UPC

Notes on
Matrix Converters
VA

VB

VC

+
I
V
Va Vb Vc
- LOAD
CECA Convertidors Esttics de Corrent Altern

Dr. Antoni Arias

Matrix Concept
UPC

Bi-directional
switch
SAc
D1
T2

T1
D2

AC / AC direct electrical power conversion

M X N , inputs & outputs. Figure corresponds to the 3 X 3
Variable frequency and variable voltage
2
 Fundamentals
UPC

UA
1, open
Switching function: Sio (t ) iA
0, closed SAa SAb S Ac
i A, B, C
UB
iB
o a, b, c UC SBa SBb S Bc

Transfer Matrix: S (t ) iC

Aa S Ba (t ) SCa (t ) SCa SCb SCc
T S Ab (t ) S Bb (t ) SCb (t ) ia ib ic
S Ac (t ) S Bc (t ) SCc (t )
Ua Ub Uc

There are 2^9 (512) possible combinations

Each output phase can be connected to any input phase
There are several constraints:
Avoid line to line input short circuit S Ao (t ) S Bo (t ) SCo (t ) 1
Avoid open circuits with inductive currents

Model
UPC

UA
U aN (t ) U AN (t ) iA
U oN (t ) U bN (t ) U iN (t ) U BN (t ) SAa SAb S Ac
UB
U cN (t ) U CN (t )
iB
ia (t ) i A (t ) SBa SBb S Bc
io (t ) ib (t ) ii (t ) iB (t ) UC
ic (t ) iC (t ) iC
SCa SCb SCc
i A, B, C o a, b, c
ia ib ic
Ua Ub Uc
U oN (t ) T U iN (t ) ii (t ) T T io (t )
U aN (t ) S Aa (t ) S Ba (t ) SCa (t ) U AN (t ) i A (t ) S Aa (t ) S Ab (t ) S Ac (t ) ia (t )
U (t ) S (t ) S (t ) S (t ) U (t ) i (t ) S (t ) S (t ) S (t ) i (t )
bN Ab Bb Cb BN B Ba Bb Bc b
U cN (t ) S Ac (t ) S Bc (t ) SCc (t ) U CN (t ) iC (t ) S Ca (t ) S Cb (t ) SCc (t ) ic (t )

4
 Features
UPC

Direct AC / AC Conversion. No DC Link: all silicon solution

Less bulky (compact motor drives)
Safer (hostile environments: aircraft, submarine)
Bidirectional power flow. 4 quadrant converter
No restriction on input and output frequency within limits
imposed by switching frequency U U U U U AC BC BA CA CB UAB

Sinusoidal input and output

input voltages ( V )
currents waveforms U U U A B C

9 bidirectional switches.
(18 IGBT + 18 Diodes)
Output voltage limited to 86.6%
(cos30) of input voltage
input sector 1 2 3 4 5 6 1

Applications
UPC

Standard:
Wind/Water Force Machines (blowers, boilers, incinerators),
pumps, and general Industrial Machines.
Specific Applications:
Compact or Integrated Motor Drives
Motor Drives for hostile environments (aircrafts,
submarines)
AC/AC Power Conversions: wind energy, variable speed
drives...
Still a topic of research

6
 Industrial Products
UPC

Yaskawa Medium voltage FSDrive-MX1S.

Launched in 2004
Worlds first matrix converter Drive
Super energy saving medium-voltage Matrix
Converter with Power regeneration
3kV 200 to 3000kVA
6kV 400 to 6000kVA
Applications:
Wind/Water Force Machines (blowers, boilers, incinerators),
pumps, and general Industrial Machines.

Industrial Products
UPC

Yaskawa Low voltage Matrix Converter

(Varispeed AC)
V/f and vector control

8
 Waveforms
UPC

Waveforms
UPC

300

200

100

-100

-200

-300

0.99 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1

UAN , UBN , UCN input voltages and UaN output voltage

10
 Waveforms
UPC

300

200

100

-100

-200

-300

0.99 0.9901 0.9902

UAN , UBN , UCN input voltages and UaN output voltage

11

Waveforms
UPC

Uan = 2/3 UaN -1/3 UbN -1/3 UcN = UaN + UNn

UNn = -1/3 (UaN + UbN + UcN )
12
 Waveforms
UPC
400

300

200

100

-100

-200

-300

-400
0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1

Uan output voltage

13

Waveforms
UPC

Uab = f ( UAB ,UAC ,UBC ,UBA ,UCA ,UCB )

14
 Waveforms
UPC
600

400

200

-200

-400

-600
0.98 0.982 0.984 0.986 0.988 0.99 0.992 0.994 0.996 0.998 1

UAB , UAC , UBC , UBA , UCA , UCB input line voltages

versus Uab output line voltage
15

Waveforms
UPC
600

400

200

-200

-400

-600
0.982 0.9821 0.9822

It uses the two largest voltages

16
 Waveforms
UPC

17

Waveforms
UPC
400

300

200

100

-100

-200

-300

-400
0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1
Uan ia inductive current (small dephase or delay)
18
 Waveforms
UPC

19

Waveforms
UPC

10

-5

-10

0.98 0.982 0.984 0.986 0.988 0.99 0.992 0.994 0.996 0.998 1

Different frequencies isA ia

20
 Waveforms
UPC

21

Waveforms
UPC

10

-5

-10

0.98 0.982 0.984 0.986 0.988 0.99 0.992 0.994 0.996 0.998 1

iA input current and , ia , ib , ic load currents

22
 Waveforms
UPC

23

Waveforms
UPC

10

-5

-10

0.98 0.982 0.984 0.986 0.988 0.99 0.992 0.994 0.996 0.998 1

isA filtered input current and iA non filtered input current

24
 Waveforms
UPC

25

Waveforms
UPC

300

200

100

-100

-200

-300

0.98 0.982 0.984 0.986 0.988 0.99 0.992 0.994 0.996 0.998 1

isA filtered input current and usA source voltage. Power Factor = 1
26
 Waveforms
UPC

27

Waveforms
UPC

300

200

100

-100

-200

-300

0.98 0.982 0.984 0.986 0.988 0.99 0.992 0.994 0.996 0.998 1

UsAN source and UAN input phase voltages

28
 Alternatives
UPC

Industry workhorse from less than kW to MW

Unidirectional power flow
2 quadrant
When the current changes its sign, the power must be
burn in the DC link
DC link capacitor (30% -50% of the power circuit
volume)
Input currents very poor. (awful THD)
29

Alternatives
UPC

SAp SBp SCp Sap Sbp Scp

A a ia

N b ib
B
C c ic
SAn SBn SCn San Sbn Scn

Bi directional power flow

4 quadrant
DC link capacitor and input inductors
Sinusoidal input currents. Input Power Factor 1
Matrix Converter real alternative

30
 MC versus back to back
UPC

UA
iA
UB SAa SAb S Ac
SAp SBp SCp Sap Sbp Scp
ia iB
A a
N ib UC SBa SBb S Bc
B b
C c ic iC
SAn SBn SCn San Sbn Scn SCa SCb SCc
D1 ia ib ic
T2

Ua Ub Uc
T1
D2

12 IGBTs + 12 Diodes 18 IGBTs + 18 Diodes

1 large electrolytic capacitor (DC link) Input filter (2nd order)
Input filter (1st order) 3 inductors
3 large inductors 3 capacitors
Clamp circuit

31

Bi Directional Switch
UPC

Must be able to conduct positive and negative current and block positive
and negative voltage
D1 D2

T1
Diode embedded switch
Switch: 1 IGBT + 4 diodes
D4 D3
Conducting losses: 2 diodes +1 IGBT

Back to back switch with common collector D1

T2
Switch: 2 IGBT + 2 diodes
Diode required for reverse blocking capability
Conducting losses: 1 diode +1 IGBT T1
D2

Back to back switch with common emitter D1

T2
Switch: 2 IGBT + 2 diodes
Diode required for reverse blocking capability
Conducting losses: 1 diode +1 IGBT T1
D2

32
 Bi Directional Switch
UPC

Reverse Blocking IGBT, RBIGBT

T2
Two reverse blocking IGBTs
Lower conducting losses: one switching device
Still under research T1
Switch control will remain the same

SUMMARY Isolated Power Conducting

IGBTs Diodes
Supplies Devices
Diode bridge 9 36 9 3
Common Emitter 18 18 9 2
Common Collector 18 18 6 2

33

Bi Directional Switch Device Packaging

UPC

Dynex 200 (A) Bi directional Module

From standard one leg conventional VSI
9 for a 3x3MC
Large Converters > 200 (A)
Common collector

D1
T2

T1
D2
Va Vb Vc

LOAD

34
 Bi Directional Switch Device Packaging
UPC

.announced the release of two bi-directional IGBT modules for use in matrix
converter power stages
Dynex Semiconductor is working closely with researchers at Nottingham
University. Through this collaboration and in response to commercial
requirements, Dynex has created the DIM400PBM17-A000 for use in a 60Hz to
400Hz fixed frequency converter and the GP200MBS12 for use in a high
efficiency brushless dc motor drive.
The DIM400PBM17-A000 module is a 400A 1700V bi-directional switch mounted
on a 140mm x 73mm metal matrix baseplate. Long-term reliability and enhanced
thermal performance are achieved through the use of aluminium nitride
substrates mounted on a metal matrix compound baseplate. The package has a
6 kV isolation rating

The DIM200MBS12-A000 module is a 200A 1200V bi-directional switch

mounted on a 106mm x 62mm copper baseplate. The package has a 4 kV
isolation rating

http://www.dynexsemi.com/corporate/news/items/20020514-prod-b.htm

35

Bi Directional Switch Device Packaging

UPC

SEMELAB 200 (A) Bi directional Module

3 for a 3x3MC
Large Converters

Va Vb Vc

LOAD

36
 Bi Directional Switch Device Packaging
UPC

A Matrix Converter IGBT Bi-Directional

switching module
A 360kVA (600V max line-line at up to 300A)
matrix converter module designed by Semelab.
IGBT Packaging Available in 300V to 1800V
Aerospace
Customised to fit your needs.
Good CTE match, from Silicon to the metal
matrix base plate.
Excellent reliability module, temp cycling,
humidity tested, elevated pressure.
Low power losses.
Plastic package / Hermitic packaging
Power connection,
Mounting holes
Void free die attach, X-ray capability.

http://www.semelab.co.uk/power/

37

Full Matrix Converter Device Packaging

UPC

EUPEC 35A Matrix Converter Module

1 for a 3x3MC
Small Powers Converters. 7.5 kW

Va Vb Vc

LOAD

38
 Full Matrix Converter Device Packaging
UPC

39

Full Matrix Converter Device Packaging

UPC

Fuji Electric Device Technology Co.,Ltd.

1 for a 3x3MC
Four options (Price 390 Nov 2009) :
1200V 50A 1200V 100A
600V 100A 600V 200A

40
 Full Matrix Converter Device Packaging
UPC

600V 200A

1200V 100A

1200V 50A

600V 100A

41

Commutation
UPC

Current commutation
Needs the sign of the output current per phase
Add two anti parallel diodes and measure its voltage drops
D5
D1
VA T2
Va

T1
D2
D6

Measure the device voltage drops

D1 D1
T2 T2

T1 T1
D2 D2

Most widely used

Voltage commutation
Needs the input voltage values per phase

42
 4 Step Current Commutation
UPC
D1
VA T2

T1
No short circuits at the input D2
Va
No open circuit at the output
(inductive loads) VB
D3
T4

T3
D4

t d1 tc t d2 t d1 tc t d2

T2 T2

T3 T3

T1 T1
tf tr
T4 T4

Va ideal Va ideal

Va real VA VB
Va real

VA VB VB VA
Ia >0

VA > V B 43

4 Step Current Commutation

UPC
D1
VA T2

T1
D2
Va

D3
VB
T4

T3
D4
t d1 tc t d2 t d1 tc t d2

T2 T2

T3 T3

T1 T1

T4 T4
tr tf

Va ideal Va ideal

Va real VA VB Va real

VA VB VB VA
Ia <0

VA > V B 44
 4 Step Current Commutation
UPC

Matrix Converter
EUPEC FM35R12KE3ENG module
Switching device 1200V, 35 A, IGBT
td1 / tc / td2 1 / 0.2 / 0.5 s
tf / tr 65-90 ns / 30-45 ns
Power 7.5 kW
AC Input voltage 3 x 415V
Input filter (L/C) values 1mH / 1.5F

45

Input Filter
UPC

2nd Order Input L-C filter

Typical cut off frequency 1-3 kHz
between the fundamental 50Hz
and the PWM frequency 10-20 kHz
R in parallel with L in order to have an adequate damping
L impedance at 50Hz should be negligible
2*pi*f*L = 2*3.14*50*10-3 = 0.314 ohms

VA

Matrix Converter VB

EUPEC FM35R12KE3ENG module

VC
Switching device 1200V, 35 A, IGBT
Power 7.5 kW
AC Input voltage 3 x 415V
Input filter (L/C) values 1mH / 1.5F Va Vb Vc

LOAD

46
 Clamp circuit
UPC

Diode bridge like a standard rectifier

Protection against
open circuits with inductive currents
over voltage caused by transients in power up and voltage sags

VA

VB

VC

Va Vb Vc

LOAD

47

MC Output Voltage vectors

UPC

3

Space Vector Concept: U o t 2 U a t U b t e j
2
3
U c t e j
4
3

Ua=A cos (30) State +1
Ub=B cos (-90) Ua=UA Ub=UB Uc=UB
Uc=B cos (-90)

Ua=A cos(0)
Ub=B cos(-120)
Uc=B cos(-120)

Ua=A cos(-30)
Ub=B cos(-150)
Uc=B cos(-150)

48
 MC Output Voltage vectors
UPC

input voltages ( V )
Variable
amplitude

Same angle

49

MC Input Current vectors

UPC

j 2

Space Vector Concept: ii t 2 3 i A t i B t e 3 iC t e 3
j 4

B State +1
iA = ia iB=ib+ic iC=0
A a

b c a

a -30
cos(30) = sqr(3)/2
2/32cos(30) = 2/sqr(3)

Amplitude dependant on the load

Same angle
50
 MC Output Voltage & Input Current vectors
UPC

abc Vo o ii i abc Vo o ii i
+1 ABB 2/3UAB 0 2/sqr(3) ia 11/6 -1 BAA -2/3UAB 0 -2/sqr(3) ia 11/6
+2 BCC 2/3UBC 0 2/sqr(3) ia /2 -2 CBB -2/3UBC 0 -2/sqr(3) ia /2
+3 CAA 2/3UCA 0 2/sqr(3) ia /6 -3 ACC -2/3UCA 0 -2/sqr(3) ia /6
+4 BAB 2/3UAB 2/3 2/sqr(3) ib 11/6 -4 ABA -2/3UAB 2/3 -2/sqr(3) ib 11/6
+5 CBC 2/3UBC 2/3 2/sqr(3) ib /2 -5 BCB -2/3UBC 2/3 -2/sqr(3) ib /2
+6 ACA 2/3UCA 2/3 2/sqr(3) ib /6 -6 CAC -2/3UCA 2/3 -2/sqr(3) ib /6
+7 BBA 2/3UAB 4/3 2/sqr(3) ic /6 -7 AAB -2/3UAB 4/3 -2/sqr(3) ic /6
+8 CCB 2/3UBC 4/3 2/sqr(3) ic /2 -8 BBC -2/3UBC 4/3 -2/sqr(3) ic /2
+9 AAC 2/3UCA 4/3 2/sqr(3) ic /6 -9 CCA -2/3UCA 4/3 -2/sqr(3) ic /6
+R1 ABC U [U] io MAX [io MAX] -R1 ACB U [- U] io MAX [-io MAX]
+R2 CAB U [U +2/3] io MAX [io MAX+2/3] -R2 BAC U [- U +2/3] io MAX [-io MAX+2/3]
+R3 BCA U [U +4/3] io MAX [io MAX+4/3] -R3 CBA U [- U +4/3] io MAX [-io MAX+4/3]
0A AAA 0 . 0 .
0B BBB 0 . 0 . Where, U equals to 2/3cos(30) L
0C CCC 0 . 0 .

27 vectors: 18 constant in direction + 3 nulls + 6 rotating

51

MC Output Voltage & Input Current vectors

UPC
4, 5, 6 7, 8, 9

Kv=2
vo
vo
~
0
Kv=3

1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3
vo
Kv=4 Kv=6 2, 5, 8

Kv=5
1, 4, 7 Ki=2
Ki=3 3, 6, 9
7, 8, 9 4, 5, 6
ii
ii
~
Ki=4 0

ii

Ki=6
Ki=5 1, 4, 7
3, 6, 9

2, 5, 8
52
 Modulation
UPC

PWM Modulation technique is applied in order to:

follow a reference at the output, which on average will be a
sinusoidal
get sinusoidal input currents on phase with the input voltage
(power factor 1)
Several modulation techniques:
Venturini, Scalar
Direct & Indirect Space Vector Modulation
Based on the Space Vector Modulation for Standard PWM
Inverters
There are two references:
Output voltage vector
Input current angle

53

Direct Space Vector Modulation

UPC

Kv=2 Reference 1
vo
vo
~0 Output voltage vector:
Kv=3
v0
The voltage reference
vo vector will be synthesized
Kv=4 using adjacent vectors :
Kv=6 ' ''
v0 v v 0 0

Kv=5

54
 Direct Space Vector Modulation
UPC

Reference 2
Ki=2
Input current angle:
Ki=3 vi ~
i
ii 0
~
ii where usually: i 0
Ki=4 0
The input current angle will
be obtained distributing the
ii load current among
adjacent vectors in the right
Ki=6 proportions:
Ki=5
' ''
ii i i
i i

55

Direct Space Vector Modulation

UPC

Reference 1, output voltage vector:

' ''
v0 v v
0 0 ~0

y v0 cos
'
v0 cos ~0
6 6 6
3
v0' v0 cos ~0
2 3

2 2 ~0
v0' v0 cos ~0 v0 cos ~0 6 6

3 3 3 3 0 ~0
6

' 2 ~ j K v 1 3 3
v0 v0 cos 0 e
3 3
56
 Direct Space Vector Modulation
UPC

' ''
v0 v v 0 0

~0

x v0'' cos v0 cos ~0
6 6 6
3
v0'' v0 cos ~0
2 3

2 ~0
v ''
0 v0 cos ~0 6 6
3 3
0 ~0
6
'' 2 ~ j K v 1 3
v0 v0 cos 0 e
3 3

57

Direct Space Vector Modulation

UPC
4, 5, 6 7, 8, 9 2, 5, 8

Kv=2
vo 1, 4, 7 Ki=2
vo Ki=3 3, 6, 9
~0
Kv=3 ii
ii
~
1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 Ki=4 0
vo
Kv=4 Kv=6 ii

Ki=6
Kv=5 Ki=5 1, 4, 7
3, 6, 9
7, 8, 9 4, 5, 6
UAC UBA UCA UCB UAB
2, 5, 8
UBC

UA UB UC What vectors can be used?

Maximum input voltages at Ki=1 : UAB, UAC.
Common vectors For Kv=1 & Ki=1:
1 ( 2/3 UAB) 3 ( 2/3 UCA)
7 ( 2/3 UAB) 9 ( 2/3 UCA)
Using just 2 vectors, both references can not
input sector 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 be fulfilled => 4 active vectors will be used
58
 Direct Space Vector Modulation
UPC

voII II ' ''

o
o
vo v0 v0 v0
~0
y ' I II
vo voI I
v 0 v o I v o II
' III IV
v 0 v o III v o IV
x voIII III voIV IV
o

' 2 ~ j K v 1 3 3 I II
v0 v0 cos 0 e v o v o II
I

3 3

'' 2 ~ j K v 1 3 III IV
v0 v0 cos 0 e v o v o IV
III

3 3

59

Direct Space Vector Modulation

UPC

Reference 2, input current angle

' ''
i
ii ii i ii i
ii
~ ' I III
i i i
~
i i i i I i i III
ii iiIII III
' II IV
iiII II iiI I i i i i II i i IV
iiIV IV

i iI I i iII II je j~i e j K i 1 3 0



i iIII III i iIV IV je j~i e j K i 1 3 0


60
 Direct Space Vector Modulation
UPC

2 j K v 1 3 3
v0 cos ~0 e
I II
v0' v o I v o II
3 3

'' 2 ~ j K v 1 3 III IV
v0 v0 cos 0 e v o III v o IV
3 3

i iI I i iII II je j~i e j K i 1 3 0



i iIII III i iIV IV je j~i e j K i 1 3 0 ~
cos ~0 cos i
2 vo 3 3
I 1K v K i 1

3 vi cos i
~
cos ~0 cos i
2 vo 3 3
Solving the 4 equations, the II 1K v Ki

3 vi cos i
four duty cycles are found
~
The remaining duty is for cos ~0 cos i
2 vo 3 3
the zero vectors III 1K v Ki

3 vi cos i
0 1 I II III IV ~
cos ~0 cos i
2 vo 3 3
IV 1K v K i 1

3 vi cos i

61

Indirect Space Vector Modulation

UPC

Rectification stage Inversion stage

Ref. input Ref. output

current voltage

d mI sin *in d mI sin *in
d mU sin *out
d mU sin *out
3 3
To obtain a correct balance of the input currents and the output voltages,
the modulation pattern should be a combination of all 4 duty-cycles
d d d d d d d d d d d d
And the zero vector is calculated as follows
d 0 1 d d d d
62
The typical modulation pattern is as shown in next slide
 Modulation switching pattern
UPC

63

Modulation switching pattern

UPC

64
 Modulation switching pattern
UPC

600 UAC UBC UBA UCA UCB UAB

400

UA UB UC
200

- 200

- 400

input
sector 1 2 3 4 5 6 1

65

Modulation switching pattern

UPC
Input sector 1. Input angle +30 Output sector 1. Output angle +30
UC UA UA UB UB UA UA UC

U C -3 +9 UA -7 +1 UB UB +1 -7 UA +9 -3 UC
O3 /2 1 /2 3 /2 O1 /2 2 /2 4 /2 O2 /2 O2 /2 4 /2 2 /2 O1 /2 3 /2 1 /2 O3 /2

0.87
U aN
-0.87
0.87
U bN
-0.87
0.87
U cN
-0.87

0.87
1/30.87
-1/30.87 U Nn
-2/30.87
-0.87
4/30.87
2/30.87
1/30.87 U an
2/30.87
1/30.87
-1/30.87
U bn
-2/30.87
-1/30.87 U cn
-2/30.87
-4/30.87

66
 Matrix Converter linearization
UPC

Matrix Converter linearization

General scheme
VA D1
VA T2

VB
T1
D2
VC Va

+ D3

I VB
T4

V
Va Vb Vc T3

- LOAD
D4

Voltage Drop effect Ii

D1
VA T2
Va

T1
VDi
D2

67

Matrix Converter linearization

UPC

Matrix Converter linearization

D1
VA T2 Four step commutation
T1 (td1 + tc + td2 = 1s+0.2s+0.5s)
D2
Va
t d1 tc t d2 t d1 tc t d2

D3
VB T2 T2
T4

T3
T3 T3
D4
T1 T1
tf tr
T4 T4

Va ideal Va ideal

Va real VA VB
Va real

VA VB VB VA
Ia >0

VA > V B
Voltage Edge Uncertainty effect

68
 Matrix Converter linearization
UPC

Matrix Converter linearization

I
Model for Voltage Edge Uncertainty effect
SVM
SECTOR 1 +VEU
VC VA VA VB
= VB VA VA VC

VC VA VB VB VA VC -VEU V
O3/2 1/2 3/2 O1/2 2/2 4/2 O2/2 O2/2 4/2 2/2 O1/2 3/2 1/2 O3/2

Va ideal

t d1 + t r t d1 + t c + t f t d1 + t r t d1 + t c + t f
Ia >0

Va real

Vb ideal

t d1 + t c + t f t d1 + t r t d1 + t c + t f t d1 + t r
Ib <0

Vb real

V c ideal

t d1 + t c + t f t d1 + t r t d1 + t c + t f t d1 + t r
Ic <0

V c real

TPWM

69

Matrix Converter linearization

UPC

DUAL COMPENSATION

Voltage Drop effect

I
Dual Compensation

V I
input: phase
current

Voltage Edge Uncertainty effect + Ic +V EU

I
-V EU
-Ic V
+VEU output:
compensating
phase voltage

-VEU V

70
 Matrix Converter linearization
UPC

Dual Compensation in Matrix Converters FOC Scheme Grid

Ia VA
8
Ib Dual VB
6 Ic Compensation VC
4
Vdcomp Vdcomp Vdcomp
a b c
LC filter
2 3/2
Va, Vb, Vc (V)

Vdcomp Vdcomp Ia
0
Id* + d-axis current +
V +
-2
controller dq Ib
-
Matrix
V + SVM PMSM
-4
Iq* + q-axis current + Converter
Ic
-6 controller
-

-8
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
time (s) 3
dq 2
0.1

10 0.1
0
8

6
0
Id (A)

-0.1 4
Va, Vb, Vc (V)

Id (A)
0 -0.1
-0.2
-2

-4
-0.2
-0.3 -6
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
time (s)
-8

-10 -0.3
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
time (s) time (s)

71

Summary
UPC

Matrix Converter topology

9 Bidirectional switch
4 step commutation
Space Vector Modulation
Input Filter
Clamp Circuit
Matrix Converter linearization
Advantages of Matrix Converters:
Size. Compactness.
Sinusoidal input/output
Hostile environments
4 quadrant

Applications
72