ISSN XXXX XXXX 2017 IJESC

Research Article Volume 7 Issue No. 2

An Advanced Controller for Harmonic Mitigation in Eight Switch

Conditioner
Thota.Sivaparvathi1 , K. Praveen Ku mar2
PG Scholar1 , Assistant professor2
Depart ment of EEE
Sphoorthy Engineering Co llege, Nadargul, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Abstract:
Power quality is an issue that is becoming increasingly important to electricity consumers at all levels of usage. Sensitive power
electronic equipment and nonlinear loads are widely used in industrial, co mmercial and domestic applications leading to disto rtion in
voltage and current waveforms. As a result, harmonics are generated from power converters or nonlinear loads. This causes the power
system to operate at low power factor, lo w efficiency, increased losses in transmission and distribution lines, failu re of electrical
equipments, and interference problem with co mmunication system. So, there is a great need to mitigate these harmonic, reactiv e
current components and poor voltage regulation. This project emphasis enhancement of power quality by using eight s witch power
conditioner for current harmonic compensation and voltage sag mitigation with fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and proportional i ntegral
(PI) controller the main purpose of the proposed (FLC) is capable of providing good static and dynamic performa nces compared to PI
controller. The performance of the proposed controllers has been evaluated through Matlab/simulink.

Keywords: Fu zzy Logic Controller, Po wer Conditioning, Power Quality.

I. INTRODUCTION: through conventional passive filters. However, their limitat ions,

The power quality has become a challenging issue in our day to
day life. The term power quality has become one of the most
prolific buzzwo rds in the power industry since the late 1980s [1].
As the consumers requirement increases day by day, the quality
of the power supply has also to be improved accordingly. Both
the electric utilities and end users of electric power are becoming
increasingly concerned about the quality of electric power. In
recent years, the development of power electronics devices has
been led for the implementation of electronic equip ment which
is suitable for electrical power systems. The non-linear loads
produce harmonics and reactive power related problems in the
utility systems. The harmonic and reactive power cause po or
power factor and distort the supply voltage at the customer
service point. The presence of harmonics in power lines results
in greater power losses in the distribution system, interference
problems in commun ication systems and, sometimes, in
operation failu res of electronic equip ments, which are more and
more sensitive since they include microelectronic control
systems, which work with very low energy levels. Because of
these problems, the issue of the power quality delivered to the
end consumers is, more than ever, an object of great concern.
Ideally, voltage and current waveforms are in phase, the power
factor of load equals to unity, and the reactive power
consumption is zero. Th is situation enables the most efficient
transport of active power, leading to the attainment of the
cheapest distribution system. In the past, the solutions to
mitigate as fixed compensation, resonance with the source
impedance, and difficulty in tuning time dependence of filter
parameters, these identified power quality problems were
such have ignited the need for active and hybrid filters [2 -3].
Under this circu mstance, a new technology called Custom Power
Devices (CPDs) emerged in distribution sector that power
quality can be significantly imp roved. To reduce the power
quality issues, it is important to eliminate the harmonics in the
power systems. The harmonic elimination through Shunt Active
Power Filter (SAPF) provides higher efficiency when co mpared
with other filters. Non model- based controllers have been
designed for the control of a SAPF to reduce the distortion
which is created by the non-linear loads. An Artificial Neural
Network (ANN) is becoming a deterioration technique in many
control applications due to its parallel operation and high
learning capability. Since its first introduction, static power
converter development has grown rapidly with many converter
topologies now readily found in the open literature.
Accompanying this development is the equally rap id
identification of application areas, where power converters can
contribute positively toward raising the overall system quality.
In most cases, the identified applications would require the
power converters to be connected in series or shunt, depending
on the operating scenarios under consideration. In addition, they
need to be programmed with voltage, current, and/or power
regulation schemes so that they can smoothly compensate for
harmonics, reactive power flow, unbalance, and voltage
variations. For even more stringent regulation of supply quality,
both a shunt and a series converter are added with one of them
tasked to perform vo ltage regulation, wh ile the other performs
current regulation back configuration to reduce its losses,
component count, and complexity would still be favored, if there
is no or only slight expected tradeoff in performance.

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 The duty cycle DA of switch SA can be determined taking the
average value of Vac in one switching period
DA = 1+v*AC vdc
where v*AC is the line -to -line reference voltage at the output
of the eight-switch converter, which is equal to vAC (average
value) if the switching frequency is sufficiently high. It is
important to mention that the inequality should be also valid
for the eight - switch converter. On the other hand, it is
interesting to rearrange such inequality in terms of line -to -
line voltages in order to find the boundaries of v*AC.
Thus, Exposed for the nine -switch converter it is necessary to
shift the sinusoidal waveform in v AC. For the shunt converter,
the duty cycle is scaled and shifted as follo ws:

Figure.1. Representati ons of (a) back-to-back and (b) nine-

switch power conditi oners.

II. EIGHT SWITCH POWER CONDITIONER

The state of the intermediate switch is defined as the exclusive
The eight -switch converter is obtained by removing one switch or of the top and bottom switches states, i.e.,
of the third leg of the nine switch converter and placing the
output terminal C in the positive pole of the dc link. This is SAR = SA * SR
feasible because the capacitors of the LC filter block the dc
components generated by the connection of one phase to the
positive pole of the dc link. The co mp lementary duty cycle
expressions for the series converter are obtained by scaling
the complementary duty cycles, as follows

Figure.3. Bl ock diagram of the series control

With the removal o f one switch for the shunt converter, the
duty cycles of the remaining switches (i.e., DA and DB)
should reflect the synthesis of the line-to -line voltages v *AC
and v *BC, instead of the phase voltages. A slightly different
approach should be carried out for deducing the duty cycles of
the eight switch converter. Focusing only on the converter leg
AR of the eight-switch converter, it is possible to find that
switch SA controls the voltage vAC as follows:

Figure.4. Bl ock diagram of the shunt control.

Figure.2. Eight s witch conditi oner using the hybri d filter. Figure.5. Dc link voltage Vdc

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Figure.6. Reacti ve power on the load side
getting better performance by the reduction of total harmonic
distortion in the system. The simulation results are obtained for
the Grid interfacing using series and parallel converter system
with conventional PI controller and Fuzzy logic controller. Due
to the presence of non-linearity in the system, harmon ics are
produced which lead to voltage distortions. By using
conventional PI controller in the system we can reduce these
distortions. However, it is found, through the simulat ion results,
that fuzzy logic controller can do better in reducing harmonics &
improves Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).

FUZZ Y LOGIC CONTROLLER: Fu zzy Logic Controller is

one of the most successful applications of fuzzy set theory,
introduced by Zadeh in 1965. Its major features are the use of
linguistic variables rather than numerical variables. The general
structure of the FLC is shown in Fig. As seen from Fig., a FLC
is comprises four principal components. Where VInva, VInvb
and VInvc are the three-phase ac switching voltages generated
Figure.7. Current on load side without compensation on the output terminal of inverter. These inverter output voltages
can be modeled in terms of instantaneous dc bus voltage and
III. FUZZY B AS ED EIGHT SWITCH POWER switching pulses of the inverter as
CONDITIONER

Mamdani fuzzy logic controller

The most common ly used fuzzy inference technique is the so -

called Mamdani method (Mamdani & Assilian, 1975) wh ich was
proposed, by Mamdani and Assilian, as the very rst attempt to
control a steam engine and boiler co mbination by synthesizing a
set of linguistic control rules obtained from experienced human
operators. Their work was inspired by an equally inuential
publication by Zadeh(Zadeh,1973). Interes t in fuzzy control has
continued ever since, and the literature on the subject has grown Similarly the charging currents IInvad ,IInvbd ,IInvcd and
rapidly. A survey of the eld with fairly extensive references IInvnd on dc bus due to the each leg of inverter can be seen in
may be found in (Lee, 1990) or, more recently, in (Sala et al., the figures
2005). In Mamdanis model the fuzzy imp licat ion is modeled by
Mamdanis min imu m operator, the conjunction operator is min,
the t-norm fro m co mpositional rule is aggregation of the rules
the max operator is used. In order to explain the working with
this model of FLC will be considered the examp le fro m (Rakic,
2010) where a simp le two-input one-output problem that
includes three rules is examined:
Rule1: IF x is A3 OR y is B1 THEN z is C1
Rule2: IF x is A2 AND y is B2 THEN z is C2
Ru le3: IF x is A1 THEN z is C3.

Figure.8. Structure of FLC

The fuzzifier converts input data into suitable linguistic values

by using fuzzy sets. The fuzzy sets are introduced with
membership functions such as triangle, sigmoid or trapezoid.
The knowledge base consists of a data base with the necessary
linguistic definit ions and control rule set. The rule set of
knowledge base consists of some fuzzy rules that define the
relations between inputs and outputs. Usually, fuzzy rules are
expressed in the form of IFTHEN fu zzy conditional statements;
Case 2: With Fuzzy Controller Figure shows the total harmonic
distortion values with PI and Fu zzy controllers. Fro m these
figure it conclude that the fuzzy control provide bet - ter
harmonic distortion factor of load current as compared with
conventional PI controller The fuzzy logic controller is used for

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 where u m is the mth input variable, v is the output, Amn is the
nth membership set and Bi is the output membership set belongs
to ith rule. Inference engine simu lates the human decision
process. This unit infers the fuzzy control action fro m the
knowledge of the control rules and the linguistic variable
definit ions. Therefore, the knowledge base and the inference
engine are in interconnection during the control process. Firstly
active rules are detected by substituting fuzzified input variables
into rule base. Then these rules are co mbined by using one of the
fuzzy reasoning methods. Max-M in and Max-Product are most
common fuzzy reasoning methods. The defuzzifier converts the
fuzzy control action that infers fro m inference engine to a non Figure.11.Sub circuit of shunt controleer on source side
fuzzy control action. Different defuzzification methods are used
such as center of gravity, mean of maxima and min max eighted
average formu la. Center of gravity is the most common
defuzzificat ion method and given in

Figure.12. Sub circuit of series controller on load side

Where (z) is the grade of membership that obtained inference

engine, z is the outputs of each rules and z* is the defuzzified
output .

Table.1. Fuzzy rule table

Figure.13. Dc link voltage Vdc after using the Fuzzy logic

controller

Figure.14. Source voltages(vol ts)

Figure.9.Simulation circuit using the fuzzy logic controller Figure.15. Source and l oad side currents

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Figure.16. Reacti ve power after using the Fuzzy logic
controller
Figure.17. Current on load si de after compensati on
Figure.18. FFT anal ysis of simulation wi th lower THD value
IV. CONCLUS ION:
The eight switch power conditioner is being developed with the
Mamdani Fu zzy logic system in the shunt controller which is
connected on the source side .This could improve the
performance characteristics of the entire system by having lower
THD in voltages when compared to the former system and
improved Reactive power characteristics and Dc voltage
regulation with min ripples after co mpensation
V. FUT URE S COPE:
In this proposed work can be carried with ANN based approach
to imp rove power quality parameters sag and THD further and
further.
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Author Profiles:

T.si vaparvathi, Co mpleted B.Tech in Electrical & Electronics

Engineering in 2010 fro m narasaraopeta engineering college,
narasaraopet, Guntur. Pursuing M.Tech form Sphoorhty
Engineering Co llege Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad,
Telangana, India. Area of interest includes Power Electronics .
E-mail id : akula.sivaparvathi@g mail.co m,

K.PRAVEENKUMAR, Asst. Professor, Sphoorthy Engineering

College Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
E-mailid: hrdianpraveen@gmail.co m@g mail.co m,

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