Quality Methods: Sustainability Application

Raid Al-Aomar, PhD

Professor of IE, Director of (MEM)
College of Engineering
Abu Dhabi University
Agenda

Introduction
Quality Methods

Sustainability Aspects
Environmental
Economic
Social

QFD Method
House of Quality
QFD for Sustainability
QFD Examples

Other Methods (Lean & Six Sigma)

Discussion
2
Quality Engineering/Methods: The Know-How
of Total Quality Management
Q Q
award KH

6
Ex
SPC
TQM QFD

EFQM Quality
Tools & Std.
PDCA-Kaizen
Q & COPQ

ISO Standards Basic Stat

TQM Organization Quality Engineering

3
 Quality Concept Q
What is Quality?
Quality is the ability of a product or service to
consistently meet or exceed customer
expectations.

Quality Pioneers
Quality aspects
Product
Service

Cost of Poor Quality: Quality & Cost

dilemma, TLF, competitiveness
Quality Awards & Certifications
4
Factors to Consider When Quantifying the Costs of Poor Quality
Basic Quality Tools

Quality tools for problem identification,

representation, analysis, and solving:

Flow charts/Process Maps to understand the process

Seven Basic Tools

1. Check sheets
2. Histograms
3. Pareto chart
4. Cause-Effect diagram
5. Scatter Diagrams
6. Run/Control Charts
7. Stratification

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ISO 9000 TQM

7
 Process & System Level:
I-P-O Measurement (SIPOC chart):
Q
I P O

Suppliers Customers

Input Process Output

Measures Measures Measures

Quality Metrics Feedback

Inputs Quality: Supplies, raw material, applications, supplies, services

Process Quality: Operations, procedures, standards, resources, etc.
Outputs Quality: Products, services, customer relations, etc.
Examples: Cost, Time, Delivery, Rejects, Complaints, Reliability

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Organizational Level
TQM (EFQM-based Excellence models)

The 9 criteria of SKEA Quality award.

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Sustainable & Green Design
Sustainable design is the philosophy of designing physical objects,
the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of
social, economic, and ecological sustainability.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_design

Green Design and construction practices that significantly reduce, or

eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and its
occupants. (US Green Building Council)

Sustainability Approaches: site planning; safeguarding water use

and water use efficiency; promoting energy efficiency and
renewable energy; conserving materials and resources; and
promoting indoor environmental quality

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11

Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design

A leading-edge system for designing,

constructing, operating and certifying the
worlds greenest buildings.

LEED project certification -

provides independent, third-party
verification that a building project
meets the highest green building and
performance measures.

United States Green Building

Council (USGBC) issued a set of
LEED guidelines in 2000.
 Benefits of Green Building

Environmental benefits:
Enhance and protect
ecosystems and
biodiversity

Improve air and water

quality

Reduce solid waste

Conserve natural
resources
Benefits of Green Building

Economic benefits:
Reduce operating costs
Enhance asset value and
profits

Improve employee
productivity and
satisfaction

Optimize life-cycle
economic performance
Benefits of Green Building

Health and community

benefits:
Improve air, thermal, and
acoustic environments
Enhance occupant comfort
and health
Minimize strain on local
infrastructure
Contribute to overall
quality of life
Building Ecosystem

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 QFD for customer satisfaction

In a total quality setting, customers define quality. Therefore,

customer satisfaction must be the highest priority.

Customer satisfaction is achieved by producing high-quality

products/services that meet or exceed expectations.

Customer needs are not static. Therefore, constant contact with

customers is essential in a total quality setting.

QFD can be used to update customer needs (get feedback

periodically) and enhance products/services accordingly.
 Quality Function Deployment
(House of Quality)

The QFDs House of

Quality (HOQ) is the
heart of QFD.

It is the set of
interrelated matrices
known that take on
the appearance of a
house.
 QFD in Sustainability: SFD

QFD can be used to consider the sustainability requirements
in the design (Sustainability Function Deployment: SFD).

It makes sustainability requirements a normal part of

architectural design, thereby improving the quality of living
and the quality of the environment.

In order to implement SFD, designers must innovate. They

need to identify the mechanisms/actions/technical
requirements that fulfill the sustainability requirements.

QFD/SFD is a mechanism for innovation.

WHATs in SFD

 Sustainability requirements
Interior Air Quality
Less Energy consumption
Less Water consumption
Clean external air
Natural light
others

 Each team should come up with a list of WHATs

 Team has to agree on their importance
 Team has to benchmark them with LEED & Estidamah

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HOWs in SFD

 Technical requirements to achieve the WHATs

Solar
Cooling
Recycling
Design
Materials
others
 Each team should come up with a list of HOWs
 Team has to agree on their relationships with WHATs
 Team has to identify correlations within HOWs and
suggest how to deal with contradictions
 Team will set design targets for the HOWs

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 Example
DEWA, Dubai Electricity and Water Authority, in AlQuz, Dubai, UAE.

In December 2012, the project was occupied and received the certification with a total LEED score of 98
out of 110 (Platinum).

Example: At the roof, they added a sky garden to further enhance the indoor and outdoor thermal
environment.

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 Matrix #1 : Customer Needs
Customer Needs
Imp.
( VOC )
Innovative Design
Energy Efficiency
Accessibility
Sustainable Material
Indoor Air Quality
Access View & Daylight
Natural Ventilation
Water Efficiency
* Voice of Customers (VOC) its what the
customer needs and wants which is the most
important factor that the customer consider in a
sustainable building
2
* It was chosen based on the sustainability
5 factors that the customer would look to in a
sustainable building
4 * Customer importance is a number from a scale
1 to 5 which is estimated based on the
2 importance of each element to the customer
* The customers needs chosen for DEWA
5
building are Innovative Design, Energy
Efficiency, Accessibility, Sustainable Material,
4 Indoor Air Quality, View and Daylight, Natural
Ventilation and Water Efficiency
4
* Energy Efficiency, Natural Ventilation and
Indoor Air Quality are the most important VOC
3
needs
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 Matrix Number #2: Planning the Improvement Strategy
- In this matrix, it provides DEWA assessment compared to the most well known benchmarks within the
region which are Estidama and LEED
- Estidama is the green building rating tool that is used in Abu Dhabi and it consists of 5 pearl according to
each sustainability principles
- LEED is a US benchmark assessment tool used for green sustainable buildings
- With the assessment of the benchmarks and the customer importance, the improvement factor, sales
point, overall weight and total percentage of the overall weight were calculated for DEWA

DEWA Estidama LEED I. Planned IF SP. OW %

1 1 1 1 1.0 1.1 2.2 5.2

5 5 5 5 1.2 1.3 7.8 18.4

4 3 4 4 1.4 1.1 6.2 14.6

2 3 3 3 1.2 1.0 2.4 5.7

3 4 3 4 1.2 1.2 7.2 17

3 4 3 4 1.2 1.3 6.2 14.6

3 4 3 4 1.2 1.3 6.2 14.6

3 5 2 5 1.4 1.0 4.2 10

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 -
-
Vegetated Roof

Operable Window

Smoke & Control Sensor

Artificial Light Control

Water Reduction
needs in terms of sustainability

Low VOC Material

Solar Hot Water System

Solar PV Panel
High Efficiency HVAC

Water Efficient Landscaping

Public Transportation

Bicycle Parking\Changing Room

Electrical Car Parking

Recycled \ Certified Material

Recycled \ Certified Material

This is the list of (HOWs) in terms of the technical solutions used within DEWA in Dubai

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Construction Waste Management

Glazed Facade
In this matrix, we listed out the major technical requirements that would be used to meet the customer
Matrix Number 3Selecting the Technical Requirements (HOWs)
Matrix Number #4: Evaluating Interrelationships between the
WHATs and HOWs.
- In each intersection between the technical requirement and the customer need, an interrelationship was
estimated either strong, medium, weak or none presented in different shapes

- The purpose of this matrix is to show how strong is the relationship between each technical requirement
with the customer need, this will later show which technical requirement is consider as a priority for the
customer and therefore the designer should invest more in it

High = 9

Medium = 3

Weak = 1

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 Accessibility

Water Efficiency
( VOC )

Energy Efficiency
Innovative Design

Indoor Air Quality

Natural Ventilation
Sustainable Material
Customer Needs

Access View & Daylight

Evaluating

and HOWs.

3
4
4
5
2
4
5
2
Interrelationships

Imp.
Matrix Number #4:

between the WHATs

Vegetated Roof

Operable Window

Smoke & Control Sensor

Artificial Light Control

Water Reduction

Low VOC Material

Solar Hot Water System

Solar PV Panel

High Efficiency HVAC

Water Efficient Landscaping

Public Transportation

Bicycle Parking\Changing Room

Electrical Car Parking

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Recycled \ Certified Material

Recycled \ Certified Material

Construction Waste Management

Glazed Facade
 Matrix Number #5: Evaluates the Correlation
- Within each diagonal intersection in the correlation matrix, a supportive or impeding type of relation
ship is established between the technical requirements
- These correlations exist as the roof of the HOQ ( House of Quality )
- The positive and the negative sign shows if the two technical requirement support each other or which
one of them oppose each other

Supportive

Impending

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 Matrix Number #5: Supportive

Evaluates the Correlation Impending

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 Matrix Number #6: Selecting Design Targets of the Technical
Requirements
- The design target matrix includes calculation of the technical priorities

- The higher the value shows the importance of implementing the technical requirement in the project design

- According to the calculation, the high efficiency HVAC, operable window and artificial light contributes greatly
in the project design

Technical Priorities 47.4 150.2 83.4 144 61.2 92.6 108 70.2 153.6 37.8 55.8 55.8 55.8 21.6 21.6 7.2 72.6
% of Total Priorities 3.8 12.1 6.7 11.6 4.9 7.5 8.72 5.7 12.4 3.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 1.74 1.74 0.6 5.9

Equations Used:
- IF = ( Plan Current ) x 0.2 + 1.0
- OW = CI x IF x SP
- % Total W = OW / 
- TP = ( Symbol Value x OW) + ( Symbol Value x OW) + ..
- % TP = TP / 
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QFD For Dubai Electricity & Water Authority DEWA:

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Another Example: Redesign of superblock

There is a need to revitalize the inner part of the city. This is about what is needed for the city. So, Abu Dhabi
2030 Plan proposes a program of block revitalization, undertaking one or several pilot projects. The goals
here are the following:

To analyze the existing situation.

To identify the issues that may cause the blocks to deteriorate.
To pinpoint all drawbacks and create proposals concerning the urban morphology, public space, volumes, as
well as social segregation and road/pedestrian networks.

By this, the modern concept Abu Dhabi may redefine its urban fabric in a more socially viable and
sustainable way that has the potential of becoming the prime design to be followed.

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The QFD HoQ

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QFD for Estidama Requirements

The Sheikh Zayed Desert Learning Centre:

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Example: QFD Outcomes

Technical priorities

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
High efficiency exterior water grey water water monitoring Onsite storm Drought tolerant
fixtures monitoring recycling leak detecting management plants
features facilities

Technical priorities

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Other Methods for Sustainability
Lean: war on waste

Inventory

Transportation (material Handling)

Delay (Waiting)

Motions (Effort)

Over-processing

Over-production

Defects

New: Knowledge: Over-qualifications, underutilization

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 Other Methods for Sustainability
Six Sigmas Methodologies

Design Improve EXISTING

NEW products processes so that
and processes their outputs
that meet meet
customer needs customer

Six Sigma requirements

Process Management
Control and manage cross-function
processes to meet business goals

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 6
Lower Specification Limit Upper Specification Limit
(LSL) (USL)

Lower Specification Limit Upper Specification Limit

(LSL) (USL)

x
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 Many familiar quality tools applied in a
structured methodology

Six Sigma Tools

DMAIC Stage Tools Deliverables
Define (D) Project Charter, Process Project objectives, CTQs, design
Map, QFD, benchmarking, variables, resources, project plan,
KANO, etc. etc.
Measure (M) Data collection, sampling, Measured performance, Process
work measurements, Sigma variation (Sigma value), process
calculator capability measures

Analyze (A) Statistical analyses, charts, Defined improvement opportunity,

root-cause analysis, DOE sources of variation, action plan.
and ANOVA

Improve (I) Design optimization, Select the best solutions, changes

robustness, brainstorming, deployment, adjustments to process
validation variables.

Control (C) Error proofing, FMEA, SPC, Monitoring plan, maintained

Standards, PUGH analysis performance, documentation,
transfer of ownership.

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Questions?

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