SPECIALIST MATHS

TRIAL EXAMINATION 2
SOLUTIONS
2006

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Section 1 Multiple-choice answers

1. E 7. B 13. D 19. E
2. D 8. C 14. D 20. C
3. E 9. A 15. E 21. B
4. D 10. B 16. C 22. C
5. B 11. C 17. D
6. A 12. A 18. E
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Section 1- Multiple-choice solutions

Question 1

2
The equation of the asymptote through 3, 0 is y x2.
3

For the hyperbola

x h 2 y k 2 1 the asymptotes are given by y k
b
x h .
a 2
b 2 a
We require b 2 and a 3 .
x 2 y 2
2
The required equation is 1
9 4
The answer is E.

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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Question 2

function asymptotes
1
A. y y 0, x 1, x 1
x 1 x 1
x2 1
B. y
x
1
x y x, x 0
x
3
x 1
C. y
x2
1
x 2 y x, x 0
x
4
x 1
D. y
x2
1
x2 2 y x2 , x 0
x
1
E. y x2 2 y x2
x 1

The answer is D.

Question 3

f x sec ax
1

cos ax
The graph has asymptotes for
cos ax 0
3 3
ax ... , , , ,...
2 2 2 2
3 3
x ... , , , ,...
2a 2a 2a 2a
The answer is E.

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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Question 4

1
sin 2 1 cos 2
2
1
sin 1 cos 2 (option A)
2
sin 2 cos 2 1
sin( ) 1 cos 2 ( ) (option B)

sin 2 sin cos (option C, double angle formula)
2 2
sin sin 3 2
sin 3 cos 2 cos 3 sin 2 (option D) is incorrect

2
sin sin
3 3
2 2
sin cos cos sin (option E)
3 3 3 3
The answer is D.

Question 5

w acis 60
a cos 60 i sin 60

1 3
a i
2 2

a
2

1 3i
The answer is B.

Question 6

i w w i
a

a
1 3i 1 3 i


2 2
a a
i
2 2
ai
This complex number is located on the negative branch
of the imaginary axis, a units from the origin.
Hence in polar form it can be expressed as a cis 90 .
The answer is A.

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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Question 7

Let z3 w
rcis 3 w
r 3 cis 3 acis 60 (De Moivre)
3
r a 3 60 360 k
r3 a 20 120 k k Z
20 ,140 , 260 ...

The three cube roots are 3 a cis 20 , 3 a cis 140 and 3 a cis 260 .
If a 1 , the cube roots lie on the circle with radius a units. If a 1 , the cube roots lie on a circle
with radius 3 a units which is inside the circle with radius a units. So option A is correct.
Option B is incorrect.
Options C, D and E are correct.
The answer is B.

Question 8

x
y sin 1
a
dy 1

dx a x2
1

2 2
ax
3

d2y
2
1
a x2
2
2
2 x
dx
x
3
ax
2 2

The answer is C.

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Question 9

xy 2 1
d 2 d
dx

xy 1
dx
dy
1 y 2 x 2 y 0
dx
dy
2 xy y 2
dx
dy y
x0
dx 2 x
1 1
At x 4, y 2 , y
4 2
1
In the fourth quadrant y
2
dy 1
So 8
dx 2
1

16
The answer is A.

Question 10

sin x cos x
3
dx
0

sin 3 x cos 3 x dx

0


sin x 1 cos 2 x cos 3 x dx

0
1 where u cos x

du
dx

1 u 2 u 3 dx du
sin x
1
dx
1

u
3 x , u 1
u 5 du
1
x 0, u 1

The answer is B.

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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Question 11

Stationary points on the graph of y F x occur at x 5, x 0, x 3 and x 7 .

The gradient (i.e. the value of y f x ) of the graph of y F x is different i.e. positive or
negative on either side of each of these stationary points and hence there is no stationary point of
inflection.
Since f x 0 for x 5, 0 3, 7 , the gradient of the graph of y F x is positive for these
values.
At x 0 , there is a maximum turning point since the gradient is positive to the left of x 0 and
negative to the right. Therefore, option C is incorrect.
Options D and E are both correct.
The answer is C.

Question 12

Now,
2
y cos 1 x

volume x 2 dy
0 x cos y
x cos 2 y
2
2
cos 2 y dy

0

2
1
2 cos 2 y 1 dy
0

2

cos 2 y 1 dy
2 0

The answer is A.

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Question 13

A. a ac
~ ~
c
~ ~

a~ a~ cos(0) c~ c~ cos(0)
2 2
a~ c~ may or may not be true

B. a bb
~ ~
c
~ ~ may or may not be true

a c b 0 b
C.
~ ~ ~ ~

0~
b~
D.
a ( a~ c~ )
~
a~ a~ a~ c~
a~ a~ since a~ c~ 0
2
a~

a c a c a
E.
~ ~ ~ ~
a a~ c~ a~ c~ c~ c~
~ ~

a~ a~ c~ c~

a~ a~ cos 0 c~ c~ cos 0
2 2
a~ c~
2 2
~ c
Now a ~ a
~
c
~ may or may not be true.
The answer is D.

Question 14

c a b
~ is the component of ~ in the direction of ~ .

Hence c~ a
b b
~ ~ ~ .

The answer is D.

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Question 15
Draw a diagram.
j
~

i
30 ~

R~ m a~

200 cos 30 F i N 200 sin30 30g j 30a i

~

~ ~

100 3 F 30a and N 100 30 g 0

100 3 0 5 30 g 100 30a N 30 g 100
100 3 15g 50 30a
10 3 1 5 g 5
a
3
The answer is E.
Question 16
Resolving
1 Q sin 1 and 3 Q cos 2
1 2 gives sin 1
cos 3
1
tan
3
3
30
1
sin
2
So Q 2
3
Check cos 3
, Q 2 .
2

Q has a magnitude of 2N and acts in a direction of N30E.
The answer is C.
Question 17
Let v v 6 ~i 8 j where ~i runs in the horizontal direction and
~ be the velocity of the particle. So ~ ~

j runs in the vertical direction.

~

P
~
m v~

3 6 ~i 8 j
~

P
~
3 36 64
30 kg m/s
The answer is D.

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Question 18

dy
a by where a and b are constants
dx
dx 1

dy a by
1
x
a by
dy (option A)

1 b

b a by dy

1
x log e a by c
b
y 0 0
1
0 log e a c
b
1
c log e a
b
1

log e a b (option B)
1 1
x log e a by log e a
b b
1 a by
log e (option C)
b a
a by
bx log e
a
a by
e bx (option D)
a
ae bx a by

by a e bx 1
a
y e bx 1
b
(making option E not true)
The answer is E.

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Question 19

dy 1
, x0 0, y 0 0, h 0.1
dx x 1
x n1 x n h y n1 y n h f x n
1
So, x1 0 0 1 y1 0 0 1
1
0 1 0 1
1
x2 0 1 0 1 y 2 0 1 0 1
11
1 1
02
10 11
21

110
The answer is E.

Question 20

dS
rate of inflow rate of outflow
dt
dS dl dS dl
(inflow) ( outflow)
dl dt dl dt
S
0 2 5
300 3t
5S

3100 t
S
Note that the amount of sugar per litre in the tank is since every second the volume of
300 3t
solution decreases by 3L.
The answer is C.

Question 21
For y x , x 0 therefore the slope diagram is not appropriate to this function since gradients are
assigned for x 0 .
A similar argument is true for y log e x .
dy
Note that for x 2, 0.
dx
dy dy
This is true for y x x 4 since 2 x 4 and when x 2, 0.
dx dx
dy dy
For y 2 x x 2 , 2 2 x, so at x 2, 2 so the slope diagram is not suitable for this
dx dx
function.
dy
Similarly for y 1 e x , e x .
dx
dy
At x 2 e 2 0 135
dx
0
The answer is B.

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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Question 22

v 2 2 5 dx
1 2
2
v 5 dx

d 1 2
v 5
dx 2
d 1 2
Since a v we have a 5 .
dx 2
Since the particle is moving with constant, negative acceleration, the velocity will be decreasing.
The answer is C.

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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Section 2

Question 1

a. (1 mark) correctly showing U and V.

b. T is a circle with centre at U and radius of 2 units.

Since w lies on the imaginary axis, the circle touches that axis at 0 3i only.
So b 3 .
(1 mark)

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c. i.

(1 mark)

ii. v R if v u 2
3i
LS 1 2 3i
2
3
1 i
2
9
1 (1 mark)
4
13

2
2
So v R
(1 mark)

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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d. i.

(1 mark)

ii. Since p S and p x yi, then x 1 and the maximum and minimum values of
y lie on the circle defined by
z u 2
1 yi 2 3i 2
1 y 3 i 2

1 y 3 2
2

1 y 3 4
2

y2 6y 6 0
6 36 4 1 6
y
2
6 12 (1 mark)

2

So the maximum and minimum values of y are given respectively by

y 3 3 and y 3 3 (1 mark)

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e. Method 1

The vectors OV and VU are parallel if

OV k VU where k is a constant.
3
Now, OV ~i j
2~

VU VO OU

OV OU
3
~i j 2 ~i 3 j
2~ ~

3
~i j
2~ (1 mark)
3 3
So ~i j k ~i j where k 1 (1 mark)
2~ 2 ~

So OV and VU are parallel and since they share the point V, they must be collinear.
(1 mark)
Method 2

OU 2 ~i 3 j
~

3
2( ~i j) (1 mark)
2~

2 OV (1 mark)

So OV and VU are parallel and since they share the point O, they must be collinear.
(1 mark)
Total 11 marks

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Question 2

a. i. a~ 2 sin t i 2 cos t j
~ ~

x 2 sin t y 2 cos t
x 2 sin t
2 2
y 2 cos 2 t
2

x 2 y 2 2 sin 2 t 2 cos 2 t

x 2 y 2 2 sin 2 t cos 2 t
x2 y2 2
(1 mark)

ii. At t 0, a~ 0 ~i 2 ~j

Particle A starts at the point 0, 2 in the ~i ~j plane.
It moves in a clockwise direction on a circular path with centre at 0, 0 and radius
2.
(We know it moves in a clockwise direction j
~
since as t increases from t 0 ,
sin t increases and cos t decreases
2
so the ~i component increases and

the ~j component decreases.)

i
2 2 ~

(1 mark) stating starting point

(1 mark) clockwise direction around
a circle with correct centre and radius

b. i. b~ 2 cos t ~i j
~

The Cartesian equation of the path of particle B is y 1 .

(1 mark)

ii. Since x 2 cos t , the domain of the Cartesian equation that describes the path of
particle B is x 2 , 2 .
(1 mark)

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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c. a b
~ ~

2 sin t ~i 2 cos t j 2 cos t ~i j
~ ~
2 sin t cos t 2 cos t
(1 mark)
When A and B are at right angles, a~ b~ 0 (1 mark)
2 sin t cos t 2 cos t 0
2 cos t 2 sin t 1 0
2 cos t 0 or 2 sin t 1 0
3 1
t , ... sin t
2 2 2
5 7 (1 mark)
t , ...
4 4

A and B are first at right angles at t seconds.
2
(1 mark)

d.
~
a 2 sin t ~i 2 cos t j
~

~
a 2 cos t ~i 2 sin t j
~

a~ 2 cos 2 t 2 sin 2 t (1 mark)

2 cos 2 t sin 2 t
2
So particle A moves with a constant speed of 2 units.
(1 mark)
e.
i. a~ 2 sin t ~i 2 cos t j
~

b~ 2 cos t i j
~ ~

A and B will collide iff (1 mark)

2 sin t 2 cos t AND 2 cos t 1
sin t 1
1 cos t
cos t 2
7
tan t 1 t , ,...
4 4
5
t , ,...
4 4

Since A and B will be at the same spot at the same time, that is at t , they will
4
collide. (1 mark)

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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ii. At t 0 , A is at the point 0,

2 on the ~i ~j plane.

At t , when A collides with B,
4

a~ 2 sin ~i 2 cos j
4 4 ~
1 1
2 i 2 j
2
~
2 ~ j
~
~i j
~

So A is at the point 1, 1 when the 2

collision occurs.
1
Particle A has travelled of the way
8 i
around the circle with perimeter 2 2 . 2 2 ~

2
So particle A has travelled units.
4 2
(1 mark)
Total 14 marks

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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Question 3

a.
For g x log e x 2 2 x 1 ,
x 2 2x 1 0 y ( x 1) 2
x 1 2 0
x R \ 1
d g R \ 1 or ,1 1,
(1 mark)

b. i.
Let y log e x 2 2 x 1
Swap x and y

x log e y 2 2 y 1

e x y 1
2
These steps must be shown

ex y 1
y 1 e x
(1 mark)

ii. rg 1 d g

R \ 1 or ,1 1,
(1 mark)

c. First find g 10 .

g (10) log e 10 2 20 1
log e 121
The diameter of the rim is 2 log e 121 cm.
(1 mark)

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10
volume y
2
d. i. dx
0
10

log x 2
e
2
2x 1 dx
0
(1 mark) correct integrand
(1 mark) correct terminals

ii. Using a calculator,

10

log e x 2 2 x 1 2
dx 121 98089 cm 3 (1 mark)
0

1 2198089 100cm 3
1 2198089 standard drinks
3 8 standard drinks (correct to 1 decimal place)
(1 mark)

e. Using a calculator, try different values of a where a is an integer. We require the largest value
of a so that the value of y when x 10 is less than 5.

For y ln x 2 ax 1
when x 10 and a 2, y 4 795...
For
y ln x 2 ax 1 (1 mark) for trying some values of a
when x 10, and a 3, y 4 875...

For y ln x 2 ax 1
when x 10, and a 4, y 4 948...

For y ln x 2 ax 1
when x 10, and a 5, y 5 017...
So the maximum value of a is 4.
(1 mark)

f. For the function

f x log e x 2 ax 1 , a 0 and 0 x 10
2x a
f ' x 2 , a 0 and 0 x 10
x ax 1
so f ' ( x) 0 since a 0 and x 0 (1 mark)
so f ' ( x) 0 for all 0 x 10

So for x 0, 10 there is no horizontal slope. Hence when the mould is placed upright
there is no point where the slope is vertical.
(1 mark)
Total 12 marks

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Question 4

28 3 28 28 2
a. The maximum speed of the train is given by 22 86 m/s .
480 320
(1 mark)

b.

k 22.86

The shaded area on the graph above represents the distance travelled by the train whilst it is
travelling at maximum speed.
So b 28 22 86 2 058
b 118
(1 mark)

v 50 v10
c. i. average acceleration
50 10
10 3 28 100
22 86 40

480 320

2
0 41m/s (to 2 decimal places)
(1 mark)

t 3 28t 2
ii. For t 10, v t
480 320
2
3t 56t
a t
480 320
300 560
a 10
480 320
1 125m/s 2
(1 mark)

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d. Method 1
Use a graphics calculator to solve
23 6
0 tan 1 t 130 11 691

t 198 91 seconds (to 2 decimal places)
So c 198.91 (to 2decimal places).
(1 mark)
Method 2
By hand.
23 6 1
0 tan t 130 11 691

11 691
tan 1 t 130
23 6
1 556... tan 1 t 130
tan 1 556... t 130
t 198 9136...
198 91 seconds to two decimal places
So c 198.91 (to 2decimal places). (1 mark)

28 c
t 3 28t 2
dt g t dt 2 058
e. distance 0

480
320 118

(1 mark) 1 correct integral
(1 mark) 2nd correct integral and including 2 058

f. Sketch the function y g t for 118 t 198 91 .

There is a rapid decrease in the velocity of the train between approximately
t 120 and t 140 and then there is virtually zero velocity between
t 140 and t 198 91 when the train finally comes to rest.
This suggests that the train decelerates quickly but then crawls along for approximately one
minute; maybe having to wait for another train already in the station.
(1 mark)

23 6
g' t
g.

1 t 130 2
The velocity is constant when g ' t 0 .
23 6
0 has no real solution since 23 6 0 .
Now,

1 t 130 2
So the velocity of the train is never constant for b t c .
(1 mark)

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h.

k 22.86

(1 mark) correct graph

(1 mark) showing area
(1 mark) showing reverse point
Total 12 marks

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Question 5

a. Draw a force diagram.

N1
N2

F2
F1
5

(1 mark) diagram showing forces around the trailer

Around the trailer

T 500 g sin 5 F2 ma (1 mark) and N 2 500 g cos(5)(1 mark)
2 000 427 0631 N 2 500 0 15

500 g cos 5 1 497 93...
0 307 (to 3 decimal places)
(1 mark)

b.
1 (1 mark)
s (u v )t
2
1
150 ( 4 0)t
2
t 75 secs (1 mark)

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c. i.

Draw a force diagram.

The mass of the trailer is unknown since it is being loaded with timber. Let the mass
be x kg.
So,F xg sin(5 )
0 0872 xg (correct to 4 decimal places)
Now F N (1 mark)
When F N , the trailer is on the point of rolling down the track.
Now, N 0 307 xg cos(5 )
0 3058 xg (correct to 4 decimal places)
Since 0 0872 xg 0 3058 xg , the trailer is not at the point of rolling down the
track.
(1 mark)

ii. F N
F

N

xg sin 5

xg cos 5
0 0874...
So 0 087 (to 3 decimal places).
(1 mark)
Total 9 marks

Total for Section 2 58 marks

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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions