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'30 MW
23,000 Sq. FI. 600MW
6-Pressure
440,000 Sq. FI.
, .)
.. .
. ,.....i.t...
STAG Cycle
fliii:
<~. ';::;:. ::.~
: .,
;'-'
.,
97,580 Sq. Ft. --_1--:--., ~~. '~:::...:~'.~"~:.,
:-,' " . oo' ~ .. ", -
) e
980 MW
2-Pressure
,,846,000 Sq. Ft.
.1250 MW
3-Pressure
1,400,000 Sq. Ft.
~!!!lI7fl!lJ@@ @(j)IJj}({j@Jj}@@J@
introduction
pe/formunee culeulo/ioos
...s < . I '\
The pU!poSS' of fuis manual is to bring together fuose variables effecting theAh,iW
transfer performance calculations for steam surface condensers in an orderly fasiion to
simplify fueir use. The many necessary constants fuat are tabulated herein are drawn from
various handbooks and are in complete accord wifu the Heat Exchange Institute, Standards
for Steam Surface Condensers, Seventh Edition.
Finally, guidelines are given to help fue user apply the performance calculations to
specific installations.
,
I
formulae
Condenser performance calculations are made up of t",o parts, the heat transfer function
to be performed and the physical characteristics of the condenser nccessary 10 perform the function.
LMTD
TR
T - I - l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _----'
1
~~~~I" ~I.~---'----- TLWT --------.;..,1
1
Fi5Jure 1
ing steam temperalure of (T,) F. The difrerence between the steam temperature (T,) alld the
cooling water temperature (T,) is defined as the initial tempera tu re dilference (ITD).
As the cooling water progresses down the length of the condenser tubes, its t emperalure
is continuously elevated until the water exit, at a temperature of (T,) F. The diITerence bet.ween
inlet pnd exil cooling water lemperalures is caIled the temperature rise (TH).
::.. ~
'file ratiu uf tbe lemperature rise (TR) lo the initial lemperalu,e diITerence (ITD) i. de
fined as (H).
The din'erellcc octnecJI tile stcHm lcmperaturc (T~) t1nd . lile coJing water CXilo tempciaturc
(T,) is kllo\\'" as the terminal tempcralure diITerenc. :(TTD) or approach (A) .
From fundamelltal hcat trallsfcr relations we define the Log Mcall Temperature nITcrcllce
(LMTD) as:
-----I-----------~lI~TD~)=~~U~DI~~,,~hel~oo,~~(~TR~)~--~~----~~~
rrD which i< Ihe ,om. 0< 1 ,,"\ \) _ 1: \ \) _ , (i ecr11)
In ( nD) In (l-R) O .,,[) ,1 lr,<, e )-1
~\: t) ::;rV \ i \... T-O-
By definitioll we denole liJe dellominator of eq (1) as (1\.) and then " 11 1
1
j .. \ [' l ' ! )
R = 1 - (Toble VI). "1 1 )
e' , 1
(i Df) I- r,
The required coolillg water Do\\' (GPlI1) call be ealculalcd fro111 lhe heat balallcc:
)
, . ' ,v Q eq (2)
e
'/''',
,.. By ti study uf lite Itcal trallsfcr characteristics of cOlldenser tubes \Ve can wri Le t}c follO\... -
ing rclationship: ,/
(l) (NP) , ' b+'70 eleon /IOO eq (3)
K
V'!..
where: t EfTective tube length, ft.
NP Number of pcsses of (001in9 water
e = Constant vorying with tube jameter ond """011 th ckne~s
(Toble 111)
b = ". Tube material correction factor noble IV)
f ('JOjing water nlel lemper;::ture correcti on 70ClO;-
, (Table V)
% dean Tule overol! deonliness factor
V = Velc-~ity of cooling water within the tubes, ft j sec
)
For a typical surface condl.:"nser calculation a summary of the foregoing formulac in their
sample problems
(Hefer to illside back cover for an example of a work sheet.)
A. CALCULATlON OF SURFACE ANO COOllNG WATER REQUIREMENTS
Givcn:
Q 1000 x 10' STU/ hr heol lood ,/
P 2.00 " Hgc /
.
.'
\ T,
V
75F nler cooling water /
= 7.00 fps v
Condenser to be single pass with 85 % cleon 1" 0.0. - 18 BWG Admirolty
tubes having o 50' ..o" effective tube length.
Thon: ..-/
i '-)
Ts
ITD
= 101.14. F (Toble iI
101.14.75 = 26.14F
,
".,v
K
50 11)(.06914111.0)11.025) (1~) 1.1 38
\ .'
R = .630 (T o b le Vil
;/7 ..00 . '", . .).
/>
~,
'.
TR = (.680) (2.14) = 1778 ~ (;..~
'-"
.~-O
iOOO x lO' '.
S
GPM = = 112,486 , J ' I:!
500 (1778) -....) ,<
0'
,-
,;,
~
112,4 ~6 .'
NT (l) = 8,067
(1.992) (7,OO) ". 'v
'---x~
.S 8,067 (50) (.2618) = 105,600 Sq. FI.
NOTE: (lTO) - (TR) E: TID = 126.U) - 117.78 ) = S.J-F > 5-
)
" B. CALCULA TlON OF TUBE LENGTH, SURFACE ANO GP M FOR A FIXEO TR
Givell:
Q = 1,000 x lO' STUjhr
P ~ 1.50" Hgo
T, 60F
V 8.00 fps
TR = -20F lor thc t T: sholl nol e:x ceed 80F)
Condenser to hove 100 % cleon 1" 0.0.22 BWG Type 304 Slo inl ess Stee !
1ubes.
Then:
T, -, 9172F IT oble 1)
ITO 9 172 60 . = 3172F
TR 20
R - - - - = .630
lID 31 . 72
K .994 (Table VI)
Rewrite equotion (3)
(l) (NP) = K ;/ ~ = .994 ;/8.00 __ = 61.6 ft. cq 15)
Qb+% el ee n/ l00 (.06313) (.79) (.915) (1DO)
,! 5
Thus, wilh lhe raed temperalure rise there is onl) one total lenglh of cooling water trove;
possible when lhe velocity and diarneter are fixed. The condenser ca" be two pass wilh 29.3 5 fl.
elfective luDe lenglh or single pass wilh 58.; fl. eITeclive tube lenglh. (Nole lhal lhis was as-
certained independenl of lhe heat load Q.)
Then:
lC'Xl x 10'
GPM 500 (20) = 100,000
NT 100,000 (2)
(2.182) (8.00) = 11,456 } Two pass 30.8' tu bes
s = 11,456 130.81 (.2618) = 92,374 Sq.Ft.
C. CALCULATION OF PRESSURE FOR A GIVEN SURFACE
\
.. :.;
Given:
s = 300,000 Sq. ft. Ya" 0.0. - 18 BWG Aluminum Srass tubos
GPM 175,000 Two poss, 36'-0" offedive tube I_ngth
Calculate the pressure (P) for a heat load of 2,500 x 10' BTU/ hr for a cooling water temper-
ature 80 F with 85% cleanlncss.
, 300,000 / :- ~
NT ~'-F""
= (.2291) 36 = 36,37 4 --,. ;: u;' ;
175,000 (2)-'~~'"
. ;'
v = '36,374 (1.478) = 651 ft / soc -<
36 (2) (.08153) (.97). (1.045) (.85)
K 1.953
,/6.51
R _862 (T obl. VI)
2500 x 10'
TR = 175,000 (500; = 28.57
) T, = ITD +
T, = 33.14 + 80 = 113.14F
P = 2.84" Hgo (,obl_ 1)
NOTE: rTo .~ TR EZ 33.1' . 2Sp = J. .57 < 5- no
Since the ca!culations result in a TTD less than 5, then th e example should cominuc as:
TR = 2857
lTD TR + 5 = 28.57 + 5 = 33.57"
T, ITD + T, = 3357 + 80 = 11357
P 2.88" Hgo
D. PERFORMANCE CURVES
The previous example represents the sequence that is used lo calcula le con den ser per-
formance curves tha"! plOl condenser pressure, "Hga againsl condenser heat load, BTU/hr, for
one or more inlet cooling waler temperaturcs. C~re musl be taken lo use TR + 5 = ITD for
every point thal calcu lales lO a TTD less than 5 F.
Sinee the pressure that will exist when there is zero heat load is not readil)' ealculacle,
vaJues of these z.ero load pressures for any inlet water temperaturt have be, n establisheci in.
curve [onn. (Ref: Curve "B", Fig. SF-3, H.E.I. Standards for Steam Surface Condenser.;.)
6
Further, at combinations of low condenser pressures and low cooling water tempera
tures, the cffect of air in tbe air--vapor mixture leaving the "nose" of the condenser will in
fluence the performance of the unit. Thus the performance curve is a1tered tb reflect rhe
effecr of the air partial pressure below a certain pressure caBed the curoffpoint. Yalues of
these cutoff points for any inlet water temperature have been established in curve formo
(Ref: Curve "A", Fig. SF-3, H.E.L Standards for Steam Surface Condensers.) Therefore,
pressures for light load and/or low inlet water temperatures can only be determined by
actu ally drawing the performance curve.
---t:E:---MUlrl-p.RESSURE-Pi:RFORMANCE-----------------t-----
Whclher lwo or three or more pressure levels are lo be considered, lhe calculations musl
treat the condenscr as a series or individual condensing compartments, each opcrating at its own
absolute pressure. ",ju) a series cOQling water circuito Tilus the nlel cooling water temperature
lo j.e second and succeedins comparlmenls s equal lo lhe n;t waler temperature from the [rsl
or preceeding compartmenl.
Consider lhe condenser calculaled for Example "A" \\'ill be orenled with ls lubes parallel
lo the shafl of a Tandem Compound Four Flo", Turbine-Generalor unit havng lwo lo\\' pressure
turbine exhausl openinss. Then divide the SO fl. tube bundle inlo lwo compartmenls of 25 fl.
length, each lo serve one of lhe L. P. lurbine exhausls. The same 105,600 Sq. Fl. condellser \ViII
perform as Jollo\\'8 with the sliShl])' ncorrecl assumption thal !he heal load (Q) will be equall)'
di,'ided lo SOO x 10' BTU/hr nlo each comparlmenL Actuall)' lhe sleam 00"" rale in Ib/ hr will
be di"ided illlo essentially t;'o egua] parls, bul the enlhalpies of the 1\\'0 hal ves will diITer slighlly
due lo the absolute pressure diITe~ence.
IR 1778
TR, = "2 = -2- = 8.89"
"7
.
Sa",. H , la'
...,.... "c. I"",ud
Siflllle H I "educad S. R.duc.cI i .chlcael
'r ....,. la" GP'M 1. BHI' G'M 1. 8H" S " BHP
Figure 2
S B"~
1.10
w
o
z
<
z TU S!:.
u
DIA METER - ' 0.0.
'">
:
1.00
<
~
w
3/4-
.'"
7 1'14
" 6 HPs
Figure: 3
B
Ji V ELOCITY OF COOLlNG WATER
Figure 4 shows lhe eITecl of challgillg l he velocit)" of liJe coolillg waler ",ilhill a givcn lube
diameler for a fued luLe lenglh, all lo pedorm lhe same heal lraosfer funclioll. Wilh higher
velocities, the required square feel of condellsing su rface is reduced, bul lhe cooling waler now
is increased a nd alons with it the condens~r water sirle frictiofl and ovcraJ/ circulating waLcr
p umping power. Agaill,'bolh all assumed sipllOlI alld cooli llg lower cireuil a re shown.
1.3
l.>
.) w 1.2 w
~
1.2
~
z %
"'x
u 1.1
w w 1.1
> > eH?"
;: ;:
"'w
~
~
LO
10.0
"'w
~
~
70 80
10
>0 90 100
~~~:::::':T:"b:'~U::"':Ih::X~":O~.P:O:"~':'~~
.5 BH~
,-----.-.-.
--..
-.~.,
.__
......_ _
..._ ....._ ...
..-...._.,.....,_u
U
....... ... S
_ ...._u ""(.,,_,, ..... _ o,
.,. . . . . ._--,.<. . . .
, .-.c.o, ._ ...,...'_"
_ .... _ n ... ' ' ' ' _ ..,._ oS
............ _. . _.on
...... .... _ _ _ _ .-t:.I.fCf
..., __ ..-. __ '''01 <'
.7
~
_~ ~-,.
GPw.
. D. TUBE MATERIAL
For general informalioll a tahulalion of tile coudellser requirernellts for une lIcat tnulsfer
job USillg 95 percelll clean Typc 304 slainless sleel 22 BWG lubes comparcd lo 85 perccnl cleall
admirally 18 B\\'G tubes is sho",n in Figure 6. Usillg the admiraJly seleelioll as a referellce, lhe
tabulation shows l ile pcrcellt changes of the individual requiremenls with stainlcss steel fol' lhe
following conrutiolls:
A. Same _velocity. GPj\"r ,.and TR bUl ",iLb a lon~cr tube and increased sur{ilce and pump po~" er.
B. Same t uOe lenSlh and velocit)" bUI ..... ith incre.ased GPM , sur{::ce auJ pump po""er.
c. Same tube lengrh and surface Lut ,,"ilb incrcn6ed GPM, pUIOp poy,er and a higber ~clocity .
9
I.S'EI CENT eU.A.H 1I1WG ADMIRAlTY~.
y.
95 ,El CENT CLEAN n 8WG 30" 'STA1NlESS STEEL
8 e
S.an + 13.' +4.8 o
GPM o +1<1.8 + 17.5
T. lo +".7 o o
Velodty o o +6_9
Temperatun Ji o (-)13.0 (-115.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _.., _ _ __
-------1---+-------..8_ . : 'S-:1I -+'2,' ----r+197
BHPl +2.2 +12 . 18.2
Fi'll ",re 6
An examinalion of lhis spccific example shows lhal whi le lhe use of slai nless sleel tubing
fo!," surface .coJldenscrs ma)' Le desira blt! [ro01 a ma t.cri., Ji fe vic,,"poillt. 011 tlJe st.eam 811d j or wat.er
side or from a first cost anal ysis. slill thcre cxists a perform an ce difl'erence ill tJ. c a mounLc; of COH -
dClIsing surface, cooling water OO\\' and pumping power lo pcrform a gi"cll hcaL trallsfcr functioll.
Qlle of tile mosL imporLant faclors ill (t dccisioll of t-his t.ypc is the. cx pcri cllccd t.ube c1 ea niin css
for admiralty tubcs at a specific jobsite.
guidelines
Straight forward condenser calculalions are fairl)" simple lo do, but the proper applicatioll
of lile many arrallgements of tu be IcngtiJ, diameters alld orientat.ion requ ires sorne cxperience.
Commcnts rcflecting sorne of this cxpcricncc ma)' be of ass ista llcc.
\Vhcthcr by legislatioll or plant dcsigu, tilc maxinl1lm allowablc tcmpcraturc rise across
:Jgivcll surfa cc cOlldcnscr is often sta ted as part of the desigll problcll lS. This a utomatica lly fixes
the mJlimum GP.M of cooJillg water to be used with l. gl\'CIl hcal load cOlllplctcly ifldcpcndcnt
o[ the condcJlser tube diam eler, Jenglh or \"clocity .
I~ 0. 0.
-'
~
50
>
<
""
"
~
".;;:
<
~ = <40
==
~
z
~
-'
-'
~
:? '"
10 IZ l. 16 l. 20
Figul;.C 7 _J...___ ~
rR
___________________.J
'-
Conoider Example B of this manual again .. Further, consider the case ",here a maximum
tube lenglh has been established and the combinations of (ube diamelers. velocilies and lower
TR's are Lo be investiplled for a given heat transfer joL. Then equalion (5) would be ulilized
, for a range of velocilies for eaeh lube diameter Lo be cOllsidered. This allalysis would be repeated
for eaeh TR u.nder consideration and in every instan ce a Lotal length of water travel (L) (NP)
is calculated. The results can be plotted with (L) (NP) versus TR for eaeh tube O.D. and veloeit;-
studied. Figure 7 is all example of such ao analysis and shows the man)' combinations possihlo.
Lo perform one heat transfer dut)' at a glancc.
Man)' references have beell made Lo condenser tube diameters, materials, velocit,. levels
a nd clcanJjTlpc;s Condenser per1"ormallCC calc,JJat.ialls....musLh~!,ideD tq: 1he ser's Pl"pc.cieIJCl!._ _ _.f _______
with the cooling "'aler available for cach speciflc application,
Material seleclion falls into two basie groups, fresh water and sall water. Admiralt)',
Arsellical Copper and Type 304 Staillless Sleel are eommon for fresh' water applieations \Vith
Copper Niekel, Aluminum Brass and sometimes T)'pe 316 Stainless Steel for salt water.
Design c1canliness can Yary from 70 pcrcent 10 90 pcrccnt for thr copper allo)' tu bes with
85 perccnt mosl com.non, and from 80 pereent to lOO percent for the staillless steel tuhes ",ilh
the majorit)' 90 pereenl or higher.
The copper allo)' tubcs are most afien 18 B"'G ",all thiekness ",ilh sorne 19 BWG ap-
plia,tions in recent years. The stainlCss s,eel tuUcs are usuall)' 22 BWe wall thiekness ",ith fe\\'
cxceptions. (Air cooler alld periphcr)' are sornctimcs of 20 B\VG 1.0 providc a corrosioll allowancc
or faeLor of safety.)
Water velocily in the tu hes will range from 6.0 fps to 8.0 fps for copper allo)' tubes wilh """-----
fresh waler, and lhere is a Lendenc)' lO limil velocilies to a maximum of 6.5 fps to 7.0 fps ",ilh
salt water. For stainless sleel lubes the velocil)' has 110 real maximum limil, and there is some
evidence indicaling thal a minimum velocily may be desirable to maintain beller eleaniiness.
Applic?t.ions al 7.0 fps up to 10.0 fps have been made.
'VJCll a range or velocit.ies is permissiblc for ally givcn insLallalioll , lIJe ecollomic eva]u-
alan including pumping power ",iJI gCllerally illdicalc lhe opLimum. Similarl)', whcll t.here is
more than one allowablc tube diameler, Uie economic sludv ",ill illdicatc the propcr selectioll.
r
It is ,,'bIftll nOli!;,? lhal the condenser requiremenls a;e more rureet.J)' relaled lo lhe ITD
than a given desigJl prcssure. For cxample, a unit dcsiglled for 2.~O" Hga using 80 F cooling
waler has essenlially the same ITD of 28.7 F as a unil desi[!Oed 'for 1.50" Hga using 63 F coolin'g
water; and the total condcnser requirements are identical.
Sirnjlc1rJy, the designer should realize thal a tWQ pass condcnscr wiLh 30 1 tubcs \ViII llave
lhe samc surIace ~nd watr requirements as a sifl~lc pass ('ondcllscr wilh 60' tu bes, assuming
other variables are held equal. Wilh this in mind, il is understalldable that a single condenser
sheJl wilh 60' long lubes inslaJled paraJlel Lo the turbille sbaft of a talldem compoulld four-Oo\\'
turbine rna)' oTcr firsl cost cconomies Qvcr a twin-shell, two-pass condcJlser uIIil wilh 30' long
tubes perpendicular lo lhe turhille shar!.
There are sorne cases tllaL result ifl a Lotal lenglh o[ water Lravcl as economically propcr,
but so long lhat lhe lermillal temperature diiTerellce is less lhall 5. This problem r.all be clim-
inated by multi-pressure operalioll should ils application provc compatible wilh lhe proposed
equipmelll arrangemellt. The TTD of Example A (sillgle pressure) is 8.36 while lhose of
Example E '(mulli-pressure) are 11.59 and lU8 for lhe [rsl alld second comparlments respec-
tivel)'. It is apparenl lhat longer lube lengths are possible with multi-pressure operation thao
one pressure [or Jike termillal lemperature diITercllces.
conclusion
The surface condenser represcllls a large illvestmcnt. for a utility and has a direci inOuellce
on sizabJe related. equipment 5uch as circulating water pumps, water lioe sizes, and motors. The
proper selection of the condenser Tequirements involves a complete knowledge of t-he actual coo- ~
nitians under whch Lhe equipmcnt must opera le, including the performance charac.terisLics o[
the Jo\\" pressure turbines lo be served.
The [nal result of an)' speeific analysis should be based UpOIl a thorough study of aJl pos-
I
,
,
sible combillat.iollS foJlo",ing t.he principles described in this manual.
TASLE I
SATURATED STEAM TEM PERA TURES
Aiu. lul. I AasD lulo
",eu.,.,. . 00 .0 1 .02 .03 0' .0' .0' .07 .01 . 0' P,.u,,'
In. liSl. I n. H~.
.. ..
"" .08
.3 .96
.l.( 45 .22 ./:t . 6' 47."6 "8.28 "~.O5 <4,.60 50.53 51 .?:S 51.96 .3
.52.6A 53.31 53.98 5.(.62 S! .25 55.88 56."8 57.08 57 .66 SS .204
., .,
_ _ _O
58:80
Jttti59.35 59 . 90
J ! ~~; :~.96
5 81
61."8
66.26
62.00
66 70
~:'9
7 13
62.99
67.S I 63 . J.7
67.99 .6
.
.,..
7i-"~6
00
l
.7
I 6t!}
72.33
bE . S2
72.70
H.23
73.06
69 . 63
73.J.2
70.03
73.78
70 . .(3
7.(.13
70.81
7.( ...(8
71.20
7.C63 75.17
71.96
75.51
.7
I
j 75.85 76.18 76 . 51 76.83 77 . 15 77 ."7 n .79 7S.11 78.A2 7 .73 .9
1
1.0
, 1
1.,
iI 79.03
81.95
5,( .65
.79.33
82.23
84.91
79.6.(
82 .S\
85 .17
79 .9"
82.7B
85 . .l3
80 . 23
83.06
"S5.68
80.52
83.33
25.93
80.S1
63.60
86. lB
81 . 10
83.87
66 . .(3
81 .39
8".1 J
86.68
81.67
8".39
86.92
1.0
1.1
1.,
1.3 37.17 )7 . .(1 87.65 87.89 S8 . 12 88.36 8B.5'i' 88.83 89.06 89.28 1.3
I
I . 1.4
I 89.51 89.7" 89.97 90.19 90.Al 90 .63 90.1!5 91.07 91.29 91.50 l.'
U 1 91.72 91.93 92. lA 92.35 92.56 92.77 92.98 93.19 93.39 93.60 U
: .6
I _ f3.80 9" .00 9" .20 9" . .(0 9" .60 9" .80 95 .01 95.20 95.39 95.59 l.,
I
I
1.7 ~5.78 95.97 96 . 16 96.35 96.5" 96.72 96.91 97. 10 97.26 97 . .(6 1.7
.. "-.
O
"
2.0 . }O1.1<4 / 101 . 31 101."7 10 1 .6" 101.80 101.97 102.13 102 .30 102 . "6 102.62 2.0
I
2. 1 102.78 102.9.( 103 . 10 103.25 103 .<4 1 103.57 103.73 103 . 88 l0" .0.4 10.t .19 2.1
:.2 10el" 10" . 50 104 . 65 104 . 80 10.t .95 105.1 1 105.26 105 .J.l 105 .55 lOS .70 2.2
:l:.J i05-:'~5 1106.00 106.15 106.29 106.<4A 106.5S 106.73 106.87 107 .02 107.16 2.3
loe .57
1'<
I 107 . 31 107 45 107 . .59 107.73 107.S7 108 . 01 108.15 108.29 108 .A3 2.<
111.2.(
I
2.' 110 :06 110 \9 110.32 110.A6 110 . .39 110.72 111. 11 2 .'
2.7 111.37 !111 .<9 111.62 111.75 111 .a8 112.01 J 12.13 112.26 112.38 112.51 2.7
:l.! 112.63 112 .76 112.8S 113 .01 113.13 113.25 113 .37 1 \3 .50 113.62 113.7.t 2.'
i 11.( . 11 11.(.35 11.( .58 11e70 1\.t.82 11 .t .9 " 2.'
2.~ 11:i .86 113.98 11-l.23 1 U.A6
:l.O
II 1n .06 IlS.);' lJ 5 .30 11 S .Al 115.52 115.6.t 11 S .76 l1S.86 116 .00 116.11 3.0
117 . 11 117.22 3.1
3.1
3.2 ! 11 lo .22
117.35
J 16 .33
117.A6
116 . -l5
117 .57
116.57
117.69
116 . 68 116.79
117.80 117.90
116.90
115.0'
117.00
118.12 118.22 11 E .33 3.2
:;.3 1 H: . .t5 118.56 116.67 1 1B .78 118.89 118.99 119. ;0 119.20 119.30 119 .<1 3.3
120.35 120
3.4
3.'
119.52
120.56 120.66
119.62 119.72
120.77
119.83
120.87
119.93 1 120.04
120. 98 1 12 1.07
120.15
:u
I
3.'
:>.7 ..
12 1 . 58 1111 .6S
122 . o, 122.66
12 1 .71':
122.( 6
121.88
122.e5
121.98 122.08
122.'i6 , 23.G&
121 18 i22 .18
72:;. 15 1 123.25
172.37 127 . .tI
123 .35 , 123 . .t5
~,.6
0._
3.'
J.~
!
121.55 1123 .63
1].( . .(9 12" .59
123.72
12 .( . 69
123 . 82
l1J. .78
123 . 92 11.t.02
12.t .S7 j:2.t .97
12.t.1 0 11 2.( . 20
125.('5 125. \.t
12A . 30 12.t . .lO
125.23 125.32
::U'
2.9
I
'.0
' 1; .1
125 ~ -.(2
126.33
127.22
12 5 . 51
126. Al
127.31
125 . 60
126.50
127 . .1: 0
125.70
126 . 60
127.50
125. 79
126.70
127.59
n5.88
1:26 .78
127.67
125 .97 126 . 05
126.87 l26.96
127.76 .127.85
126 . 13
127 .05
127 . 93
126.23
127. 3
128.02
<.0
..,
<.1 I
... I 1"
' .2
,/ '.3 125 . 1f) 12&.18 128.26 ~ 1f..;5 128 . .(.( 2E .52 126.601 125 .69 128.78 126 .86 U \.
U
";.~
, 128.95
129.79
130 .61
12~.03
129 .87
130 . 69
i
129. 11
129 . 95
130.77
129 .20
130.03
130.85
129.28
130. J 1
130.93
129.37
130 19
13i .01
129 . .t5 129.53
130.26
J 31.09
130.36
131. 17
129.62
130 . .(.t
131 .25
129.70
130.52
131 .3.1: ....,
4.4
4.5
......
I 4.7 131 . .(2 )JI .50 131 . .58 131 .66 131.7.1: 31 .,:r 131 .90 131.98 132.06 132.l.t 4.7
13 2.22 i32.30 132.38 132 . 46 132.53 132 61 132 69 132.77 132.25 132 .93 <.B 1
I 133.00 133.09 133.17 133 .25 133.33 133
." 13:: . .t9 133.57 133,65 133.73
J
TABLE 11
--
CPM PER TU B:, AT 1. 00 FT. PER SECo vaOC1TY (gJ
T"be Sq. FI. oE Vol"e 01 TUfiE WAll CAUGE - BWG
SiH IHe~ :>cr f- I. Conl lonl- C
_ _
0 .0.
'.
o
.... 1 l..rr'3 th
Im l
In U =CVV 12
1"
13 15 16lj ~ 18
1Y 20 I 21
~
2
"1 04
B ~
"
.
JI. ..
0 .163 6
0.IY6"
767
2.7
O '06 0.46310.516 0.566 0.60lO.63 .t )0.6 80 0.716
693 0.76810 . 835 0.e99 0.~ '( 110.98.( l l .0.! 1 1 . 086p.132 1.152 1 . 1 7~ 1.200
le .75 .t 0.770 0.793
.809
.no I
f.26
'l. 1V. " O. 29~ 5 25> 1 2 . 0 14 17.14012.251 2.3.561 2 . .t2.t 2.' 91 12 5" 2.653 2.72512.756 2.79& 2.829J2.e61
1 Ve ". 0.3272 ~ 759 1 7.60712.75112.876 2.99.t! 3.C/i3.1.1.~.2~9!3.3?8 i .A09 J.A.( JI3 .A 90 3.525i3.560
1
':. .:>
1
TABLE fII
VALUE Of (a)
TUBE
-TUBE WAll GAUGE _ B.W.G.
SIZE
O.D. ! 21 24
s, "
'2
0.2154 O.
"
18B6
"
0.169"
'5
O 1'>'<'
'6
0.1457
"
O.137e O. 1285
11
lo " 1220
20
0,1159 O. 113" 0.1\02
22 23
O. 1075 0.1057
""
V,"
0.1513 O 1366
O.lUO 0 . 1049
0 .12 56
0.0979
O.llb
0.0921
0.111 ..
0.0887
0.1066
O. DUo(
0.1008 10. 0966
0. 081 510.0787
0.0926
0.0760
0 .09 10
0 . 07.48
0.08 89
0.073"
0.067.(
o.on:l
O.DeS .t
0.0713
0.0591
0.0670'
O 0575 0.0560
0.06.(2
0.055" o
0631
05.(5
0.0673
0.0539
0.0616
0.0533
Iv.. .. 0. 0650 0.0616 0.0589 0.0566 0.0552 1 6.0538 0.05:n e 0509 0 .0.(97- 0.0.(92 O OA86 o,oal 0,0,(76
lube Maltrjgh
0.87
"
0 . 9:1 0.96
16
"
1.00
20
1.02
22
1,0";
2<
1 .06
31
30 0.550
0. 5 62
<5
<6
. 0.7.<7
0 .760
60
61
0.9 1S
0.925
75
76
1.025
1.029
.,
.0 1.075
1.078
f--
3?
33
"
.
0.772
0.785
0.797
6'
63
6'
O.93
0.9.(2
0.951
77 -
7B
7.
1.033
1.037
J .OJ,
I
.,"
93
1 .080
1 .083
J .oes
35
36 - 00.6J5
.618
50
51
0.810
0.822
65
6'
0.960
0.970
80
81 .-
1 .0.!5
1 .048 .,
.5 1.OSI;
1.090
37 0.6.(J 52 0.l33 67 0 . 978 1 .051 .7 1.092
38 0.655 5' 0.840.( 68 e.986 "
83 1 .05 .8 1 .0 95
3. 0.668
" 0. ES 5 6. 0.993
"85 1 .057 1.097
I
f
,
40 0.683 55 0.663 70 1.000 1.060 iDO 1. 100
<1 0.694 56 0.875 71 1.005 86 - 1 .06 3
o.aes
"" 0.707
0.720
57
58 0.895
72
7'l
1.010
1.015 "8'
e.
1.066
1 \069
13
, .
,I
,
r- TA BLE VI
VA LUES OF R CORRESPOND ING TO K '.
.25
. 000
. Z21
.061
.ZZ2
.001
.U3
. 003
. Z24
.004
.Z24
. DO ~
.Z15
.00'
.226
.00 7
.221
.ooz
. 221
, 00'
.Z2E
-
.1 5
,
." . 229 ..no . 230 .231 .231 .233 .2.)' .23' .235 . 236 . Zb
.27
.21
."
.3'
.231
.2.U
.252
.~9
. 267
.237
. 2" 5 .
. 252
.'60
.261
.238
.246
. 253
. 261
. 108
.261
.
.239
.,.2"6
. 269
.1.40
.2A7
.zss
. 262
.210
.2"'0
, 218
.Z55
. 25)
. 270
.24'
.249
.256
.,'"
.27 1 .
.242
.Z49
.257
.26'<
.272
.~.o
.,""
.'58
.265
.272
-.2.t3
.251
.258
.266
. 273
.27
.21
.21
.30
.31
. 31
.31
.33
.3. .....,.,
.27(
. 28 1
.275
. 282
. 2t9
.275
. ZE)
.290
. 276
.283
. 290
.V7
.,a<
.291
--:zg,-
. 278
.zes
.292
.278
.285
. 293
. 279
.286
.293
.280
.267
. 29'
. 280
.LBS
.295
. 31
.33
.3<
.lO .Z9 .,~:
:~~
~9_
::::- -::'00- ~ ~ r- ~~ }l'
."
. 37
. 31
.,,,
.J 02
.316
. 303
.3 10
. 317
.:ro<
. 31 1
.317
.311
. 3 18
.305
.312
.31 9
.lO!
.31 3
.320
.3 13
.320
. 307
.3 u
.,O!
. 32 1
.,os
. 31 5
.322
. 3 15
.322
.37
. Ji
.., .,,,
. 32'8 .328 .329
.31
...
.323 . 32' .32" .325 .326 .326 .327 .3 '
... . 330
.331>
. 34)
.330
.331
.331
.338
.,,'
.332
.338
. 332
. 339
.,,'
.333
.,,,
." 0
. 334
.340 . J41
.335
.3 42
.348
.336
.342
. 349
.. .. O
.<2
.~ 1
.....
.~;; .,so .,""
.3 4~
.,,. . ~5 1
.3~ 5
. 351 .352 . 353
. 341
.353
. 348
.'54 .355 .355 .<l
.....,
. 4~
.356
. 362 . 363
.351
.363
.358
., . .358
.365
.359
.365
.359
. 366
.360
. 361
. 361
.361
.36\
.368
.H
.<5
.<!
."
.369
. 315
.38;
.387
. 369
.J16
.382
.386
.310
.316
.363
.369
.,
.371
.389
.
.31 1 .31 1
.,..
.318
.390
. 372
.318
. 385
. 390
.J13
.319
.385
.391
.313
.319
.386
. 392
.3U
. 380
.387
.392
.3H
.381
.387
393
.,
..4f.
...
.<8
--- .',
.." ." e
.S' .39 4 .394 . 395 . 395 .396 . 397 .397 .398 .398 .399 . OC
.SI . ' 00 .' 00 . 401 .4 01 .402 .403 .403 . 404 .405 . SI
'./ . 52
.S3
.S~
. 406
. 411
. 417
.'O!
.412
. .( 18
.407
.413
.4 16
.407
.4 1~
. 41 9
. 408
.4U
. .(20
.'"
. .(15
. .(20
.4\ 5
.421
.410
. ,W
. -421
. 4 10
. 417
.' 22
.~
.~ J7
. 423
1\ .52
.S3
.S'
55
. ~,
.5',
~
..,.
.(7.3
- . 43!i
....
. 42~
. .(35
.4 41
. 4Z4
. '30
.436
.4-41
. 425
. 4JO
. 436
. 425
.431
. 437
. 426
. .(J2
.437
. .(27
.-4 32
. 438
.427
. 433
. 438
.428
.433
. 439
. 44 5
. . 428
. 0.1
. 440
. 445
.SS
.s,
. 57
. 442 .4.(2
" .. .' 4..::1" . 443 . 40 . 44.( .S'
.....,
:g~ - '-:;14 6 .446 .4.0 . 447 . 448 . 449 .449 . .( 50 .<1:50 ":51 .S!
. ,r;, . 455 . 456
.." ....
. 451 . 452 .452 . 453 .453 . ' 54 .454 .455
- .H
I . .(57 - . 57 .-458 . .(58 .459 . 459 . 460 . 460 .4 61 . 461
- .1,'1:
...
b' . 1
. 4 ;~ _
.4';
,(73 ."
. 463
. .( 73
. ' 63
. 468
.,4 74
. 469
. 4;7 4
. 470
.475
. 465
..n o
.475
.-465
. 411
. .(76
. 41>6
.nl
. 47 6
. 466
. 472
. .(77
. .(67
. .(7'/
. 477
lo'!
. 63
.t.. ~
.6S
. loi.
.&7
. :76
.483
. 486
. .(79
. 484
. 469 .."
. 479
.4 69
. 480
. 485
. 490
. 480
. 485
. 481
.4 86
. 491
. 481
.486
.482
.4 67
.492
.462
.4 67
.4 92
.483
46L
. 49:'
' 5
.H
...
. 490 .4 91 '7
.OS .493 . 01 94 .4 9( .495 . ~ 95 .496 .496 . 497 .497 .49 ,S
.70
. 71 _
.498
.503
. 50'
. 499
.50~
.5"
. .( ~
.5<>'
.5"
.500
.505
.510
.500
.505
.510
.501
.506
.511
.501
.506
.511
.502
. 501
.5!Z
.502
.507
.5i2:
. 503
.50&
.513
."
. 70
.71
.12 .~:3 . ~ : .( .5 14 .S!5 . 515 .5 16 .516 .5 17 .517 .s1B .12
. 73 .51! , .5 19 .5 19 .520 .520 . 521 .521 .522 .522 .5! 2 .73
.7' . . 523 . 523 .524 .52' .5Zl . 525 .526 .526 .527 .52; .7 <
,
.,.
.75 . 52!!
.532
.528
.533
. 529
. 533
. ~23
.53~
.529
.53-(
.530
.535
.530
.535
.531
.536
. 531
. ~36
.532
!i3 i
.75
./ ;
I!
.77 .5~7 .537 . S3B .538 . 535- . 539 , . 5~O .5<0 . 5~ 1 .5-:1 1
i '
" .78 .5U
.546
.5-<2
.5.( 7
5 ': ;
.5 47
.5U
.546
.50 . 54(
.54 6
.5.\4
.5( 9
.545
. 549
.5 ( 5
.550
.54{;
.550
. lE
.H
I
. 7' .5< '
.80 .55 1 .551 .552 .552 .552 . 5S3 .553 .55' .55 .555 .SO
. 21 .555 . 556 .556 .556 .551 .557 .558 . S5B . 559 .559 .SI
.5'" .t2
...
.E2 .560 .560 . 560 .561 .561 . 562 .562 .563 .563
.El .5" .564 .565 .565 .56' . 566 .567 .567 .567 .566 . el
. 5" . 569 . 569 .570 . 570 . 570 .57 1 . 571 .572 . 572 . 8<
J
1
.e 5 .573 .573 .573 .574 .57,( .575 .515 .576 .576 .516
."....H G
...."
.H .577 .571 .571 .57' . 57B .579 .579 . 580 .580 .581
.!1 .581 . 551 . 552 .582 .SS3 . 583 . 58l .58l .58l .5es
.lO
. 5es
. 589
.593
.586
.590
.S9(
.58'
.590
.59(
.58'
. 59\
.595
.567
.591
.595
.587
.591
. 595
.568
.592
.596
.588
.5S2
.596
.586
.593
.597
.569
.593
.597
."
."
. lO
.".12 598 . 598 .596 .599 .. 599 .599 .600 . 600 .601 .601
.". 92
...
.602 . 602 .602 .603 .603 . 603 . 60 l . 60~ .605 .605
.,.,)
.,"
.605 .601
.6 10
. 606
.6] 0
. 607
. 6 11
.60'
. 611
.607
. 61 1
.608
.6 12
.606
.612
.609
. 613
.GOS
.613 I
.93
...
.jO .617 . 611 . 6 18 .6 16 .~ 19 .619 .619 .620 .620 .620 . jO
.6d .62 1 .622 .622 .62.1 . 623 .ti:!3 .624 .62': .6Z( '17
. .""
'7
.625
.628
.62:5
.629
.E2S
. (29
.626
.630
. 626
, 630
.627
.630
.C21
.631
.627
.631
.628
.631
.628
.63? .'1 ~
l.0 . 632 . 636 .639 . 643 .,,' . 650 .65 ~ .ES7 .660 . 66~ 1.0
,?J--
' '-l-:-~----
- -.69"" . 6.67
_____ . 723../
. 753
.670
.702
. 730
.756
. 67 ~
. 705
. 733
. 758
.671
. 706
.736
.760
.680
. 711
.736
. 763
. 683
. 7J 4
.7,( 1
. 765
.667
.7 16
.7
.7G6
.690
.7 19
. 1-4 6
.770
.693
.722
. 748
.772
.696
.725
.751
.775
1.1
...
1.2
1.3
1.5 .717 .779 .78 1 .78.( .786 .788 .790 .792 .794 .79 1.5
1.6 . 798 . 800 . 802 . B O~ .' 06 .806 .810 .81 2 .81 4 .81 !.~
.
)'.7
..,
1.8
. 817
. 835
.,so
.865
...,
.8 19
.852
.856
.S2 !
.838
.eS3
.667
. 823
. ~o
.855
.825
. 6<1
'. 856
. 626
.80
.658
.628
. 8~ '
.859
.830
.8.6
.861
.63\
.647
. 862
. 875
.833
.eso
.SE3
.676
I
I
1.7
T.t
1.9
2.0
2.0 .869 .670 . 87 1 .673 .8N
.678 . 879 .887 .888 2. 1
.'"
2. 1 .880 .881 .882 . 8es .886
.86'
"< ..,
."
2.2 .889 .890 .89J . 893 .894 .B95 .896 .897 .898 .899
U 00 .901 .902 .903 .905 . 01 .907 .907 .908 , .3
2. .910 .9 11 .9 12 .913 . 91-4 .915 '. 9 15 .916 .917 2. ~
2. 5 . 918 .919 .520 . 920 .921 . 922 .923 .92 4 . 924 .!!25 .2 . 5
14
SURFACE CONDENSER CALCULATIONS
Purchas.rj EnlJ... ......... ........... ... ..... . . ... . . . .. . . .. . . . . . Rel. .... . .. . .. ... .. . . . ........ . . .. .
T- G Si .. , Type ....... ..... . . ' .... . . . . . . Dote ...... .
rUM
SI.a,., .... tI
.
H.' 8'" p.r lb.
11....,.., lo. I
Aln. pr.".
SI ea,., 'emp.
Water ._p.
ITD
No. al po ....
Tu", mat.rial
Corro fodora : Wol
Cleon
V.locity I
K i
I
TR
I I
TTD (rTD.TR)
I
GPM
No. o, luh.s
-.\ Sq ft I I
~.,. ~
)
GPM P" water bOJ: nozzle
I
No%zle s Lu I
Noz:z:l. veloci'y I
OV1!rall IlJl:a 1.. ""It. 11) I
Fricfion fodor (2)
- I
lube fridi o ll /fl)x(2)x(J)
x(4) x no. 01 pones]
- - _..._--------- I
T ube end lou
I
Wal.rbax inl e l lo.n
Tolol friction
Mini,., um TTO SF
Reter to H.E.1. $t3ndards for Steam Condensers latest edition for friction calculations.
.
_..... _--
~ :
.. _~ '. ~
:.,
,
"-~ " -c. .-.'
"-----~-,.._ . ~~;!.:-..;;:.-.::.:....""
~, _ . _;:-..:".::..::... .... -"'. :; :;-.;===-...::!~..,.~ .-
,.
---.......----
;':~ :~t~ ;. i,~ '..
. ..
,--" .. .
".;=-
.,~~;<~i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E~~~~~J
'.' .
-- ;:;--
:;
.. :c
o
e, D
"
r:~!~~Hf~r-;;
-
-~~~~~;;~:Y;1?~'}~;d~~.~~~:;~~~~~~~;~ ----- O]
-! ~ - -,
~"'~"""'';~
o~
-..;~-:.:);,
1
- O
=,
--- .:-=
!
1
DRG. NO. sc- .j ,") :: q__ _o
,O
--'-~-'--?
..,...f-1--;'--'- :---'--;
O
-_0__o_ _ _
0-
__ _ _ _ _ _ ~
__o_
!'-t~i'_~----'_-':o.
_ _ _
~ _ _,--
~-_'_"-
-.,"~ _..,...,..-,- ___ _ _....:
~
_~_. : . ~ .~ _. ,~ __,_J_~~~_ ~ ___ ._.__
o - o
o , ----~~--~---
,
. .~-- ---:-- .:.::\.,.: - . - - - - . . . _-_ .. --- --' -
- - 1_
-- ~ - . -- -----'~ - - 'o - ~ ,...- -1 - -, . ~- <> - --.--- 0---- - -
- 1.. .
:
-'1""':'~'::L
f -- 1 .~ _ ,,:~_ f_o
',~
____ . ____ .. " ..
- -
0 _ _. _ _ __ f '-- _--,-'_ -,--
--o o o
,~ . ,
._~_ .-~~~=~,< -o"~ ~oo~o' ./(:"'.'"'.o)~ 0o ----~~.-=--', _-~~_o-.-.o- :=~-~Co-=:-.-.~---Ooo-jc---o-,:_-:;-,--o. :-~ .-o -!-;;:...::-.-,~o~.'_--~:-:o-~~== .
__ ___ - . ~... __ o.!. -'_ i _
o o oo _:-'o::;'~ o o..('.:'
_o_;.o(- o~ ",: ="= ' -====:...1';"=0= 0= =-._-0.'.0__ 0 "_--000.-0.0_::-.00',
"::::-0. ~_._o_o oOO
~' "'1... :.r ' '1'-" -,
____ _
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l
; _ _ . _;...
0 ' -- ... _ _ _ _
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o-_.. ~.
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'
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_
, _~ (;,......
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o
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.__ _ ;. . ~ _ ___ -.:.._ ~_ _
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OS I G"4 .'_ I ENG I "I~ER~G ,.,
FC~ L e DzSC;"t."/EI 'CR i,~i : !,
''''0 ':00""\' ,. .... :0 "':""J! ...
- .J.;<. j ':l(O.. U.IC4L
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,:-:,.c - HY o I
l.
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: .!JItC:tot , I I
!'lTP.U:T
, I i
, ,
DISCIPLINe COMI.:alTS \ !J(5TJt"'" I i ,
,
c::N~' I I j
QUE BY ........ .... ... . . .... 'tG
_ ,
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