SIKACARBODURCALCULATIONSOFTWARE

PROJECT:
ELEMENT:
INDEX


1. DESIGNCRITERIAANDREGULATIONS......................................................................................................................... 3

2. CALCULATIONASSUMPTIONS..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1. Geometry...................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2. Concrete........................................................................................................................................................ 3
2.3. Reinforcingsteel............................................................................................................................................ 3
2.4. Strengthreductionfactors............................................................................................................................. 3
2.5. Loadfactors................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.6. Exposureconditions...................................................................................................................................... 4

3. FRPSTRENGTH............................................................................................................................................................ 4
3.1. MainFRPreinforcement................................................................................................................................ 4

4. ANTICIPATEDCOMBINATIONSOFLOADS................................................................................................................... 4
4.1. Initialloads.................................................................................................................................................... 4
4.2. Expectedloads(strengtheningdesign).......................................................................................................... 4

5. RESULTS..................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.1. Summaryofresults........................................................................................................................................ 4
5.2. Ultimatelimitstates...................................................................................................................................... 5
5.3. Serviceabilitylimitstates............................................................................................................................... 9
5.4. Fireresistance(t=0min.)............................................................................................................................... 10
5.5. FRParrangement........................................................................................................................................... 11

6. PRODUCTSPECIFICATION........................................................................................................................................... 11
6.1. BondedSikaWrapfabrics............................................................................................................................. 11
6.1.1. Concretesurfacepreparation.................................................................................................................. 11
6.1.2. SikaWrapfabrics.................................................................................................................................... 12

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 INDEX
6.1.3. EpoxyAdhesive........................................................................................................................................ 12
6.1.4. Applicationprocedure............................................................................................................................. 13

7. LEGALDISCLAIMER..................................................................................................................................................... 14

8. ABOUTSIKACARBODURCALCULATIONSOFTWARE................................................................................................ 14

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1.DESIGNCRITERIAANDREGULATIONS

Flexuralstrengtheningofbeam.
ACI440.2R08
ACI318
Country:Croatia

2.CALCULATIONASSUMPTIONS

2.1.Geometry
Crosssection=Slab
Height = 220mm
220

2.2.Concrete
Compressivestrengthofconcrete
Concretestrength (f'c) = 16MPa
Cylinderspecimen = 16MPa
Cubespecimen = 20MPa

2.3.Reinforcingsteel
Reinforcementlayers
Steelfy Es Diameter C.toc.spacing
Bottomlayer d1mm
(MPa) (MPa) (mm) (mm)
1. 25 (B500B)500 205000 7.00 100

2.4.Strengthreductionfactors
Definedby(ACI318)

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 cc,t=0.75
tc=0.90

2.5.Loadfactors
Uservalues Deadloads Liveloads
Strengtheninglimits 1.10 0.75
Expectedloads(strengtheningdesign) 1.35 1.50
Anticipatedserviceloads 1.00 0.70
Firesituation 1.00 1.00

2.6.Exposureconditions
Fibertype:Carbon
Exposureconditions:Interiorexposure(Ce=0.95)
3.FRPSTRENGTH

3.1.MainFRPreinforcement
Simplybonded.SikaWrapC
C.toc.spacing Ef Thicknesstf Width
SikaWrap230C30cm fu
(mm) (MPa) (mm) (mm)
Layer:1
430 29050.00 1.000 0.0111 300.00
Layer:2

4.ANTICIPATEDCOMBINATIONSOFLOADS

4.1.Initialloads
Mi : 24.22 kNm/m

4.2.Expectedloads(strengtheningdesign)
Deadloads MDL : 22.00 kNm/m
Liveloads MLL : 11.00 kNm/m

5.RESULTS

5.1.Summaryofresults
Strengtheninglimits(ACI440.2R08,9.2)
Loading Mu(kNm/m) Mn(kNm/m) Mn Mu(N=Nu)
Unstrengthenedsection
Su=1.10SDL+0.75SLL 0.90 32.45 36.10
32.49kNm/m 32.45kNm/m

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 Strengthenedsectionunderanticipatedloads
Loading Mu(kNm/m) Mn(kNm/m) Mn Mu(N=Nu)
Strengthenedsection
Su=1.35SDL+1.50SLL 0.90 46.20 81.67
73.50kNm/m 46.20kNm/m
Serviceabilitylimitstates
Loading Servicestresses
fc,s 0.45f'c fy,s 0.8fy ff,s 0.55ffu
Su=1.00SDL+0.70SLL
6.85MPa 7.20MPa 399.99MPa 400.00MPa 7.24MPa 168.48MPa

Fireresistance(t=0min.)
Loading Mu(kNm/m) Mn(kNm/m) Mn Mu(N=Nu)
Unstrengthenedsection
Su=1.00SDL+1.00SLL 1.00 33.00 36.10
36.10kNm/m 33.00kNm/m

5.2.Ultimatelimitstates
Theflexuralstrengthofasectiondependsonthecontrollingfailuremode.Thefollowingflexuralfailuremodesare
investigatedfortheFRPstrengthenedsection(ACI440.2R08,10.1.1):
Crushingoftheconcreteincompressionbeforeyieldingofthereinforcingsteel;
YieldingofthesteelintensionfollowedbyruptureoftheFRPlaminate;
Yieldingofthesteelintensionfollowedbyconcretecrushing;
Sheartensiondelaminationoftheconcretecover(coverdelamination)
DebondingoftheFRPfromtheconcretesubstrate(FRPdebonding).
Thefollowingassumptionsaremadeincalculatingtheflexuralresistanceofasectionstrengthenedwithanexternally
appliedFRPsystem(ACI440.2R08,10.2.1):
Designcalculationsarebasedonthedimensions,internalreinforcingsteelarrangement,andmaterialproperties
oftheexistingmembertobestrengthened;
Thestrainsinthesteelreinforcementandconcretearedirectlyproportionaltothedistancefromtheneutralaxis.
Thatis,aplanesectionbeforeloadingremainsplaneafterloading;
ThereisnorelativeslipbetweenexternalFRPreinforcementandtheconcrete;
Thesheardeformationwithintheadhesivelayerisneglectedbecausetheadhesivelayerisverythinwithslight
variationsinitsthickness;
Themaximumusablecompressivestrainintheconcreteis0.003;
Thetensilestrengthofconcreteisneglected;and
TheFRPreinforcementhasalinearelasticstressstrainrelationshipuntilfailure
Stressstrainprofileforconcrete

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Stressstrainprofileforreinforcingsteel

Topreventsuchanintermediatecrackinduceddebondingfailuremode,theeffectivestraininFRPreinforcementmust
belimitedtothestrainlevelatwhichdebondingmayoccur,fd,asdefinedinEq.(ACI440.2R08,Section10.1):
f 'c
fd 0.41 0.9 fu
n Ef t f

MainFRPreinforcement fd : 0.0068

AnadditionalreductionfactorforFRP,f,isappliedtotheflexuralstrengthcontributionoftheFRPreinforcement.The
recommendedvalueoffis0.85.
Forcebalanceofsection.Initialloads
Su=Si=24.22kNm/m
Forcebalanceofsection.Initialloads

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 max max
x

=0.0

min

Maximumandminimumstrain max=0.49
min=1.99
Maximumstressinconcrete fc=5.88MPa
Distancefromextremecompressionfibertoneutralaxis x=43.73mm

Stressandstrainofreinforcement
Ref. YCoord.(mm) f(MPa) ()
No.7 85 349.44 1.70
*:StressinFRPisaffectedbyadittionalreductionfactor(f=
0.85).

Strengtheninglimits.Minimumcombinationofloadstoberesistedbytheunstrengthenedmember(ACI440.2R08,
Section9.2).
Su=1.10SDL+0.75SLL
Mn Mu 32.49kNm/m 32.45kNm/m
Nominalmoment Mn : 36.10 kNm/m
Strengthreductionfactor : 0.90

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 max max
=3.0
=2.0
=0.0
x

min

Maximumandminimumstrain max=2.99
min=33.06
Maximumstressinconcrete fc=13.60MPa
Distancefromextremecompressionfibertoneutralaxis x=18.22mm

Stressandstrainofreinforcement
Ref. YCoord.(mm) f(MPa) ()
No.7 85 500.00 28.97
*:StressinFRPisaffectedbyadittionalreductionfactor(f=
0.85).

Strengtheninglimits.Strengthenedsectionandexpectedloads.
Su=1.35SDL+1.50SLL
Mn Mu 73.50kNm/m 46.20kNm/m
Nominalmoment Mn : 81.67 kNm/m
Strengthreductionfactor : 0.90

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 max max
=3.0
=2.0
x

=0.0

min

Maximumandminimumstrain max=2.22
min=8.70
Maximumstressinconcrete fc=13.60MPa
Distancefromextremecompressionfibertoneutralaxis x=44.69mm

Stressandstrainofreinforcement
Ref. YCoord.(mm) f(MPa) ()
No.7 85 500.00 7.46
FRP 110 166.22 6.73
FRP 111 167.16 6.77
*:StressinFRPisaffectedbyadittionalreductionfactor(f=
0.85).

5.3.Serviceabilitylimitstates
Thestressinthesteelreinforcementunderserviceloadsmustbelimitedto80%oftheyieldstrength.Inaddition,the
compressivestressinconcreteunderserviceloadsmustbelimitedto45%ofthecompressivestrength(ACI440.2R,
10.2.8).
fs,s 0.8 fy
fc,s 0.45 fc
Thesustainedstressshouldbelimitedasexpressedbyeq.(ACI440.2R08,10.2.9):
ff ,s 0.55 ffu
Forcebalanceofsectionunderserviceloads
Su=1.00SDL+0.70SLL

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 max max
x

=0.0

min

Maximumandminimumstrain max=0.59
min=2.28
Maximumstressinconcrete fc=6.85MPa
Distancefromextremecompressionfibertoneutralaxis x=45.30mm

Stressandstrainofreinforcement
Ref. YCoord.(mm) f(MPa) ()
No.7 85 399.99 1.95
FRP 110 7.20 0.29
FRP 111 7.24 0.29
*:StressinFRPisaffectedbyadittionalreductionfactor(f=
0.85).

5.4.Fireresistance(t=0min.)
Strengtheninglimits.Unstrengthenedsection.
Su=1.00SDL+1.00SLL
Mn Mu 36.10kNm/m 33.00kNm/m
Nominalmoment Mn : 36.10 kNm/m
Strengthreductionfactor : 1.00

Thenominalstrengthoftheunstrengthenedmemberexceedsthecombinationofloadscorrespondingtothefire
situation.TheFRPstrengtheningisthereforenotnecessaryduringafiresituation,anddoesnotneedtobeprotected.If
acertainfireratingisnecessary,thedesignermustevaluatetheneedforaprotectionoftheRCelement(concreteand
steelreinforcement)accordingtothelocalcodes.

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5.5.FRParrangement
ThepreviousresultscorrespondtothefollowingFRPscheme:
FRPmainreinforcement:SikaWrap230C30cm.C.toc.spacing:430mm

220

6.PRODUCTSPECIFICATION

6.1.BondedSikaWrapfabrics
Thestrengtheningshallbeachievedusingunidirectionalcarbonfibrefabric,impregnatedandexternallybondedtothe
structurewithepoxyadhesiveSikadur330
Thematerialshallbeapultruded,unidirectionalCFRPplate,andexhibitafibrevolumecontent>68%.
Thefibersshouldbealignedandfreeoftorsion.
Thematerialshallhavealongtrackrecord(>25years)forstructuralstrengthening.
ThefibrefabricshallbeunidirectionalandfabricatedofPANbasedcarbonfibres.
Installationinseverallayersshallbepossible.
Thematerialshallhavealongtrackrecordforstructuralstrengthening.
Measuredvaluesofmechanicalpropertiesoflaminatedfabricsshallbeprovided,minimumtestseriesof20samples.

6.1.1.Concretesurfacepreparation
Anyunsoundmaterialshallberemovedandremovedconcreteshallberepairedasdescribedabove.Largeblowholes
andhoneycombingshallbefilledwithasuitablerepairmortar.
Repairmaterialsshallbefullycompatiblewiththeadhesive.
Theactualstrengthoftheconcretesubstrateshallbeverifiedwithatleastthreepullofftests.
Theconcreteshallbeolderthan28days.
Thelaitancelayeronthesubstratesurfaceshallberemovedandanopentexturedsurfaceshallbecreated.
Thesubstratesurfaceshallbecleanedsothatitisfreefromoil,greaseandanyothercontaminantsaswellasloose
particlesanddust.

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Forfibrefabricapplication,allcornersshallberoundedtoaminimumradiusof20mmandanysharpedgesshallbe
removed.
Thesubstratemoisturecontentshallbelessthan4%pbw.

6.1.2.SikaWrapfabrics
Thematerialsshallcomplywiththeperformancecharacteristicsdescribedasfollows:

6.1.2.1.TypicalPropertiesofSikaWrap230C30cmfabric:
Typicaldryfiberproperties:
Fibrevolumecontent >68%
Glasstransitiontemp. >100C
EModulus EN2561/ASTMD3039 230000N/mm(MPa)
TensileStrength EN2561/ASTMD3039 4000N/mm(MPa)
Strainatbreak EN2561/ASTMD3039 17%

Typicallaminateproperties(relatedtofibrethickness):
EModulus EN2561/ASTMD3039 225000N/mm(MPa)

6.1.3.EpoxyAdhesive
Theadhesiveshallbeepoxybased.
TheprimingofthesubstrateandthesaturationoftheSikaWrap230C30cmfabricwillbedonebymeansof
Sikadur330

6.1.3.1.TypicalPropertiesofSikadur330adhesive
TheadhesivemustcomplywithEN15044.
Chemicalbase Epoxyresin
Density 1.30kg/l(at+23C).
+10C 10000mPas
Viscosity(shearrate50/S) +23C 6000mPas
+35C 5000mPas
Thermalexpansioncoefficient 10Cto+40C 4.5x105perC
Curing
7days,+10C +36C
Thermalstability.HDT(ASTMD648)
7days,+23C +47C
7days,+35C +53C
Servicetemperature 23CCuring 40Cto+45C
TensileStrength DINENISO5273 30N/mm2(7daysat+23C)
BondStrength(sandblastedsubstrate) DINENISO4624 Concretefracture(>4N/mm)
EModulus(flexural) DINEN1465 3800N/mm2(7daysat+23C)
Emodulusintensile DINENISO5273 4500N/mm2(7daysat+23C)
Elongationatbreak DINENISO5273 0.9%(7daysat+23C)

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6.1.4.Applicationprocedure
Thewrapshallbecuttosizewithspecialfibrescissors.
Aprimerlayeroftheimpregnatingresinshallbeappliedonthesubstratesurface,usingatoothedtroweloraroller.
Thefabricshallbeplacedonthesubstrate,pressedongently,andtheresinshallbeworkedintothefabricwithan
impregnationrolleruntilthefabriciscompletelysaturated.
Additionallayersshallbeinstalledasdescribedabove,preferablywetonwet.
Incaseofacementitiousovercoat,theresultingresinsurfaceshallbebroadcastedwithquartzsand.
Impregnationshallalwaysbeperformedinfibredirection.
Afterapplication,thefinishedfibrefabricinstallationofshallbeprotectedfromrain,sand,dustandanyother
contaminants.
Ifnecessary,theappliedsystemshallbeprotectedwithasuitablecoating(compatibilitytestsbetweenthecoatingand
thefabricshallbeavailable).

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7.LEGALDISCLAIMER
THISSOFTWAREAPPLICATIONANDTHERESULTSDERIVEDFROMITSUTILIZATIONAREINTENDEDONLYFORUSEBY
PROFESSIONALUSERSWITHEXPERTKNOWLEDGEINTHEAREAOFTHEINTENDEDAPPLICATION.USERSMUST
INDEPENDENTLYVERIFYTHERESULTSBEFOREANYUSEANDTAKEINTOACCOUNTTHESITEANDAPPLICATION
CONDITIONS,PRODUCTDATASHEETANDPRODUCTLITERATURE,TECHNICALSTATEOFTHEARTASWELLASLOCAL
APPLICABLESTANDARDSANDREGULATIONS.
Withrespecttothesoftwareapplicationandresultsderivedfromitsuse,SIKAMAKESNOWARRANTIESOFACCURACY,
RELIABILITY,COMPLETENESS,MERCHANTABILITYORFITNESSFORANYPURPOSE.THESOFTWAREAPPLICATIONIS
PROVIDEDONAN"ASIS"BASISANDSIKAEXPRESSLYDISCLAIMSANYWARRANTIESWITHRESPECTTOTHESOFTWARE
APPLICATIONANDRESULTSDERIVEDFROMITSUSE.
Sikashallnotbeliableforanyconsequential,punitive,incidental,exemplary,orspecialdamages(includingbutnot
limitedtolossofbusinessopportunityorlossofprofit)arisingoutoftheevaluationoruseofthesoftwareapplication
andresultsderivedfromitsuse.
Theinformation,and,inparticular,therecommendationsrelatingtotheapplicationandenduseofSikaproducts,are
giveningoodfaithbasedonSika'scurrentknowledgeandexperienceoftheproductswhenproperlystored,handled
andappliedundernormalconditionsinaccordancewithSikasrecommendations.Inpractice,thedifferencesin
materials,substratesandactualsiteconditionsaresuchthatnowarrantyinrespectofmerchantabilityoroffitnessfora
particularpurpose,noranyliabilityarisingoutofanylegalrelationshipwhatsoever,canbeinferredeitherfromthis
information,orfromanywrittenrecommendations,orfromanyotheradviceoffered.Theuseroftheproductmusttest
theproductssuitabilityfortheintendedapplicationandpurpose.Sikareservestherighttochangethepropertiesofits
products.Theproprietaryrightsofthirdpartiesmustbeobserved.Allordersareacceptedsubjecttoourcurrentterms
ofsaleanddelivery.UsersmustalwaysrefertothemostrecentissueofthelocalProductDataSheetfortheproduct
concerned,copiesofwhichwillbesuppliedonrequest.
Exceptasindicatedotherwise,allinformation,text,graphicimages,features,functions,andlayoutcontainedinthis
softwarearetheexclusivepropertyofSikaandmaynotbecopiedordistributed,inwholeorinpart,withoutthe
Company'sexpresswrittenconsent.
BytransmittinginformationtoSika,yougranttotheCompanytheunrestrictedirrevocablelicensetouse,reproduce,
display,modify,distributeandperformsuchinformation.PersonalidentityinformationisusedbySikaonlytoprocessa
requestforinformationbyyouorformarketingourproductsandservices.
CopyrightSikaServicesAG2016

8.ABOUTSIKACARBODURCALCULATIONSOFTWARE

Engineeredby:

CypeSoftwareEusebioSempere,503003Alicante(Spain)
www.cype.com

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