MUSCLES

MM. ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

Obturator internus Pelvic surface of Leaves pelvis thru lesser External rotation of hip N. to obturator internus
obturator membrane and sciatic foramen to enter
adjoining part of hip bone gluteal region
Inserts on greater
trochanter of femur
Piriformis Front of lateral masses of Leaves pelvis thru greater External rotation of hip Sacral plexus
sacrum sciatic foramen to enter
gluteal region
Inserts on greater
trochanter of femur
Pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani Back of body of pubis, Perineal body, coccyx, Supports and maintains N. to levator ani (S4)
*largest and most tendinous arch, ischial anococcygeal ligament, pelvic viscera in position Inf. rectal n.
important mm. of pelvic spine walls of prostate or by resisting rises in Coccygeal plexus
floor vagina, rectum anal canal intrapelvic pressure;
sphincter action to
anorectal junction and
vagina
Coccygeus Ischial spine Sacrum and coccyx Assists levator ani in Perineal branches of S4-5
supporting pelvic viscera

ARTERIES
ARTERY FROM TO MISC.
Common iliac aa Abd. Aorta bifurcation at L4 Pelvic inlet external and
internal iliacs
External iliac a. Leaves common iliac a. and Leaves false pelvis by passing
courses along medial border of deep to inguinal ligament
psoas major mm. following
pelvic inlet
Femoral a. Ext. iliac a. at inguinal ligament Inferior epigastric a.
Deep circumflex a.
Internal iliac a. Leaves common iliac a. Anterior and posterior divisions Supplies pelvic viscera,
at upper margin of greater sciatic perineum, pelvic walls, gluteal
foramen region
 ARTERY FROM
Posterior division of int. iliac a.
Iliolumbar a. From posterior division; ascends
anterior to sacroiliac joint and
poster to common iliac vessels
Lateral sacral a. From posterior division
Superior gluteal a. Continuation of posterior
division
Anterior division of int. iliac a.
Obturator a. From anterior division
Runs anteroinferiorly along
lateral pelvic wall w/ obturator n.
Umbilical a. From anterior division
Uterine a. From anterior division
Runs medially on pelvic floor
and crosses ureter superiorly
Inferior vesical a. From anterior division
Vaginal a. Takes place of inferior vesical a.
present in males
Middle rectal a. Commonly arises w/ inferior
vesical a.
Internal pudendal a. Terminal branch of anterior
division
Inferior gluteal a. Terminal branch of anterior
division
TO
Runs along iliac crest and
anastomoses w/ deep circumflex
iliac a.
Descends anterior to sacral
plexus
Leaves pelvis thru greater sciatic
foramen above piriformis w/
superior gluteal n.
May give off a. to vas deferens
Exits pelvic cavity thru obturator
canal to medial muscle
compartment of thigh
Superior vesical a.
Runs with broad ligament of
uterus
Anastomoses w/ ovarian a.
Passes retroperitoneally to
inferior aspect of male urinary
bladder
Gives off a. to vas deferens
Anastomoses w/ superior and
inferior rectal aa.
Leaves pelvic cavity thru greater
sciatic foramen below piriformis
Enters perineum thru lesser
sciatic foramen, passes thru
Alcocks canal w/ pudendal n.
Leaves pelvic cavity thru greater
sciatic foramen below piriformis
MISC.
5th lumbar a.
Supplies structures adjacent to
sacral plexus
Supplies gluteus medius and
minimus mm.
Can come off common iliac or
ext. iliac also
Proximal portion patent, feeds
superior aspect of urinary
bladder
Distal portion obliterated,
becomes medial umbilical
ligament
Supplies uterus, uterine tube,
upper part of vagina
Supplies urinary bladder, pelvic
part of ureters, prostate gland,
seminal vesicles
Supplies vagina and base of
urinary bladder
Supplies muscle of loer rectum,
prostate gland, seminal vesicles
Main bld. supply to perineum
Supplies mm. of anal canal and
skin and mm. of perineum
Supplies gluteus maximus m.
 ARTERY FROM
Arise from false pelvis, but supply parts of true pelvis
Superior rectal a. Direct continuation of inferior
mesenteric a.
Median/middle sacral a. Small terminal branch of abd.
aorta arising at its bifurcation
Ovarian a. Arises from abd. aorta
Passes inferolaterally behind
peritoneum
Crosses external iliac a. at pelvicuterus to mesovarium
inlet
Testicular a. Part of spermatic cord
Enters inguinal canal
DOES NOT ENTER TRUE PELVIC CAVITY
VEINS
External iliac v. Begins deep to inguinal ligament
as continuation of femoral v.
Internal iliac v. Begins by union of tributaries
that correspond to branches of
internal iliac a.
Median sacral v. Accompany corresponding a.
TO MISC.
Supplies mucous membrane of
rectum and upper half of anal
canal
Runs along the anterior portion Unpaired, parietal
of sacrum and coccyx, posterior Supplies region in anterior
to iliolumbar a. portion of sacrum and coccyx
Enters suspensory ligament of Supplies ovary
ovary
Passes into broad ligament of
Funs along medial side of Tributaries:
external iliac a. Inferior epigastric v.
Joins internal iliac v. to become Deep circumflex iliac v.
common iliac v.
Passes anterosuperiorly to
sacroiliac joint
Joins external iliac v.
Drain into left common iliac v.
or at point where common iliac
vv. join to form IVC
 PELVIC
DIAPHRAGM

LEVATOR
COCCYGEUS
ANI

ILIOCOCCYGEUS PUBOCOCCYGEUS

LATERAL MEDIAL
PART PART

LEVATOR PUBOREECTALIS
PROSTATE OR (PUBORECTAL
PUBOVAGINALIS SLING)