c
 


›

:

Taeniasis - mostly mild symptoms including nervousness; insomnia, anorexia, weight loss, abdominal pains and
digestive disturbances; most infections are asymptomatic; human cysticercosis - due to infection with c

eggs, the cysticercus can develop in any organ in the body; most commonly in the central nervous system, with
lesion normally found in the cerebrum, subarachnoid space and the ventricles of the brain; symptoms includes
headache, papilledema, hemiparesis, decreased vision, and seizures
›




ungestion of c
 eggs or proglottid rupture within the host intestine can cause larvae to migrate into host
tissue and cause cysticercosis. This is the most frequent and severe disease caused by c
. un symptomatic
cases, a wide spectrum of symptoms may be expressed including headaches, dizziness and occasional seizures.
un more severe cases, dementia or hypertension due to perturbation of the normal circulation of cerebrospinal
fluid can occur. The severity of cysticercosis depends on location, size and number of parasite larvae in tissues,
as well as the host immune response. Other symptoms include sensory deficits, involuntary movements and
brain system dysfunction. un children ocular location of cysts is more common than cystation in other locations
of the body. uf a person is heavily infected with c
, it can lead to neurocysticercosis which can lead to
epilepsy, seizures, lesions in the brain, blindness and tumor like growths. This kind of patient will also show the
low level of eosinophils when they run the blood test.

›  



  › 


  - 3 to 5 m but - invaginated - white in color - has less than a - both have
can get up to 8m and globular in thousand female and male
shape proglottides organs that
- scolex has which are non- contain up to 80
hooks and motile thousand fertile,
suckers for infectious eggs
attachment

 - 4.5 to 9m (15 - ribbon shaped - white in color - it has between - both have
to 30 ft.) one and two female and male
thousand organs that
- uts scolex, proglottides (2) contain up to 80
unlike T. that are motile thousand fertile,
solium, does not and can migrate infectious eggs
have hooks but a few cm over
has suckers for the body or non-
attachment living objects
Pu TOGRAPH

c
  !"

c
 #

This is an adult c

 taperworm scolex


 c
 ! "

The scolex of T. solium has hooks on its anterior end, while the scolex of T. saginata only has
the four suckers.

Proglottids of c



c 
 

Taenia Solium. Showing two proglottides.

Scoleces of c
 spp. The scolex of c
 contains four large suckers and a rostellum containing two rows
of large and small hooks. There are usually 13 hooks of each size. The scolex of c

  has four large
suckers but lacks the rostellum and rostellar hooks.

, $% Scoleces of c
. Note the four large suckers and rostellum containing two rows of hooks.

% Scolex of c

 . Note the four large suckers and lack of rostellum and rostellar hooks.

Proglottids of c
 spp. Gravid proglottids are longer than wide and the two species, c
 and c


 , differ in the number of primary lateral uterine branches: c
 contains 7-13 lateral branches and
c

  12-30 lateral branches.

%Mature proglottid of c


 , stained with carmine. Note the number of primary uterine branches (>12).
$% Mature proglottid of c

 , stained with undia ink. Note the number of primary uterine branches
(>12). umage courtesy of the Orange ounty Public Health Laboratory, Santa Ana, A.
  &

% Mature proglottid of c
, stained with carmine. Note the number of primary uterine branches (<13).
&% Mature proglottid of c
, stained with undia ink. Note the number of primary uterine branches (<13) in
the lower specimen.

 '

('% Proglottids of c


 . Figure shows an unstained proglottid. Figure ' shows the same proglottid
injected with undia ink, demonstrating the number of primary uterine branches (>12). umages courtesy of the
Oregon State Public Health Laboratory.
 '  

The life cycle of c

is represented graphically below. ut consists of six main steps:

›) unfected humans (definitive host) excrete the eggs or gravid proglottids in their feces, passing the
parasite from the gastrointestinal tract onto nearby vegetation. un egg or gravid proglottid form, c

is able
to remain viable anywhere from days to months. c

can be diagnosed at this point in the life cycle.

 
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c
 


  


 
 

 



 


  

  





›* Pigs (intermediate host) acquire infection by eating and digesting the eggs or gravid proglottids along
with the parasitized vegetation.

›+ The eggs or gravid proglottids migrate to the pig's intestine and as oncospheres, break through the
intestinal wall. Then, via the circulatory system, they embed themselves in the muscles of the pig and develop
into cysticerci (the infective form of c
). ysticerci have the ability to persist in the muscle for many
years.


›, Humans acquire the infection by eating the undercooked or raw flesh of an infected animal.

›-(. ystercerci migrate to the small intestine of the human host and develop into their adult tapeworm
form normally within two months. By attaching to the intestinal wall with their scolices (hooked structures),
these adult tapeworms may persist for long periods of time, even years.