Below are the steps involved to both make a mutant gene and

incorporate it into the DNA of a human cell:

1. Chemically "cut" the gene you want to study from the DNA
strand

2. Attach target gene to a small, circular piece of

DNA.Together, this is called a plasmid, which serves as the
vehicle for transporting the gene.

3. Put the plasmid into an E. coli cell (or another type of

bacteria). As each E. coli cell divides, each new cell
contains a copy of the plasmid containing the gene.
4. Grow a lot of E. coli cells

5. Once your E. coli population has reached your desired

number of cells, break apart the E. Coli cells using a
chemical that dissolves the cell wall.
6. Filter the mixture of broken E. coli cells and collect only
the plasmids containing the gene.

7. Put the plasmids into human cells. The type of cell varies
depending on the research.

8. Over time, the plasmid will be incorporated into the host

cell DNA and the new gene will change the proteins
produced.
9. Observe physical changes between the cells with the
plasmid and those without.