Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Keywords
The Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) is an important Determination of UCS at laboratory is a costly affair
parameter in rock mechanics that plays a significant role in because drilled core samples are required to be collected
almost all geotechnical engineering designs to obtain a from well sites and then prepared for testing. Drilling for
rough estimation of the soil strength and viable core samples and testing of rock mechanical properties of
construction techniques. The UCS may give the in-situ those cores in the laboratory, hence obtaining UCS with
stress conditions prevailing in the area which may be an aid depth is not possible by direct testing in the laboratory. So,
in the extraction of Coal Bed Methane (CBM) if the the aim of present study is to obtain the UCS values
directions of the in-situ stresses are known. The UCS directly from the well logs instead of the laboratory testing.
values generally estimated in the laboratory from testing of This would reduce the cost a lot and would easily give out
rock/core samples. The research on the mechanical an estimation of rock strength parameter like UCS for any
properties of coal measure rocks specially mudstone/shale formations.
have theoretical as well as practical significance on the
development of shale gas in coal measures and the control Measurement of rock properties
and management of roof/floor rock in mining (Meng and
Xian, 2013). Sonic log has already been used for the Present study area, located in the central part of Jharia
estimation of UCS in coal mines to design roof support coalfield, consisting of 10 exploratory wells, such as S4,
(McNally, 1987 and McNally, 1990). The UCS values are S5, S9, S15, S21, K9, K10, K16, K19 and K24 of which
obtained through log measurements of the travel time of the wells S4, S5, S9, S15 and S21 are located in Singra block
compressional or P-wave by running sonic geophysical and wells K9, K10, K16, K19 and K24 are located in
logs in core holes and are then correlated with UCS Kapuria block. The total 84 core samples, including both
measurements made on core samples from the same holes. coal and non-coal litho-units, of 10 exploratory wells in
In our present study, due to non-availability of sonic travel Jharia coalfield (Figure 1) were collected from the depth
time for all wells, our aim is to correlate laboratory derived ranges from 500 m to 1250 m for the present study.
UCS with the well log derived density of coal and non-coal
samples of the Jharia coalfield. The testing of 84 core samples for UCS and density values
were carried out in the Rock Mechanics Laboratory of the
Importance of UCS measurements Department of Mining Engineering, Indian School of
Mines, Dhanbad. The density of coal and non-coal litho-
The UCS has a significant importance as a rock strength units have also been estimated from the density logs at the
parameter. It may be defined as maximum axial stress same core recovery depth interval to observe the deviation
Department of Applied Geophysics, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, India / e-mail: rima_c_99@yahoo.com
Prediction of Uniaxial Compressive Strength from well log data
between laboratory derived and well log derived density medium grained sandstone, 3 coarse grained (gritty)
values. It is not always possible to get sufficient core sandstone, 21 intercalation and 2 jhama samples.
samples from greater depths as drilling for core samples is
very costly affair. For this reason, the present study aims to Determination of UCS
find out relations between laboratory derived density and
UCS values, laboratory derived density and well log Core analysis is required to define petrophysics for
derived density values and well log derived density and handling reservoir heterogeneity and anisotropy
laboratory derived UCS values, so that in absence of core (Worthington, 1991). The mechanical properties of rocks
samples, UCS values can be estimated from density log, if depend primarily on its mineral composition and
available. constitution, i.e., its structural and textural features (Bell et
al., 1999). The numerous factors, which influence the
In the present study, out of 84 testing data, the empirical strength and deformability behavior of sedimentary rocks,
relations between (1) laboratory derived density and UCS can be divided into two categories. Firstly; the nature and
values, (2) laboratory derived density and well log derived condition of the rock, such as mineralogy, texture, porosity,
density and (3) well log derived density and laboratory density, in-situ stresses and moisture content; secondly, the
derived UCS have been found out using 71 testing data and factors related to sample preparation and testing methods.
then (4) empirical relation between well log derived density In laboratory rock strength (UCS) as well as dry density of
and laboratory derived UCS have been validated using the core samples has been measured to establish the relation
remaining 13 testing data. among them.
110C for 24 hours. All the samples are subjected to load at From the plot between DensityWL and DensityLab values
a constant stress rate (0.5 MPa/sec) such that failure will (Figure 3), the following best fit regression equation has
occur within 5 to 10 minutes of loading. The UCS of the been obtained,
sample is then calculated by dividing the maximum load
carried by the sample during the test, by the original cross- DensityLab = 0.85 x DensityWL + 0.39 (1)
sectional area.
The equation (1) showing excellent relation between
The laboratory tested UCS (UCSLab) values ranges from DensityWL and DensityLab and the values of goodness of fit
0.0096 GPa to 0.0195 GPa for 19 coal; from 0.0259 GPa to (R2) and correlation co-efficient (r) for the above equation
0.0535 GPa for 17 shale; from 0.0437 GPa to 0.0538 GPa are 0.97 and 0.98 respectively. The clustering of points
for 3 araneceous shale; from 0.0283 GPa to 0.0499 GPa for indicating density values of different litho-units of this
4 fine grained sandstone; from 0.0279 GPa to 0.0512 GPa area.
for 15 medium grained sandstone; from 0.0330 GPa to
0.0354 GPa for 3 coarse grained (gritty) sandstone; from
0.0268 GPa to 0.0572 GPa for 21 intercalation and from
0.0192 GPa to 0.0273 GPa for 2 jhama core samples.
Measurement of Density
clustering of points indicating density values of different From Table 1, it is found that the correlation co-efficient
litho-units of this area. between UCSLab and UCS predicted using DensityLab is
0.80 whereas the correlation co-efficient between UCSLab
and UCS predicted using DensityWL is 0.78. So, it can be
concluded that in absence of core samples the UCS values
can be predicted from DensityWL (instead of DensityLab) to
get an idea of probable UCS values of different litho-units
with greater degree of accuracy.
Conclusions