Skeletal Muscle Tissue & Muscle Organization

Chapter 9
The Muscular
System
Skeletal Muscle
Tissue and Muscle
Organization
Lecture Presentation by
Steven Bassett
Southeast Community College
2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Introduction
Humans rely on muscles for:

Many of our physiological processes
Virtually all our dynamic interactions with the
environment
Skeletal muscles consist of:
Elongated cells called fibers (muscle fibers)
These fibers contract along their longitudinal axis

Introduction
There are three types of muscle tissue

Skeletal muscle
Pulls on skeletal bones
Voluntary contraction
Cardiac muscle
Pushes blood through arteries and veins
Rhythmic contractions
Smooth muscle
Pushes fluids and solids along the digestive tract,
for example
Involuntary contraction

Introduction
Muscle tissues share four basic properties

Excitability
The ability to respond to stimuli
Contractility
The ability to shorten and exert a pull or tension
Extensibility
The ability to continue to contract over a range of
resting lengths
Elasticity
The ability to rebound toward its original length

Functions of Skeletal Muscles
Skeletal muscles perform the following functions:

Produce skeletal movement
Pull on tendons to move the bones
Maintain posture and body position
Stabilize the joints to aid in posture
Support soft tissue
Support the weight of the visceral organs

Functions of Skeletal Muscles
Skeletal muscles perform the following

functions (continued):
Regulate entering and exiting of material
Voluntary control over swallowing, defecation, and
urination
Maintain body temperature
Some of the energy used for contraction is
converted to heat

Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
Gross anatomy is the study of:

Overall organization of muscles
Connective tissue associated with muscles
Nerves associated with muscles
Blood vessels associated with muscles
Microscopic anatomy is the study of:
Myofibrils
Myofilaments
Sarcomeres

Gross Anatomy
Connective tissue of muscle
Epimysium: dense tissue that surrounds the entire
muscle
Perimysium: dense tissue that divides the muscle
into parallel compartments of fascicles
Endomysium: dense tissue that surrounds
individual muscle fibers

Figure 9.1 Structural Organization of Skeletal Muscle
Epimysium Nerve
Muscle fascicle Muscle fibers
Endomysium
Blood vessels
Perimysium
SKELETAL MUSCLE
(organ)
Perimysium
Muscle fiber
Endomysium
Epimysium
Blood vessels
and nerves MUSCLE FASCICLE
(bundle of cells)
Capillary
Mitochondria
Endomysium Endomysium
Sarcolemma
Myosatellite
Tendon cell
Myofibril
Perimysium Axon
Sarcoplasm Nucleus
MUSCLE FIBER
(cell)

Connective Tissue of Muscle

Tendons and aponeuroses
Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium
converge to form tendons
Tendons connect a muscle to a bone
Aponeuroses connect a muscle to a muscle

Gross Anatomy
Nerves and blood vessels
Nerves innervate the muscle by penetrating the
epimysium
There is a chemical communication between a
nerve and a muscle
The chemical is released into the neuromuscular
synapse (neuromuscular junction)

Figure 9.2 Skeletal Muscle Innervation
Neuromuscular
synapse
Skeletal
muscle
fiber
Axon
Nerve
LM x 230 SEM x 400
a A neuromuscular synapse as seen b Colorized SEM of a neuromuscular

on a muscle fiber of this fascicle synapse

Gross Anatomy
Nerves and blood vessels (continued)
Blood vessels often parallel the nerves that
innervate the muscle
They then branch to form coiled networks to
accommodate flexion and extension of the muscle

Microanatomy of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Sarcolemma
Membrane that surrounds the muscle cell
Sarcoplasm
The cytosol of the muscle cell
Muscle fiber (same thing as a muscle cell)
Can be 3040 cm in length
Multinucleate (each muscle cell has hundreds of
nuclei)
Nuclei are located just deep to the sarcolemma

Figure 9.3ab The Formation and Structure of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Muscle fibers develop

through the fusion of
mesodermal cells
Myoblasts called myoblasts.
a Development of a
skeletal muscle fiber.
Myosatellite cell
Nuclei
Immature
muscle fiber
b External appearance
and histological view.

Myofibrils and Myofilaments

The sarcoplasm contains myofibrils
Myofibrils are responsible for the contraction of
muscles
Myofibrils are attached to the sarcolemma at each
end of the muscle cell
Surrounding each myofibril is the sarcoplasmic
reticulum

Myofibrils and Myofilaments

Myofibrils are made of myofilaments
Actin
Thin protein filaments
Myosin
Thick protein filaments

Figure 9.3b-d The Formation and Structure of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber
b External appearance
and histological view.
Myofibril
Sarcolemma Nuclei
c The external organization Sarcoplasm MUSCLE FIBER

of a muscle fiber.
Mitochondria
Terminal cisterna
Sarcolemma
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasm
Myofibril
Myofibrils
Thin filament
Thick filament
Triad Sarcoplasmic T tubules

d Internal organization of a muscle fiber. reticulum
Note the relationships among myofibrils,
sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria,
triads, and thick and thin filaments.
Sarcomere Organization
Myosin (thick filament)
Actin (thin filament)
Both are arranged in repeating units called
sarcomeres
All the myofilaments are arranged parallel to the
long axis of the cell

Sarcomere
Main functioning unit of muscle fibers
Approximately 10,000 per myofibril
Consists of overlapping actin and myosin
This overlapping creates the striations that give the
skeletal muscle its identifiable characteristic

Each sarcomere consists of:
Z line (Z disc)
I band
A band (overlapping A bands create striations)
H band
M line

Figure 9.4b Sarcomere Structure
I band A band
H band Z line Titin
Zone of overlap M line Thin Thick

filament filament
Sarcomere
I band A band
H band Z line
Z line M line TEM x 64,000

Zone of overlap
b A corresponding view of a sarcomere in a myofibril in Sarcomere
the gastrocnemius muscle of the calf and a diagram
showing the various components of this sarcomere

Skeletal muscles consist of muscle fascicles
Muscle fascicles consist of muscle fibers
Muscle fibers consist of myofibrils
Myofibrils consist of sarcomeres
Sarcomeres consist of myofilaments
Myofilaments are made of actin and myosin

Figure 9.5 Levels of Functional Organization in a Skeletal Muscle Fiber
SKELETAL MUSCLE
Surrounded by:
Epimysium
Contains:
Muscle fascicles
MUSCLE FASCICLE
Surrounded by:
Perimysium
Contains:
Muscle fibers
MUSCLE FIBER
Surrounded by:
Endomysium
Contains:
Myofibrils
MYOFIBRIL
Surrounded by:
Sarcoplasmic
reticulum
Consists of:
Sarcomeres
(Z line to Z line)
SARCOMERE
I band A band
Contains:
Thick filaments
Thin filaments
Z line M line Titin Z line

H band

Thin Filaments (Actin)

Consists of:
Twisted filaments of :
F actin strands
G actin globular molecules
G actin molecules consist of an active site (binding
site)
Tropomyosin: A protein that covers the binding
sites when the muscle is relaxed
Troponin: Holds tropomyosin in position

Figure 9.6ab Thin and Thick Filaments
Actinin Z line Titin
a The attachment
Sarcomere
of thin filaments
to the Z line
H band
Troponin Active site Nebulin Tropomyosin G actin molecules
F actin
strand
Myofibril
b The detailed structure of a thin filament showing
the organization of G actin, troponin, and
tropomyosin
M line
Z line

Thick Filaments (Myosin)

Myosin filaments consist of an elongated tail and a
globular head (cross-bridges)
Myosin is a stationary molecule. It is held in place
by:
Protein forming the M line
A core of titin connecting to the Z lines
Myosin heads project toward the actin filaments

Figure 9.6cd Thin and Thick Filaments
Sarcomere
H band
Myofibril
M line
Z line
Titin
c The structure of
Myosin
thick filaments M line head
Myosin tail Hinge
d A single myosin molecule detailing the structure and

movement of the myosin head after cross-bridge
binding occurs

Muscle Contraction
A contracting muscle shortens in length

Contraction is caused by interactions between
thick and thin filaments within the sarcomere
Contraction is triggered by the presence of
calcium ions
Muscle contraction requires the presence of ATP
When a muscle contracts, actin filaments slide
toward each other
This sliding action is called the sliding filament
theory

Muscle Contraction
The Sliding Filament Theory

Upon contraction:
The H band and I band get smaller
The zone of overlap gets larger
The Z lines move closer together
The width of the A band remains constant
throughout the contraction

Figure 9.7 Sliding Filament Theory (1 of 11)
Resting Sarcomere Contracted Sarcomere

A resting sarcomere showing the locations of the After repeated cycles of bind, pivot, detach, and reactivate
I band, A band, H band, M, and Z lines. the entire muscle completes its contraction.
I band A band M line
Contracted myofibril
I band A band M line
Z line H band Z line
Resting myofibril
Z line H band Z line
In a contracting sarcomere the A band stays the same width,

but the Z lines move closer together and the H band and the
I bands get smaller

Muscle Contraction
The Neural Control of Muscle Fiber Contraction

An impulse travels down the axon of a nerve
Acetylcholine is released from the end of the
axon into the neuromuscular synapse
This ultimately causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum
to release its stored calcium ions
This begins the actual contraction of the muscle

Figure 9.8 The Neuromuscular Synapse
Arriving action
potential Synaptic
Synaptic vesicles
cleft
ACh
ACh receptor
site
Sarcolemma of Motor
motor end plate neuron
AChE molecules
Glial cell Axon Path of action
Junctional fold potential
Synaptic
b Detailed view of a terminal, synaptic cleft, terminal
and motor end plate. See also Figure 9.2.
Muscle Fiber
Myofibril
Motor end plate
Myofibril
Sarcolemma
Mitochondrion
a A diagrammatic view of a
neuromuscular synapse.

Muscle Contraction
Muscle Contraction: A Summary

The nerve impulse ultimately causes the release
of a neurotransmitter (ACh), which comes in
contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum
This neurotransmitter causes the sarcoplasmic
reticulum to release its stored calcium ions
Calcium ions bind to troponin

1 Contraction Cycle Begins

The contraction cycle involves a series of Ca2+
interrelated steps. The cycle begins with
electrical events in the sarcolemma that
Actin
trigger the release of calcium from the
terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic
reticulum (SR). These calcium ions enter
the zone of overlap.
2 Active-Site Exposure Ca2+

Tropomyosin
Calcium ions bind to troponin in the
troponin tropomyosin complex. The
tropomyosin molecule then rolls away
Active
from the active sites on the actin site
molecules of the thin filaments.

Muscle Contraction
Muscle Contraction: A Summary (continued)

The bound calcium ions cause the tropomyosin
molecule to roll so that it exposes the active sites
on actin
The myosin heads now extend and bind to the
exposed active sites on actin
Once the myosin heads bind to the active sites,
they pivot in the direction of the M line

3 Cross-Bridge Formation Myosin head

Cross-bridge
Once the active sites are exposed, the
myosin heads of adjacent thick
filaments bind to them, forming
cross-bridges.
4 Myosin Head Pivoting

After cross-bridge formation, energy is
released as the myosin heads pivot
toward the M line.

Muscle Contraction

Upon pivoting of the myosin heads, the actin
filament slides toward the M line
ATP binds to the myosin heads causing them to
release their attachment and return to their original
position to start over again

5 Cross-Bridge Detachment
ATP
ATP then binds to the myosin heads,
breaking the cross-bridges between the
myosin heads and the actin molecules.
ATP
6 Myosin Reactivation
ATP provides the energy to reactivate
the myosin heads and return them to
their original positions. Now the entire
cycle can be repeated as long as
calcium ion concentrations remain
elevated and ATP reserves are
sufficient.

Muscle Contraction

Upon contraction:
I bands get smaller
H bands get smaller
Z lines get closer together

Figure 9.7 Sliding Filament Theory

Figure 9.9 The Events in Muscle Contraction
STEPS IN INITIATING MUSCLE CONTRACTION STEPS IN MUSCLE RELAXATION
Synaptic Motor
terminal end plate T tubule Sarcolemma
2 Action
1 ACh released, binding potential 6 ACh removed by AChE
to receptors reaches
T tubule
3 Sarcoplasmic 7 Sarcoplasmic
reticulum reticulum
releases Ca2+ recaptures Ca2+
Ca2+
4 Active-site
Actin 8 Active sites
exposure,
cross-bridge covered, no
formation Myosin cross-bridge
interaction
9 Contraction
ends
5 Contraction
begins
10 Relaxation occurs,
passive return to
resting length

Motor Units and Muscle Control
Motor Units (Motor Neurons Controlling Muscle

Fibers)
Precise control
A motor neuron controlling two or three muscle
fibers
Example: the control over the eye muscles
Less precise control
A motor neuron controlling perhaps 2000 muscle
fibers
Example: the control over the leg muscles

Figure 9.10 The Arrangement of Motor Units in a Skeletal Muscle
Axons of
motor neurons
Motor
nerve
Muscle fibers

Muscle tension depends on:

The frequency of stimulation
A typical example is a muscle twitch
The number of motor units involved
Complete contraction or no contraction at all (all or
none principle)
The amount of force of contraction depends on the
number of motor units activated

Muscle Tone
The tension of a muscle when it is relaxed
Stabilizes the position of bones and joints
Example: the amount of muscle involvement that
results in normal body posture
Muscle Spindles
These are specialized muscle cells that are
monitored by sensory nerves to control muscle
tone

Muscle Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the muscle
Exercise causes:
An increase in the number of mitochondria
An increase in the activity of muscle spindles
An increase in the concentration of glycolytic
enzymes
An increase in the glycogen reserves
An increase in the number of myofibrils
The net effect is an enlargement of the muscle

Muscle Atrophy
Discontinued use of a muscle
Disuse causes:
A decrease in muscle size
A decrease in muscle tone
Physical therapy helps to reduce the effects
of atrophy

Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Three Major Types of Muscle Fibers

Fast fibers (white fibers)
Associated with eye muscles (fast contractions)
Intermediate fibers (pink fibers)
Slow fibers (red fibers)
Associated with leg muscles (slow contractions)

Figure 9.11a Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Slow fibers
Smaller diameter,
darker color due to
myoglobin; fatigue
resistant
LM x 170
Fast fibers
Larger diameter,
paler color;
easily fatigued
LM x 170
a Note the difference in the size of

slow muscle fibers (above) and
fast muscle fibers (below).
Features of Fast Fibers

Large in diameter
Large glycogen reserves
Relatively few mitochondria
Muscles contract using anaerobic metabolism
Fatigue easily
Can contract in 0.01 second or less after
stimulation
Produce powerful contractions

Features of Slow Fibers

Half the diameter of fast fibers
Take three times longer to contract after
stimulation
Can contract for extended periods of time
Contain abundant myoglobin (creates the red
color)
Muscles contract using aerobic metabolism
Have a large network of capillaries

Features of Intermediate Fibers

Similar to fast fibers
Have low myoglobin content
Have high glycolytic enzyme concentration
Contract using anaerobic metabolism
Similar to slow fibers
Have lots of mitochondria
Have a greater capillary supply
Resist fatigue

Table 9.1 Properties of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types

Distribution of Fast, Slow, and Intermediate

Fibers
Fast fibers
High density associated with eye and hand
muscles
Sprinters have a high concentration of fast fibers
Repeated intense workouts increase the fast fibers

Distribution of Fast, Slow, and Intermediate

Fibers (continued)
Slow and intermediate fibers
None are associated with the eyes or hands
Found in high density in the back and leg muscles
Marathon runners have a high amount
Training for long distance running increases the
proportion of intermediate fibers

Organization of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Muscles can be classified based on shape or

by the arrangement of the fibers
Parallel muscle fibers
Convergent muscle fibers
Pennate muscle fibers
Unipennate muscle fibers
Bipennate muscle fibers
Multipennate muscle fibers
Circular muscle fibers

Parallel Muscle Fibers

Muscle fascicles are parallel to the longitudinal
axis
Examples: biceps brachii and rectus abdominis

Figure 9.12ab Skeletal Muscle Fiber Organization
Parallel Muscles
(h)
a Parallel muscle b Parallel muscle with
(d)
(Biceps brachii muscle) tendinous bands
(g) (Rectus abdominis
muscle)
(a)
(b)
(e)
(c)
(f) Fascicle
Body
(belly)
Cross section

Convergent Muscle Fibers

Muscle fibers form a broad area but come
together at a common point
Example: pectoralis major

Figure 9.12d Skeletal Muscle Fiber Organization
Convergent Muscles
(h)
(d) d Convergent muscle
(g) (Pectoralis muscles)
(a)
(b)
Tendon
(e)
(c) Base of
muscle
(f)
Cross
section

Pennate Muscle Fibers (Unipennate)

Muscle fibers form an oblique angle to the tendon
of the muscle
An example is unipennate
All the muscle fibers are on the same side of the
tendon
Example: extensor digitorum

Figure 9.12e Skeletal Muscle Fiber Organization
Pennate Muscles
(h)
e Unipennate
(d) muscle (Extensor
(g) digitorum muscle)
(a)
(b)
(e)
(c)
(f)
Extended
tendon

Pennate Muscle Fibers (Bipennate)

of the muscle
An example is bipennate
Muscle fibers are on both sides of the tendon
Example: rectus femoris

Figure 9.12f Skeletal Muscle Fiber Organization
Pennate Muscles
(h)
(d) f Bipennate
(g) muscle
(Rectus femoris
(a) muscle)
(b)
(e)
(c)
(f)

Pennate Muscle Fibers (Multipennate)

of the muscle
An example is multipennate
The tendon branches within the muscle
Example: deltoid muscle

Figure 9.12g Skeletal Muscle Fiber Organization
Pennate Muscles
(h)
(d) g Multipennate muscle
(g) (Deltoid muscle)
(a)
(b)
(e)
(c)
(f)
Tendons
Cross section

Circular Muscle Fibers

Muscle fibers form concentric rings
Also known as sphincter muscles
Examples: orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi

Figure 9.12h Skeletal Muscle Fiber Organization
Circular Muscles
(h)
(d) h Circular muscle
(g) (Orbicularis oris muscle)
(a)
(b)
(e)
Contracted
(c)
(f)
Relaxed

Muscle Terminology
Origins and Insertions

Origin
Point of muscle attachment that remains stationary
Insertion
Point of muscle attachment that is movable
Actions
The function of the muscle upon contraction

Muscle Terminology
There are two methods of describing

muscle actions
The first makes reference to the bone region the
muscle is associated with
The biceps brachii muscle causes flexion of the
forearm
The second makes reference to a specific joint the
muscle is associated with
The biceps brachii muscle causes flexion at the
elbow

Muscle Terminology
Muscles can be grouped according to

their primary actions into four types
Prime movers (agonists)
Responsible for producing a particular movement
Antagonists
Actions oppose the action of the agonist
Synergists
Assist the prime mover in performing an action
Fixators
Agonist and antagonist muscles contracting at the
same time to stabilize a joint

Muscle Terminology
Prime Movers example:

Biceps brachii flexes the lower arm
Antagonists example:
Triceps brachii extends the lower arm
Synergists example:
Latissimus dorsi and teres major contract to
move the arm medially over the posterior body
Fixators example:
Flexor and extensor muscles contract at the same
time to stabilize an outstretched hand

Muscle Terminology
Most muscle names provide clues to their

identification or location
Muscles can be named for:
Specific body regions or location
Shape of the muscle
Orientation of the muscle fibers
Specific or unusual features
Its origin and insertion points
Primary function
References to occupational or habitual action

Muscle Terminology
Examples of muscle names related to:

Specific body regions or locations
Brachialis: associated with the brachium of the
arm
Tibialis anterior: associated with the anterior tibia
Shape of the muscle
Trapezius: trapezoid shape
Deltoid: triangular shape

Muscle Terminology

Orientation of the muscle fibers
Rectus femoris: straight muscle of the leg
External oblique: muscle on outside that is
oriented with the fibers at an angle
Specific or unusual features
Biceps brachii: two origins
Teres major: long, big, rounded muscle

Muscle Terminology

Origin and insertion points
Sternocleidomastoid: points of attachment are
sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process
Genioglossus: points of attachment are chin and
tongue
Primary functions
Flexor carpi radialis: a muscle that is near the
radius and flexes the wrist
Adductor longus: a long muscle that adducts the
leg

Muscle Terminology

References to occupational or habitual actions
Buccinator (means trumpet player): the
buccinator area moves when playing a trumpet
Sartorius: derived from the Latin term (sartor),
which is in reference to tailors. Tailors used to
cross their legs to form a table when sewing
material

Levers and Pulleys: A Systems Design for
Movement
Most of the time, upon contraction, a muscle
causes action
This action is applied to a lever (a bone)
This lever moves on a fixed point called the
fulcrum (joint)
The action of the lever is opposed by a force
acting in the opposite direction

Movement
There are three classes of levers
First class, second class, third class
First class
The fulcrum (joint) lies between the applied force
and the resistance force (opposed force)
Example: tilting the head forward and backward

Figure 9.13 Levers and Pulleys (2 of 6)
First-Class Lever
In a first-class lever, the applied force and the
resistance are on opposite sides of the
fulcrum. This lever can change the amount of
force transmitted to the resistance and alter the
direction and speed of movement. There are
very few first-class levers in the human body.
AF
Resistance Fulcrum Applied force
R
F
AF
Movement
completed

Movement
Classes of Levers
Second class
The resistance is located between the applied force
and the fulcrum (joint)
Example: standing on your tiptoes

Second-Class Lever
In a second-class lever, the resistance lies
between the applied force and the fulcrum.
This arrangement
magnifies force at the
expense of distance
and speed; the direction
of movement remains
unchanged. There are
very few second-class AF
levers in the body.
AF
R
F
Movement
completed

Movement
Classes of Levers
Third class
The force is applied between the resistance and
fulcrum (joint)
Example: flexing the lower arm

Third-Class Lever
In a third-class lever, which is the most
common lever in the body, the applied force
is between the resistance and the fulcrum.
This arrangement increases speed and
distance moved but requires a larger
applied force.
AF
R
Movement
completed

Movement
Sometimes, a tendon may loop around a bony
projection
This bony projection could be called a pulley
Example: lateral malleolus and trochlea of the eye

The Lateral Malleolus

as an Anatomical Pulley
The lateral malleolus of the fibula is an
example of an anatomical pulley. The
tendon of insertion for the fibularis longus
Fibularis muscle does not follow a direct path.
longus Instead, it curves around the posterior
margin of the lateral malleolus of the
fibula. This redirection of the contractile
force is essential to the normal function
of the fibularis longus in producing
plantar flexion at the ankle.
Lateral
malleolus
Pulley
Plantar flexion of the foot

Pulley
Quadriceps muscles
The Patella as an Quadriceps tendon
Anatomical Patella
Pulley Patellar
The patella is another ligament
example of an anatomical
pulley. The quadriceps
femoris is a group of four
muscles that form the anterior musculature of the
thigh. These four muscles attach to the patella by the
quadriceps tendon. The patella is, in turn, attached to the
tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament. The quadriceps
femoris muscles produce extension at the knee by this
two-link system. The quadriceps tendon pulls on the
patella in one direction throughout the movement, but Extension
the direction of force applied to the tibia by the patellar of the leg
ligament changes constantly as the movement proceeds.

Aging and the Muscular System
Changes occur in muscles as we age

Skeletal muscle fibers become smaller in diameter
Due to a decrease in the number of myofibrils
Contain less glycogen reserves
Contain less myoglobin
All of the above results in a decrease in strength
and endurance
Muscles fatigue rapidly

Aging and the Muscular System
Changes occur in muscles as we age (continued)

There is a decrease in myosatellite cells
There is an increase in fibrous connective tissue
Due to the process of fibrosis
The ability to recover from muscular injuries
decreases

Skeletal Muscle Tissue &amp; Muscle Organization

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Skeletal Muscle Tissue &amp; Muscle Organization

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Chapter 9

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Humans rely on muscles for:

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There are three types of muscle tissue

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Muscle tissues share four basic properties

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Skeletal muscles perform the following functions:

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Skeletal muscles perform the following

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Gross anatomy is the study of:

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Connective Tissue of Muscle

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LM x 230 SEM x 400

a A neuromuscular synapse as seen b Colorized SEM of a neuromuscular

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Microanatomy of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

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Muscle fibers develop

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Myofibrils and Myofilaments

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Myofibrils and Myofilaments

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c The external organization Sarcoplasm MUSCLE FIBER

Triad Sarcoplasmic T tubules

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H band Z line Titin

Zone of overlap M line Thin Thick

Z line M line TEM x 64,000

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Z line M line Titin Z line

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Thin Filaments (Actin)

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Actinin Z line Titin

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Thick Filaments (Myosin)

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Myosin tail Hinge

d A single myosin molecule detailing the structure and

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A contracting muscle shortens in length

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The Sliding Filament Theory

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Resting Sarcomere Contracted Sarcomere

I band A band M line

I band A band M line

Z line H band Z line

In a contracting sarcomere the A band stays the same width,

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The Neural Control of Muscle Fiber Contraction

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Skeletal Muscle Tissue & Muscle Organization

Skeletal Muscle Tissue & Muscle Organization