northern north, northward(s)
notice notice noticeable, unnoticed noticeably
number, numeral number, outnumber, innumerable, numerical,
enumerate numerous
nurse, nursery, nursing nurse
obedience, disobedience obey, disobey obedient, disobedient obediently,
disobediently
occasion occasional occasionally
offence/US offense, offend offensive, inoffensive offensively
offender, offensive
office, officer, official official, unofficial officially, unofficially
the open, opener, opening, open open, opening openly
openness
 885

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

operation, cooperation, operate, cooperate operational, operative, operationally
operative, cooperative cooperative
operator
opposition, opposite oppose opposed, opposing, opposite
opposite
option opt optional optionally
order, disorder order disordered, orderly, disorderly
organization, organize, disorganize, organizational, organized,
disorganization, reorganize disorganized
reorganization, organizer
origin, original, originality, originate original, unoriginal originally
originator
owner, ownership own, disown
pack, package, packaging, pack, unpack, package packed
packet, packing
pain pain pained, painful, painless painfully, painlessly
paint, painter, painting paint
part, counterpart, parting, part, partition partial, parting part, partially, partly
partition
pass, overpass, underpass, pass passing
passage, passing
patience, impatience, patient, impatient patiently, impatiently
patient
pay, payment, repayment pay, repay unpaid, underpaid
peace peaceful peacefully
perfection, imperfection, perfect perfect, imperfect perfectly
perfectionist
performance, performer perform
permission, permit permit permissible, impermissible,
permissive
person, personality personalize, personify personal, impersonal, personally
personalized
persuasion persuade, dissuade persuasive persuasively
photo, photograph, photograph photogenic, photographic
photographer, photography
picture picture pictorial, picturesque
place, placement, place, displace, replace misplaced
displacement, replacement
plan, planner, planning plan unplanned
plant, transplant, plantation plant, transplant
play, player, interplay, replay, play, outplay, replay playful playfully
playfulness
pleasure, pleasantry, please, displease pleasant, unpleasant, pleasantly, unpleasantly
displeasure pleased, displeased,
pleasing, pleasurable
poem, poetry, poet poetic
point, pointer point pointed, pointless pointlessly
politeness polite, impolite politely, impolitely
politician, politics politicize political, politicized politically
popularity, unpopularity, popularize popular, unpopular popularly
popularization
population populate populated, unpopulated,
populous
possibility, impossibility, possible, impossible possibly, impossibly
the impossible
post, postage post postal
power, superpower power, empower, overpower powerful, overpowering, powerfully
powerless
practical, practicalities, practicable, practical, practically
practicality impractical
 886

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

practice, practitioner practise/US practice practised/US practiced,
practising/US practicing
precision precise, imprecise precisely
preference prefer preferable, preferential preferably
preparation, preparations prepare prepared, unprepared,
preparatory
present, presence, present, represent present, presentable presently
presentation, presenter
pressure, press press, pressure/pressurize pressed, pressing, pressurized
prevention prevent preventable,
preventive/preventative
price price overpriced, priceless,
pricey/pricy
print, printer, printing print printed
prison, prisoner, imprison
imprisonment
privacy, private, privatization privatize private privately
probability probable, improbable probably, improbably
process, processing, process processed
procession, processor
produce, producer, product, produce, reproduce productive, counterproductive,
production, reproduction, reproductive, unproductive
productivity
profession, professional, professional, professionally
professionalism unprofessional
profit, profitability profit profitable, unprofitable profitably
progress, progression progress progressive progressively
proof prove, disprove proven, unproven
protection, protector protect protected, unprotected, protectively
protective
provider, provision, provide provisional provisionally
provisions
public, publication, publicist, publicize public publicly
publicity
publisher, publishing publish published, unpublished
punishment punish punishable, punishing,
punitive
purification, purist, purity, purify pure, impure purely
impurity
purpose purposeful purposefully, purposely
push, pusher push pushed, pushy
qualification, qualify, disqualify qualified, unqualified
disqualification, qualifier
quarter, quarters quarter quarterly quarterly
question, questioning, question questionable, unquestionable unquestionably
questionnaire
quiet, disquiet quieten/quiet quiet quietly
race, racism, racist racial, multiracial, racist racially
rarity rare rarely
rate, rating, ratings rate, underrate overrated, underrated
reaction, reactor react, overreact reactionary
read, reader, readership, read readable, unreadable
reading
readiness ready readily
realism, realist, reality, realize real, unreal, realistic, real, really,
unreality, realization unrealistic realistically
reason, reasoning reason reasonable, unreasonable reasonably,
unreasonably
receipt, receipts, receiver, receive receptive
reception, recipient
recognition recognize recognizable, unrecognizable recognizably
 887

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

record, recorder, recording recorded, unrecorded record
referee, reference, referral refer, referee
reflection reflect reflective
regret regret regrettable, regretful regrettably, regretfully
regular, regularity, irregularity, regulate regular, irregular regularly
irregularly
relation, relations, relate related, unrelated, relative relatively
relationship, relative
relaxation relax relaxed, relaxing
reliability, reliance rely reliable, unreliable, reliant reliably
religion religious, irreligious religiously
the remainder, remains remain remaining
remark remark remarkable, unremarkable remarkably
repair, disrepair repair irreparable irreparably
repeat, repetition repeat repeated, repetitive/repetitious repeatedly, repetitively
report, reporter report unreported reportedly
representation, represent representative,
representative unrepresentative
reputation, disrepute reputable, disreputable, reputedly
reputed
respect, disrespect, respect respectable, respected, respectably,
respectability respectful, disrespectful, respectfully,
respective disrespectfully,
respectively
respondent, response, respond responsive, unresponsive responsively
responsiveness
responsibility, responsible, responsibly,
irresponsibility irresponsible irresponsibly
rest, unrest, restlessness rest restless restlessly
retiree, retirement retire retired, retiring
reward reward rewarding, unrewarding
riches, richness, enrichment enrich rich richly
ride, rider, riding ride, override overriding
right, rights, rightness, right right, righteous, rightful right, rightly, rightfully
righteousness
roll, roller roll, unroll rolling
romance, romantic romance, romanticize romantic, unromantic, romantically
romanticized
rough, roughage, roughness rough, roughen rough rough, roughly
round, rounders, roundness round round, rounded round, roundly
royal, royalist, royalty royal, royalist royally
rudeness rude rudely
rule, ruler, ruling rule, overrule ruling, unruly
run, rerun, runner, running, run, outrun, overrun running, runny
rundown
sadness sadden sad sadly
safe, safety safe, unsafe safely
satisfaction, dissatisfaction satisfy satisfactory, unsatisfactory, satisfactorily,
satisfied, dissatisfied, unsatisfactorily
unsatisfied, satisfying
save, saver, saving, savings, save
saviour/US savior
scare scare scared, scary
school, pre-school, schooling pre-school
science, scientist scientific, unscientific scientifically
score, scorer score, outscore, underscore
search, research, researcher search, research searching
seat, seating seat, unseat seated
secrecy, secret secret, secretive secretly, secretively
 888

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

sense, nonsense, sensibility, sense sensible, senseless, sensibly, sensitively,
sensitivity, insensitivity, sensitive, insensitive insensitively
sensor
separation separate separable, inseparable, inseparably, separately
separate
seriousness serious seriously
servant, serve, server, serve, service serviceable, servile
service, disservice,
services, serving
sex, sexism, sexuality, sexist sexist, sexual, bisexual, sexy sexually
shadow shadow, overshadow shadowy
shake shake shaky shakily
shape shape shapeless, shapely
(pencil) sharpener, sharpness sharpen sharp sharp, sharply
shine shine, outshine shiny
shock shock shocked, shocking shockingly
shop, shopper, shopping shop
short, shortage, shortness, shorten short short, shortly
shorts
shyness shy shy shyly
sick, sickness sicken sick, sickening, sickly sickeningly
sight, insight, oversight, sight sighted, unsightly
sighting
sign, signal, signatory, sign, signal signed, unsigned
signature, signing
significance, insignificance signify significant, insignificant significantly,
insignificantly
silence, silencer silence silent silently
similarity similar, dissimilar similarly
simplicity, simplification simplify simple, simplistic simply
singer, singing sing unsung
single, singles single single, singular singly
skill skilful/US skillful, skilled, skilfully/US skillfully
unskilled
sleep, sleeper, sleepiness, sleep asleep, sleepless, sleepy sleepily
sleeplessness
slight slight, slighted, slightest slightly
slip, slipper slip slippery
smoke, smoker, non-smoker, smoke smoked, smoking,
smoking non-smoking, smoky
smoothness, smoothie smooth smooth smoothly
society, sociologist, socialize sociable, unsociable, social, socially
sociology anti-social, unsocial
softness soften soft softly
solid, solidarity, solidity, solids solidify solid solidly
solution, solvent solve soluble, insoluble, unsolved,
solvent
south, southerner south, southerly, southern south, southward(s)
speaker, speech speak unspeakable, speechless, unspeakably
outspoken, unspoken
special, specialist, specialize special, specialized specially
speciality/US specialty,
specialization
speed, speeding speed speedy speedily
spelling, speller spell, misspell
spoils spoil spoilt/spoiled,
unspoiled/unspoilt
sport sport sporting, sporty
spot spot spotted, spotless, spotty spotlessly
stand, standing, standoff, stand, withstand standing, outstanding outstandingly
standstill
 889

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

standard, standardization standardize standard, substandard
start, starter, non-starter start, restart
statement, understatement state, overstate understated
steam, steamer steam steamy
steepness steep steeply
sticker stick sticky, stuck, unstuck
stiffness stiffen stiff stiff, stiffly
stone stone stoned, stony
stop, stoppage stop non-stop non-stop
storm storm stormy
straighten straight straight
stranger strange, estranged strangely
strength strengthen strong strongly
stress stress stressed, stressful
strike, striker strike striking
structure, restructuring structure, restructure structural structurally
student, study study studious studiously
stupidity stupid stupidly
style style stylish stylishly
substance substantiate substantial, insubstantial, substantially
substantive
success, succession, succeed successful, unsuccessful, successfully,
unsuccessfully successor successive
suddenness sudden suddenly
sufferer, suffering suffer insufferable insufferably
suggestion suggest suggestive suggestively
summer, midsummer summery
supplier, supplies, supply supply
support, supporter support supportive
supposition suppose, presuppose supposed supposedly
surface surface, resurface surface
surprise surprise surprised, surprising surprisingly
surroundings surround surrounding
survival, survivor survive
suspect, suspicion suspect suspect, suspected, suspiciously
unsuspecting, suspicious
swearing swear sworn
sweet, sweetener, sweetness sweeten sweet sweetly
swim, swimmer, swimming swim
symbol, symbolism symbolize symbolic symbolically
sympathy, sympathizer sympathize sympathetic, unsympathetic sympathetically
system systematic systematically
takings, undertaking take, overtake, undertake
talk, talks talk talkative
taste, distaste taste tasteful, distasteful, tastefully, distastefully
tasteless, tasty
tax, taxation tax taxable, taxing
teacher, teaching, teachings teach
tear tearful tearfully
technicalities, technicality, technical technically
technician, technique
technology technological technologically
thanks thank thankful, thankless thankfully
theorist, theory theorize theoretical theoretically
thickness thicken thick thickly
thinness thin thin thinly
think, rethink, thinker, think, rethink unthinkable
thinking
 890

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

thirst thirsty thirstily
thought, thoughtfulness thoughtful, thoughtless thoughtfully,
thoughtlessly
threat threaten threatening threateningly
tightness tighten tight tight, tightly
time, overtime, timer, timing time timeless, timely, untimely
tiredness tire tired, tireless, tiresome, tiring tirelessly
title, subtitles entitle titled
top, topping top top, topless, topmost
touch touch touched, untouched, touchingly
touching, touchy
toughen tough toughly
trade, trader, trading trade
tradition, traditionalist traditional traditionally
trainee, trainer, train trained, untrained
training, retraining
transport, transportation transport
treat, treatment, treat, mistreat untreated
mistreatment
trick, trickery trick tricky
trouble trouble troubled, troublesome
trust, distrust, mistrust, trust, distrust, mistrust trusting, trustworthy
trustee
truth, untruth, truthfulness true, untrue, truthful truly, truthfully
try try trying, untried
turn, upturn, turning turn, overturn upturned
twist, twister twist twisted
type, typist typify typical typically
understanding, understand understandable, understandably,
misunderstanding understanding, misunderstand
misunderstood
upset upset upset, upsetting
urgency, urge urge urgent urgently
usage, use, disuse, misuse, use, misuse, reuse reusable, used, disused, usefully
usefulness, user unused, useful, useless
valuables, value, values value, devalue valuable, invaluable,
undervalued
variable, variance, vary variable, varied, various invariably, variously
variant, variety
view, overview, preview, view, preview, review
review, viewer
violence violate violent, non-violent violently
visit, visitor visit, revisit
vote, voter vote
want, wants want wanted, unwanted
war, warfare, warrior postwar, warring
warmth warm warm warmly
wash, washer, washing wash washable, unwashed
waste, wastage waste waste, wasteful wastefully
watch watch watchful
water, waters water underwater, underwater
waterproof, watery
way, subway wayward midway
weakling, weakness weaken weak weakly
wear, underwear wear wearing, worn
week, midweek weekly, midweek weekly, midweek
weight, weights weigh, outweigh overweight, underweight,
weighted, weighty
welcome welcome welcome, unwelcome
 891

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

west, western, westerner westerly, western west, westward(s)
white, whiteness whiten white
whole whole, wholesome,
unwholesome
width widen wide wide, widely
wild, wildness wild wildly
willingness, willing, unwilling willingly, unwillingly
unwillingness
win, winner, winnings win
winter, midwinter wintry
wire, wireless, wiring wire wiry
woman, womanhood womanly
wonder wonder wonderful wonderfully
wood wooded, wooden
wool woollen/US woolen,
woolly/US wooly
word, wording word
work, workaholic, work, rework workable, unworkable,
worker, workings overworked, working
world, underworld world, worldly, unworldly, worldwide
worldwide
worry worry worried, unworried, worryingly
worrying
worth worth, worthless, worthwhile,
worthy, unworthy
writer, writing write, rewrite written, unwritten
wrong wrong wrong, wrongful wrong, wrongly,
wrongfully
year yearly yearly
young, youngster, youth young, youthful