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Kufa
al-Kfa
Kufa
Location in Iraq
Country Iraq
Governorate Najaf
Contents
[hide]
1History
o 1.1Umar's era
1.2.1Governorship of al-Walid
o 1.3Ali's era
1.3.1Capital of Ali
o 1.4Muawiyah's era
1.4.1Governorship of Ziyad
o 1.5Umayyad-era revolts
o 1.6Abbasid era
o 1.7Post-Abbasid history
2Shia sites
4See also
5References
6Bibliography
7External links
History[edit]
Umar's era[edit]
The Arabs, led by Caliph U mar ibn Khattb, conquered Iraq and began ruling Suristan around 637. Umar,
who assigned the land of the Jews in Arabia to his warriors, ordered the relocation of the Jews
of Khaybar to a strip of land in Kufa in 640.[4]
Ali's era[edit]
Capital of Ali[edit]
Upon Uthman's assassination by rebels, governor Abu Musa attempted to restore a non-violent atmosphere
in Kufa. The Muslims in Medina and elsewhere supported the right of Ali ibn Abu Talib to the caliphate. In
order to manage the Military frontiers more efficiently, Ali shifted the capital from Medina to Kufa.
The people of Syria and their governor, Muawiyah, who seized the Caliphate for himself and his family by
using the confusion caused by the assassination of Caliph Uthman and being disturbed by the brutal
assassination of the Caliph Uthman, demanded retribution. As Muawiyah mounted his campaign to hold Ali
responsible for the murder of Uthman, factions developed. In an already emotionally charged atmosphere,
Muawiyah's refusal to give allegiance to Ali as the Caliph without Ali avenging Uthman first eventually, led to
war.
While praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, Ali was attacked by the Khawarij Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam.
He was wounded by ibn Muljam's poison-coated sword while prostrating in the Fajr prayer.
Muawiyah's era[edit]
Governorship of Ziyad[edit]
Muawiyah I appointed Ziyad ibn Abihi as the Governor of Kufa after migration of Hasan ibn Ali to Medina
due to peace treaty which dictated he abdicate his right to caliphate to avoid an open war among Muslims.
Some of the followers of Hasan ibn Ali like Hujr ibn Adi, were unhappy with the peace treaty and did not
changed their ways according to the edicts of the new Governor which was becoming increasingly
noticeable creating a movement of rebellion against the ruler. The new Governor, Ziyad ibn Abihi, was
equally keen strategist & politician and was able to put down all challenges posed by the rebels against his
rule.
Umayyad-era revolts[edit]
Throughout the Umayyad era, as was the case since the inception of the city by Umar ibn Khattab, there
were those among Kufa's inhabitants who were rebellious against their rulers. Yazid I was declared as the
Second Umayyad Caliph which led to a rebellion among Kufans and they turned to Husayn ibn Al,
grandson of the prophet, seeking his help and leadership. Yazid appointed Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad as the
new Governor to put down the rebellion and to kill Husayn ibn Al if he does not acknowledge his
Caliphate. Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad collected armies from Damascus and Kufa. Husayn ibn Al and his family
and companions were surrounded in the desert of Karbala on his way to Kufa and was martyred on 10
Muharram in the Battle of Karbala. There was relative calm during short reign of al-Mukhtar's ruler-ship and
during the Umayyad Governorship of al-Hajjaj.
Abbasid era[edit]
In 749, the Abbasids under al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba took Kufa and made it their capital. In 762, they moved
their seat to Baghdad. Under the Umayyad and early Abbasid decades, Kufa's importance gradually shifted
from caliphal politics to Islamic theory and practice.
Post-Abbasid history[edit]
Kufa began to come under constant attack in the 11th century and eventually shrunk and lost its
importance. Over the last century, the population of Kufa has begun to grow again. It continues to be an
important pilgrimage site for Shiite Muslims.
Presently, Kufa and Najaf have joined into a single urban area that is mostly commonly known to the
outside world simply as Najaf.
Shia sites[edit]
The Great Mosque of Kufa or Masjid al-Kfa (Arabic: ) , or "Masjid al-Aazam" located in
Kfa, Iraq, is one of the earliest mosques in Islam. It was constructed in the middle of the 7th century after
the Caliph Omar established the city. The mosque contains the remains of Muslim ibn Aqlfirst cousin
of Husayn ibn Al, his companion Hn ibn Urwa, and the revolutionary Mukhtr al-Thaqaf.
Masjid al-Kufa in Kf, Iraqcontains the tombs of Muslim ibn Aql, Hn ibn Urwa, and Mukhtr al-
Thaqaf. The Mosque also contains many important sites relating to the Prophets and Al, including the
place where he was fatally struck on the head while in Sujood
The tomb of Zayd ibn Al in Kf, Iraq
Masjid al-Hannaanah in Kf, Iraqcontains some of the skin of Husayn ibn Al which was ripped off of
him post-mortem by the aggressors of Karbal.
The House of Al in Kf, Iraq
Tomb of Maytham at-Tammr in Kufa, Iraq
Tomb of Kumayl ibn Ziyad in Kufa, Iraq
The final Imm, considered to be alive and in occultation, has the Masjid al-Sahlah associated with him.
Abu Hanifa
Sufyan al-Thawri
Dawud al-Zahiri
See also[edit]
Al-Hirah
Ghurabiyya Shia
Shiism
References[edit]
1. Jump up^ Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (2004). Tareekh Tabari (Urdu
translation). Syed Muhammad Ibrahim Nadavi & Habib-ul-Rehman
Siddiqui (Devband Scholar). Nafees Academy, Karachi, Pakistan. pp. 52
53 (Vol.III Part1 Events of 17 AH).
2. Jump up^ Web Admin. "Salman Farsi, the Son of Islam". Sibtayn
International Foundation. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
3. Jump up^ The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom, p 330,
Donald P. Wright, Timothy R. Reese
4. Jump up^ History of the Jews, Heinrich Graetz, Vol 3. Page 84, Trans.
Bella Lowy, London 1892.
Bibliography[edit]
Crone, Patricia. Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law: The Origins of the
Islamic Patronate. Cambridge University Press, paperback ed. 2002
Hoyland, Robert G. Seeing Islam as Others Saw It. Darwin Press, 1998
External links[edit]
Kufa
Coordinates: 3202N 4424E
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