1.

List the major segments of electromagnetic spectrum and give their

frequency ranges.
2. Compare AM with DSB-SC and SSB-SC.
3. Sketch the digitally modulated waveforms for the binary data 110101 using
ASK, FSK.
4. Why is FSK and PSK signals are preferred over ASK signals?
5. Why do we encounter aperture effect in PAM? How will you rectify it?
6. State the sampling theorem for band limited signal of finite energy.
7. Show the if ci and cj are two code vectors in the (n,k) linear block code, then
their sum is also a code vector with an example.
8. Define channel capacity of a discrete memory less channel.
9. What is Bluetooth?
10.What are the various handovers carried out in GSM?
11.(a) (i) The output modulated wave of a standard AM transmitter is
represented S(t) = 500(1 + 0.4sin3140t)cos6.28*10 7t. This voltage is fed to a
load of 600. Find
(1) Modulating frequency
(2) Carrier frequency
(3) Mean power output

(ii) Derive efficiency of standard AM and show that for a single tone AM, max =
33.3% at =1. With the help of neat block diagram explain about the generation of
SSBSC wave and demodulation.

12.(a) (i) Explain in detail about the operation of QPSK transmitter with
necessary diagrams.
(ii) Compare QPSK and BPSK.
(b) Draw the block diagram of FSK system and explain its working.

13.(a) The information in a analog wave form with maximum frequency

fm=3KHz, is to be transmitted over an M-ary PAM system, where the number
of pulse levels is M=16. The quantization distortions specified not to exceed
+ or -1% of the peak analog signal.
(i) What is the minimum number of bits/sample or bits/PCM word that should
be used in digitizing the analog waveform? (4)
(ii)What is the minimum required sampling rate and what is the resulting bit
transmission rate?(4)
(iii) What is the PAM pulse or symbol transmission rate? (4)
(iv) If the transmission bandwidth equals 12KHz determine the bandwidth
efficiency for this system. (4)

(b) The information in an analog signal voltage waveform is to be transmitted

over a PCM system with an accuracy of 0.1% (full scale). The analog voltage
waveform has a bandwidth of 100 Hz and an amplitude range of -10 to +10
volts.
 (i) Determine the maximum sampling rate required. (4)
(ii) Determine the number of bits in each PCM word. (4)
(iii) Determine minimum bit required in the PCM signal. (4)
(iv) Determine the minimum absolute channel bandwidth required for the
transmission of the PCM signal. (4)

14.(a) A source generates five messages m0, m2, m3 and m4 with probabilities
0.55, 0.15, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.05 respectively. The successive messages
emitted by the source are statistically independent. Determine code words
for the messages and efficiency using Shannon Fano Algorithm. (16)
(b) (i) Design a syndrome calculator for a (7, 4) cyclic code generated by the
polynomial g(x) = x3 + x + 1. Calculate the syndrome for the received vector
1001101. (8)
(ii) Design a cyclic encoder for the same (7, 4) cyclic code and obtain code
vector for the message vector 1100. (8)

15.(a) Explain the architecture of GSM with a neat diagram. (16)

(b) Explain the concept of cellular topology and cell fundamentals with
examples. (16)

1. List the sources of external and internal noise.

2. Differentiate frequency and phase modulation.
3. Define minimum shift keying.
4. For a 8 PSK system operating with an information bit rate of 24 kbps.
Determine bandwidth efficiency.
5. Name the standard organizations for data communications.
6. Define pulse time modulation.
7. Find the entropy of the source alphabet {s0,s1,s2} with respective
probabilities {1/4,1/4,1/2}.
8. When a binary code is said to be cyclic code?
9. What are the steps involved in Handoff process?
10.Mention the three mose commonly used multiple accessing schemes.
11.(a) (i) A receiver connected to an antenna resistance is 50 has an
equivalent noise resistance of 30. Calculate the recivers noise figure in
decibels and its equivalent noise temperature.(7)
(ii) A 1000 KHz carrier is simultaneously modulated with 300 Hz, 800 Hz
and 2 KHz audio sine waves. Find the frequencies present in the output.
(6)
(b) (i) Derive the expression for the instantaneous voltage of SSB wave.
(7)
(ii) A 25 MHz carrier is modulated by a 400Hz audio sine wave. If the
carrier voltage is 4V and the maximum frequency deviation is 10 KHz. And
phase deviation is 25 radians. Write the equation of this modulated wave
 for (1) FM (2) PM. If the modulating frequency is now changed to 2 KHz, all
else remaining constant. Write a new equation for FM and PM.
12.(a) Describe the generation and detection of binary FSK signal with
necessary diagram and equation.(13)
(b) (i) If a digital message input data rate is 8Kbps and average energy
per bit is 0.01 unit. Find the bandwidth required for transmission of the
message through BPSK, APSK, MSK and 16PSK.(8)
(ii) Compare the various digital modulation schemes.(5)
13.(a) (i) Explain the working of two station data communication circuit with a
block diagram. (7)
(ii) Discuss the various data communication codes and its significance.(6)
(b) (i) Describe the two methods of error correction in data
communication.(6)
(ii) Explain the generation of PCM signal with a block diagram.(7)
14.(a) Five source messages are probable to appear as m1 = 0.4, m2 = 0.15,
m3 = 0.15, m4 = 0.15, m5 = 0.15. Find coding efficiency for (i) Shannon-
Fano coding (ii) Huffman coding. (13)
(b) Explain the concept of code generation and decoding of correlation
code.(13)
15.(a) (i) Describe the working of global system for mobile communication.
(6)
(ii) Briefly explain the concept of frequency reuse and channel assignment
in CDMA. (7)
(b) (i) Explain the principle of working of satellite communication with a
block diagram. (8)
(ii) Briefly explain about the Bluetooth technology. (5)
16.(a) The generator polynomial of a (15, 11) Hamming code is given by g(x)
= 1 + x + x2. Design encoder and syndrome calculator for this code using
systematic form.(15)

(b) (i) A data sequence consists of the following string of bits 10 11 10 10. Analyze
and draw the nature of waveform transmitted by BPSK transmitter. (8)

(ii) A 400 W carrier is amplitude modulated to a depth of 100%. Calculate the total
power in case of the AM and DSBSC techniques? How much power saving in watts
is achieved for DSBSC? If the depth of modulation is changed to 75%, then how
much power in W is required for transmitting the DSBSC wave? Compare the power
required for DSBSC in both cases and comment on the reason for change in the
power levels? (7)