JOURNAL VOLTAGE FLICKER EFFECT ON THE WORK INDUCTION

MOTOR

JOURNAL
VOLTAGE FLICKER EFFECT ON THE WORK INDUCTION
MOTOR
MECHANICAL SPEED + MORTOR INDUCTION
Abstract
Voltage Dips is one of the quality parameters of electricity so becoming costumer attention.
because it can bring adverse impact on the operation of the electrical installation.
Voltage flicker disturbance is one form of the disorder that is considered the most frequent
cause losses due to disruption of production processes in industry. Voltage flicker interference
is a problem which is effectively at the side of the installation user and supplier of power.
Interference voltage flicker very short time (0.1 seconds). In this study discussed the blink of
an induction motor voltage at speed, especially on the mechanics. This analysis was based on
the results of research on the research operation of induction motors.
Keywords: voltage flicker, voltage flicker disturbances, mechanical speed.

I. INTERODUCTION
1.1 Background
Power quality can affect the production of an industrial process that requires special
requirements on the quality of electric power, which is directly or indirectly a very prominent
regulator means to improve productivity, product quality, and competitiveness of production.
If the power quality does not meet expectations, and production operations can disturbed.
This is often a problem for the power companies and consumers.
Power companies are obliged to provide services and the supply of electricity with
good quality. Inaccuracy in the power purchase agreement between the electricity companies
and consumers are often raises difficult problems that completely resolved.
Consumers who feel harmed by the power quality which does not meet the
requirements of the machinery of production, appealed for their losses. The power company
can not accept complaints objection granted, because its bad either power quality can be
caused from two sides: the electric company or the consumer.
In general, if the quality of electric power comes from the power company, an attempt
to reach a solution is to provide quality supply that is expected, but these efforts are often not
met expectations, so in this case needs to be done by using Permanent Power Supply Systems
(UPS), which would require a significant financial cost.
One of the parameters of power quality is the quality of perceived stress in general
consumer terminated (Pakpahan., 2000), the quality of the expected electricity consumer are:

a. The minimum power supply Diskontuinitas

b. Voltage strict regulation

c. Harmonization of voltage as low as possible

d. Voltage fluctuations without effect voltage terminal.

 Disturbances in the transmission line or feeder adjacent to feeder that supplies
industrial installations can result in flicker voltage and phase imbalance resource system of
industrial installations. The interference burdens sensitive to disturbances in the installation
may be automatically regardless of the network, caused by the work of the automatic system
or existing protective equipment.
According to the journal IMPROVEMENT OF VOLTAGE QUALITY BY USING
DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER (DVR) Power distribution systems, ideally, should
provide electricity to customers continuously with voltage level and smooth sinusioda fixed
frequency. However, in practice there are many power system load is not linear, having a
significant effect on the quality of the power supply.
Due to this non-linear load, the waveform of the supply becomes purely sinusoidal. It
produces power quality problems. Besides the non-linear loads, multiple events on the system
(eg: capacitor switching, motor starting) or the presence of interference can also cause power
quality problems. Power quality issues are becoming increasingly important to consumers of
electric power at all levels of usage. Sensitive equipment and non-linear loads are now
becoming commonly used both in the industrial sector and the domestic environment.
therefore the awareness of power quality continue to grow in the use of electricity.
Disturbances in transmission or distribution line can cause voltage transients, sag or swell in
the system. Same thing on the heavy load conditions, a significant voltage drop can occur in
the system. Voltage sag can occur at any time with the amplitude range between 10-90% and
the duration of the half cycle of up to one minute. On the other side the increase in voltage
(swell), defined as the sudden rise in the value of the electrical voltage in the range of 110%
-180% amplitude with a duration of 10 ms to 1 minute. Sag and Swell can cause sensitive
equipment become fail to operate or stop. The impact could be the start of production
berhentiya to damage the equipment.
1.2 Problem Formulation
Voltage Dips and termination of the instantaneous power becomes the most important
issue of power quality can affect industrial and commercial customers in wide. event is usually
associated with disorders something to the power supply system. Termination can occur when
gagguan actually be at the customer supply circuit. Voltage Dips most of more common
because it can be associated with disturbances away from the customer. Voltage Dips is one
of the power quality parameters of concern to consumers, because it can bring harm to the
operation of the equipment electricity.
Voltage Dips, although the course of just a moment, but the impact can result in that
particular consumer disruption. the majority of consumers, especially consumers who use
equipment that is sensitive to voltage, this disorder can lead to the equipment does not
function normally or even stop altogether. Voltage-sensitive equipment, such as electronic
instrumentation, computers, electric motors, lighting can be disrupted due to low voltage
quality, one reason is the interference voltage flicker. Mansoor et al, (1997), suggests
disturbance and three-phase voltage flicker is relatively rare (usually less than 20%), but the
three-phase unexpected disruptions will result in the worst condition of stability (Das, 1990)
Voltage flicker analysis focuses on understanding the characteristics of voltage flicker,
information characteristics caused possibility that describes the voltage flicker sensitivity
load load in this case induction motor.
Based on the things that have been in the background described above, the
formulation of the problem in this study are:

1. What magnitude mechanical speed when the percentage magnitude of voltage flicker
enlarged.
2. how much power the mechanical speed if extended speech disorders.

1.3 The purpose of the study

Determine the magnitude of the mechanical speed during a pulsating voltage, both
when the disturbance and recovery time lasts. The magnitude of the voltage flicker to the
percentage of 40%, 60%, and 80% of the normal voltage motors and interference detection
0.2 and 0.8 seconds.

1.4 Theoritical review

There are several methods used to reduce sag and swell. The use of a custom Power devices (CPD)
is considered as the most efficient method. There are many types of CPD, among others, active power
filter / Active Power Filters (APF), the power storage system batteries / Battery Energy Storage
System (BESS), Distribution Static synchronous COMpensators (DSTATCOM), Capacitors Series /
Distribution Series Capacitors (DSC), Restorer voltage electric dynamic / dynamic Voltage Restorer
(DVR), Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) and others.
Each of CPD devices has advantages and limitations The type of equipment that are considered
most effective is the dynamic power supply voltage restorer (DVR). There are several reasons why the
DVR is preferred over other equipment. Some of these reasons are presented as follows. SVC devices
earlier than the DVR, but DVR is preferred because SVC does not have the ability to control the flow
of active power. Another reason is DVR cheaper than UPS.
UPS is not only expensive, but also requires intensive maintenance because the battery leak and has
a certain life span, so it must be replaced every five years. Other reasons are the DVR has a higher
capacity and cheaper than equipment smash. In addition, the size of the DVR smaller and cheaper
than the DSTATCOM.
Based these reasons, it is not surprising when the DVR is widely considered as an effective power
tool in mitigating voltage sag. In addition, besides compensating sag and swell, DVR also has
additional features such as harmonic filters and power factor correction. Compared to other devices,
DVRs provide the best economic solution for the size and capabilities.
According to the standard IEEE 1159-1995, IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric
Power Quality, the definition of sag is the decline in the value of the rms voltage or current at power
frequency for duration of 0.5 cycles (0,01detik) to 1 minute. And the range of changes from 0.1 to 0.9
pu at a price the amount of voltage or current rms. This led to the release (trip) equipment that is
sensitive to voltage changes.
Figure 1. Voltage Sag [9]
Figure 2 shows the type of voltage sags caused by disturbances of the phase to ground at another
feeder of the same substasion. Approximately 80% voltage sag will appear for three cycles to the
circuit breaker substasion able to decide fault current. Time termination time (clearing times) ranges
from 3-30 cycles depending on the type of major fault current and overcurrent protection.
Figure 2. Voltage Sag due to interference of the phase to ground [9]

II. THEORY
2.1 Mechanical speed
Figure 1.1 Speed motor mechanics to blink voltage 40%, duration 0.2 seconds
Mechanical speed of the motor in normal conditions is 77.75 rad / sec, but the
mechanical speed is decreased when the speed of voltage flicker disturbances. Speed down to
76.286 rad / sec. When the disorder is lost, then the mechanical speed of the motor back
riding until a normal condition within 0.685 seconds So be seen from these results that in the
event of disruption, decreased motor rotation, but when the conduction disturbance is lost, the
motor speed is not directly normal again , but require a recovery time so that the motor
rotates back at normal speed.
Figure 1.2 mechanical speed for voltage flicker disturbances 40%, duration of 0.8 seconds.
So it appears that if the interruption duration was extended from 0.2 seconds to 0.8
seconds, it will result in a decrease in the mechanical speed of the motor becomes larger.
Mechanical speed fell to 73.492 rad / sec to 0.8 sec duration of the interruption. Meanwhile
for a duration of 0.2 seconds, the disruption mechanical speed dropped to 76.286 rad / sec.
Figure 1.3-b Va voltage to the voltage flicker 60%, duration 0,8 detik

Figure 1.3, interference occurs at t = 10 seconds to 10.8 seconds, and the magnitude of
the voltage flicker magnitude is 1980 volts (60% of normal voltage), after the supply voltage is
normal again.

Figure 4.20 electromagnetic torque for 60% voltage flicker duration of 0.8 seconds
Figure 4.20 shows the characteristics of the electromagnetic torque to the pulsating
voltage of 60% with a duration of 0.8 seconds. At the time of normal conditions the
electromagnetic torque constant value of 0.79 x 104 Nm which occurs at t = 10 seconds, after
which the electromagnetic torque experienced loss. When the disturbance ends and normal
stress condition back, re-experiencing the electromagnetic torque peak torque at t = 10.8
seconds magnitude is 2,373 x 10 Nm, the recovery time for 0.595 seconds. It is seen that if
4

the duration of the interruption is extended from 0.2 to 0.8 seconds, while maintaining the
voltage flicker magnetude 60%, then the maximum amount of torque when the initial
disturbance is fixed, but when the interruption ends or when the initial recovery,
electromagnetic torque peak for interference duration greater than 0.8 seconds 0.2 seconds
duration disturbance is 2.12 x 10 4
Nm.

Figure 4.22. Mechanical speed for 60% voltage flicker duration of 0.8 seconds
Mechanical characteristics of the motor speed to 60% voltage flicker disturbances in
0.8 seconds duration are shown in Figure 4:22. Mechanical speed decreased speed at saan
disturbance occurs. The speed decreases until it reaches 72.026 rad / sec. After missing
disorders and the motor supply voltage returns to normal, the mechanical speed of the motor
back up and reach its normal condition within 0.501 seconds. So it is seen that by extending
the duration of the interruption of 0.2 seconds to 0.8 seconds, then decrease the mechanical
speed becomes larger.
Graph 4.25. Torque elektrimagnetik for 80% voltage flicker duration of 0.2 seconds

When normal conditions, the electromagnetic torque is constant 0,79x104Nm, but in

the event of voltage flicker at t = 10 seconds, the electromagnetic torque experienced
fluktusasi during the transition period. Teradi peak torque at the beginning of disorder is
1,542 x104Nm. After the voltage flicker disturbances ended, torque astray back ride to reach
1,738 x104Nm, and then declined to fluctuate to return to its normal state within 0.488 detij.
The results showed that the greater the voltage flicker presentasion magnetude of normal
voltage, the smaller the peak torque during the transition took place, both at the time of
interruption or at the time of recovery, it is shown from the results of the study as follows:
peak torque disturbance when each is -3.130 x104 Nm (40%); X104 Nm 2,105 (60%); x10
4 4 4

Nm and 1,542 (80%), while peak torque at the time of recovery is x10 Nm 2.24 (40%), 2,120
4

x104Nm (60%) and 1,738 x10 Nm (80%).

4
Figure 4:27 mechanical speed for voltage flicker 80%, duration 0.2 seconds
Characteristics mechanical speed at the time of interruption is shown in Figure 4:27
Disorders arising voltage flicker at t = 10 seconds resulted in mechanical speed decreases
until it reaches 77.3915 rad / sec. After the interruption ends, the speed slowly starting to
climb back up to its normal condition at the speed reached 77.75 rad / sec. The results of the
study showed that when the magnitude of the voltage flicker is enlarged, the mechanical
speed reduction becomes smaller, it is proved the following results: a decrease in the
maximum mechanical speed is, 76.286 rad / sec (40%), 76.916 rad / sec (60%) , and 7.395
rad / sec (80%) with large states megnetude presented a voltage flicker.

Percentage Voltage Dips Duration Disorders Duration Recovery Value amount

(%) (Seconds) (Sec) Maximum reduction
Description
Down
40 0,2 0,685 762,86 1,464
Mechanical speed (rad / sec) 0,8 0,737 73, 492 4,258
60 0,2 0,479 76,916 0,834
0,8 0,501 76,026 1,724
80 0,2 0,413 77,390 0,360
0,8 0,435 77,280 0,470

TABLE 2 The magnitude of the decline at the time of disturbance and recovery of mechanical
speed.
It should be noted that the peak value of the voltage recovery time is greater than at
the time of lengthening the duration of the interruption will only lead to increased
interference peak value of the electromagnetic torque at the beginning of the peak alone,
(when the interruption ends while the peak value occurring at the time of interruption remain,
as a result more cause long interruption occurs will the length of the recovery duration
required by the motor.

III. CONCLUSION
3.1. Conclusion
Voltage flicker disturbances will cause mechanical speed decreases until the
disturbance is over, after the mechanical speed of the ride back to normal condition is
reached. If the voltage flicker greater percentage (the smaller the voltage drop) then the
smaller the mechanical speed reduction, thereby further recovery duration Short. if extended
interruption duration, the greater the magnitude of the decline, as a result of extended
duration of recovery.

a. The mechanical speed dropped to 76.286 rad / sec, or the magnitude of the decline
1.464 rad / sec with a duration of 0.685 seconds recovery.

b. mechanical speed dropped to 73.494 rad / sec, or the magnitude of decrease in 4,258
rad / sec, with a duration of 0.737 seconds recovery.
 c. mechanical speed dropped to 76.916 rad / sec, or the magnitude of the decline 0.834
rad / sec, with a duration of 0.479 seconds recovery.

d. mechanical speed dropped to 76.026 rad / sec, or the magnitude of decrease in 1,724
rad / sec with a duration of 0.501 seconds recovery.

e. mechanical speed dropped to 77.390 rad / sec, or the magnitude of the decline 0.360
rad / sec with a duration of 0.413 seconds recovery.

f. mechanical speed dropped to 77.280 rad / sec, or the magnitude of decrease in 0,470
rad / sec with a duration of 435 seconds of recovery.

3.2 Suggestions
Today equipment control electric motors mostly use power electronics-based control
systems are very sensitive to changes in the amount of input. The existence of short duration
voltage flicker, will be felt by the control equipment, as a result, the control system becomes
disrupted and It is going to affect the performance of the motor. Additional compensation
equipment such as DVR, SCV, and so is designed to overcome the interference voltage
flicker is that if there is disruption of motor performance is no longer affected. This study has
shown that the presence of voltage flicker disturbances have caused fluctuating currents are,
therefore this research can be developed further by examining the effect of the use of
compensation DVR, SCV and so on to work when the induction motor voltage flicker
problems arise.

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