FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, UiTM, Shah Alam

COURSE NAME: MECHANICAL DESIGN OF PROCESS EQUIPMENT /

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS
COURSE CODE: CPE 639

PROGRAM CODE: EH 241

CREDIT HOURS: 3

CONTACT HOURS: 4
TEXT BOOK USED

HIBBELER RC (2010), Mechanics of Materials. Prentice

Hall, New Jersey, 8th Edition

References:

1. Coulson JM, Richardson JF & Sinnot RK, Chemical Engineering, Vol 6.

Pergamon
2. Nash W (1999), Strength of Materials, Schaums Outline Series
3. Craig RR (2000), Mechanics of Materials, John Wiley & Sons
4. Riley WF, Sturges LD (1999), Mechanical of Materials, Wiley & Sons
5. ASME Documentation
6. ASME Standards and British Standards
 COURSE OBJECTIVES
Describe the structure of various types of
engineering materials
Demonstrate engineering calculations related
to the mechanical properties of materials
Evaluate the mechanical design of pressure
vessels and supports
 Some examples of process equipment in Chemical
engineering

Spherical storage tank Round with flat bottom storage tank

Piping systems
These structures need for sound engineering design to prevent
failure

- We need to study the materials of construction and on the

forces acting this structure

- In the case of deformable structure, the application of forces

causes the structure to be deformed

- Most steel structures are undeformable, and we do not want

the structure to fail while in service. We have to examine and
study all the forces acting internally and externally to the
structure
 Mechanics of material
Study the internal effect of stress and strain in a
solid body that is subjected to an external loading
Stress is associated with the strength of the
material from which the body is made
Strain is a measure of the deformation of the
body
For instance, it includes the study of the bodys
stability when a column is subjected to a
compressive loading
 Equilibrium of a Deformable Body
External loads surface forces and body
forces Surface forces are caused by the direct
contact of one body with the surface of
another. This force is distributed over the
area of contact between the bodies

Concentrated force when the surface

force exerted on the smaller area as
compared to total surface area of the
body

Linear distributed load the surface

loading is applied along a narrow strip of
a body.
The resultant force, FR is equivalent to the
area under the distributed loading curve,
and the resultant acts through the
centroid C or geometric center of this area
 Body forces is developed when one body
exerts a force on another body without direct
physical contact between the bodies.
Example: weight of the body
 Support reactions the surface forces that
develop at the supports or points of contact
between bodies.
 Support reactions (Contd)
General rule .if the support prevents
translation in a given direction, then a
force must be developed on the member
in that direction.
Likewise, if rotation is prevented, a couple
moment must be exerted on the member.
EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM

Structure in equilibrium, all forces and moments, external and internal

must be in equilibrium

Equation of equilibrium,

F = 0 represents the sum of all the forces acting on the body

M = 0 the sum of the moments of all the forces about any point
O either on or off the body
In 3 dimensional axis,

Fx = 0 , Fy = 0 , Fz = 0
 Mx = 0 , My = 0 and Mz = 0

For individual for forces and moment in an axis,

Fx = 0 Fy = 0

Mo = 0
In order to apply equation of equilibrium, complete specifications of all
the known and unknown forces that act on the body ---- by drawing
the bodys free-body diagram
Wg
Example 1 Wg

W1 W1

+ Fy = 0 ( all vertical forces, No horizontal forces

2W1 Wg = 0

W1 = Wg/2 KN
Example 2 Wg

40 30

X1 X2
W2 W1

Fy = 0, + : Wg = - W1 sin30 - W2 Sin40

Fx =0, + : W2 Cos 40 - W1 Cos 30 = 0

M = 0, + : W2sin40 (X1) W1Sin30 (X2) = 0

Example

Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the section at point C of the
beam shown in the diagram
 FBD =F

Distributed loading at C is found by proportion,

w 270
= w = 180 N m
6 9
Magnitude of the resultant of the distributed load,

F= 1
(180)(6) = 540 N
(6) = 2m from C
2
which acts 1
3
 540 N

MC
NC B
C
VC
2m 4m

Applying the equations of equilibrium we have

+ Fx = 0; NC = 0
N C = 0 (Ans)
+ Fy = 0; VC 540 = 0
VC = 540 (Ans)
+ M C = 0; M C 540(2 ) = 0
M C = 1080 N m (Ans)
 EXAMPLE
Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at C of the
machine shaft as shown in the figure. The shaft is supported by journal bearings at A
and B, which only exert vertical forces on the shaft.

FBD
 Ay 0.025 m

Mc

Nc
Vc
0.25 m

From overall FBD, take moment about B,

- Ay (0.4)+120 (0.125) -225(0.1) = 0

Ay = -18.75 N
Taking equilibrium conditions on the FBD,

Fx = 0 + Nc = 0

Fy + =0

-18.85-40-Vc = 0

Vc = -58.8 N

Mc = 0 +

Mc +40(0.025) + 18.75b(0.25) = 0

Mc = -5.69 N.m