New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology Chapter 15

Suggested answers to Exercise and Reading to learn p.1/3

Suggested answers to Exercise and Reading to

learn
(Note: The overseas examination boards bear no responsibility for the suggested answers
contained in this publication. Answers for HKCEE and HKALE questions are not available due
to copyright restrictions.)

Ch 15 Detecting the environment

Exercise
Multiple-choice questions (p. 15-38)
1 D 2 A 3 C
4 B 5 C 6 A
7 A 8 C 9 D

Short questions (p. 15-40)

10 a Pupil: the central shaded circle
Iris: the unshaded circle around the pupil 1m
b i Shading to show constricted pupil 1m
ii Constricted pupil allows less light entering the eye, 1m
therefore prevents the retina from damaging by bright light. 1m

11 a No rod cells at blind spot 1m

Greater distribution of rod cells at the edge 1m
b More rod cells and no / fewer cone cells present on the retina. 1m
Their rod cells are not mainly at periphery. 1m
Their rods cells have high sensitivity. 1m

12 a Red 1m
because only red cone cells are stimulated by the light of 650 nm. 1m
b This is because both the red cone cells and green cone cells are stimulated by the light
of 550 nm. 1m

13 a Towards light 1m
b No growth 1m
c Towards light 1m
d Towards light 1m
e Grows straight 1m

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14 a When the lift travels upward to 60th floor, the air pressure decreases. The pressure
inside the middle ear is now greater than that of the outside. 1m
The ear drum bulges outward. 1m
The ear drum cannot vibrate freely in response to sound waves, so the person cannot
hear clearly. 1m
b The middle ear is connected to the pharynx by the Eustachian tube. 1m
Bacteria in the throat can easily go to the middle ear and cause infection. 1m

Structured questions (p. 15-41)

15 HKCEE Human Biology 2003 I Q3a

16 HKCEE Biology 2007 I Q7a

17 HKCEE Biology 1998 I Q4a

18 HKCEE Biology 1999 I Q3b

19 HKCEE Biology 2002 I Q4a

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Essay (p. 15-43)

20 Humans: Any three from: 1m x 3
Light is detected by photoreceptors on the retina.
Cone cells are responsible for colour vision and rod cells are responsible for black and
white vision.
Once they are stimulated by light, they send nerve impulses along the optic nerve
to the visual centre at the cerebral cortex of the brain for interpretation.
Plants: Any three from: 1m x 3
Plants respond to light by means of plant hormone, auxin, produced at the tips of shoots and
roots.
Unilateral light makes auxin diffuse from the illuminated side to the shaded side.
Auxin promotes shoot growth, the shoot bends towards the illuminated side, i.e. positively
phototropic.
Auxin inhibits root growth, the root bends towards the shaded side, i.e. negatively
phototropic.
Significance: Any two from 1m x 2
Humans are able to see under light condition and dark condition
which enables them to escape from danger.
Plant shoots grow towards the light can obtain maximum amount of light for
photosynthesis.
Plant roots grow away from the light into the soil can increase the chance to obtain good
supply of water and minerals and to have better anchorage.
Communication 3m

Reading to learn (p. 15-44)

1 Rod cells and cone cells are differentiated cells 1m
that cannot undergo mitotic cell division. 1m

2 Electrodes in the implanted chip 1m

because they generate electrical impulses upon stimulation. 1m

3 More electrodes can generate more electrical impulses 1m

to carry more information of the image to the brain for interpretation. 1m

4 Any one from: 1m

It can only restore vision partially.
It requires surgical operation which may not suitable for all patients especially the elderly.
It may not be functional for the whole life of the patient.
(or other correct answer)
Oxford University Press 2009