Chapter 9 Natural Convection

9-77 A vertical plate in water is considered. The forced motion velocity above which
natural convection heat transfer from the plate is negligible is to be determined.
Plate,
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. Ts = 60C
Properties The properties of water at the film temperature
of (Ts+T)/2 = (60+25)/2 = 42.5C are (Table A-15)
L=5m
= 0.65 10 6 m2 / s
= 0.00040 K -1
Water
Analysis The characteristic length is the height of the plate T = 25C
Lc = L = 5 m. The Grashof and Reynolds numbers are V

g (Ts T ) L3 (9.81 m/s 2 )(0.0004 K -1 )(60 25 K )(5 m ) 3

Gr = = 6
= 4.063 1013
2
(0.65 10 2
m /s ) 2

V L V (5 m )
Re = = = 4.6 10 6 V
0.65 10 6 m 2 /s
and the forced motion velocity above which natural convection heat transfer from this
plate is negligible is
Gr 4.063 1013
= 0.1
= 0.1
V = 2.62 m/s
Re 2 (4.6 10 6 V ) 2

9-78 Thin square plates coming out of the oven in a production facility are cooled by
blowing ambient air horizontally parallel to their surfaces. The air velocity above which
the natural convection effects on heat transfer are negligible is to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 Air is an ideal gas with constant
properties. 3 The atmospheric pressure at that location is 1 atm. 30C
Hot plates
Properties The properties of air at 1 atm and 1 atm and the 270C
film temperature of (Ts+T)/2 = (270+30)/2 = 150C are
(Table A-15)
= 2.859 10 5 m 2 /s
2m
1 1
= = = 0.002364 K -1
Tf (150 + 273)K

Analysis The characteristic length is the height of the plate 2m

Lc = L = 2 m. The Grashof and Reynolds numbers are
g (Ts T ) L3 (9.81 m/s 2 )(0.002364 K -1 )(270 30 K )(2 m ) 3
Gr = = = 5.447 1010
2 (2.859 10 5 m 2 /s ) 2
V L V (2 m )
Re = = = 6.995 10 4 V
2.859 10 5 m 2 /s
and the forced motion velocity above which natural convection heat transfer from this
plate is negligible is
Gr 5.447 1010
= 0.1
= 0.1
V = 10.6 m/s
Re 2 (6.995 10 4 V ) 2

9-52