Hints and Answers of Tutorial Sheet-4,

MATHEMATICS-II Spring 2017

1. Use the definition of Hermitian matrix, A = AT . x = 3, y = 0, z = 3.

2. (a) Use the definition of an orthogonal matrix and then use inverse and transpose proper-
ties.
(b) Use the definition of an unitary matrix and then use inverse and transpose properties.

3. (a) First use the transpose property (AB)T = B T .AT . Then replace I by AAT and AT A
accordingly.
(b) First use the transpose property (AB)T = B T .AT . Then replace I by AAT and AT A
accordingly.

4. (a) Take the conjugate to Ax = x . use the symmetric property. Pre-Multiply Ax = x

with xT .
(b), (c), (d) can be done similar to (a).

5. (i) = 2 : [1, 0, 1]T ; = 3 : [1, 1, 1]T ; = 6 : [1, 2, 1]T .

(ii) = 2, 2 : [1, 1, 0]T , [1, 0, 1]T ; = 4 : c[1, 1, 2]T , c R.

(iii)

= 1 :c[1, 1, 1]T ; = 1
2
+ 23 i : c[1, 12
+ 23 i, 1 2
2
3 T
i] ; = 1
2
2
3
i : c[1, 1
2

2
3
i, 1
2
+ 23 i]T , c R.
(iv) = 1 : [1, 0, i]T ; = 2 : [0, 1, 0]T ; = 3 : [i, 0, 1]T .
(v) = i, i : [1, 0, 1]T , [1, 1, 0]T ; = 2i : [1, 1, 1]T .

6. Let be the eigen value so Av = v. Take conjugate transpose on both sides, we get
v A = v . Multiply above two equations and use AA = I.

If is an eigenvalue then = ia where a is real number. Then use the fact |z| = |x + iy| =
7. p
x2 + y 2 .
 
1 1 3 4
8. A = 5 , = 1, = 5.
2 1
3

3 1 2
9. A1 = 5 4
1
4
3
4
1 1 1
4 4 4
.

10. (a) Similar ; (b) Not similar.

11. (a) Use simailarity definition and hence get an invertible matrix P such that A = P BP 1 .
Find the determinant |A I|. Then use A = P BP 1 .
(b) NO. construct an example.

1

3 1 1 1 0 0
12. (i) Diagonalizable; P = 2 3 0 and P 1 AP = D = 0 2 0 .
1 1 1 0 0 1
(ii) Not diagonalizable. (iii) Not diagonalizable.

1 1 1 2 0 0
(iv) Diagonalizable; P = 1 0 1 and P 1 AP = D = 0 2 0 .
0 1 2 0 0 4
2i 2
13. The obtained recurrence relation using Cayley-Hamilton is A = iA (i 1)I for
theorem
1 0 0
100
i = 1, 2, .... Then by putting i = 50 we get : A = 50 1 0.

50 0 1

1 2 1 1 0 0 30 12 6
14. (a) Let P = 2 3 4 and D = 0 2 0 . Then A = P DP 1 = 12 1
2 4 14 .
1 4 9 0 0 3 34 4 38
1 0 0
1 n n 1 500 500
As A = P DP , so A = P D P . Therefore D = 0 2 0
500
0 0 3 .
(b) Similar to 14(a).