10

-


-
2005
 81.2. -
72
...................................................................... 7
................................................ 8
72 . . .................................................................................. 11
10 .
. .:
; .: -, 2005. 208 . ..................................... 13-14
+ ........................................................ 15
- ............................................ 17, 53, 54, 68, 70, 79
, ...................................................................................... 20
. ? ......................................................................... 21-24
. +(e)S ...................................................................................... 24, 26, 29
, ..................................................... 27, 46-48
................................................................................... 27
, to ..................................................................................... 30
ISBN 5-87852-???-? 1 ............................................................................ 31
: , to .......................................... 32

.
,

......................................... 35
. ................................................... 35, 37-45
.............................................................................................. 40-45
......................................................................................... 46
. .............................................. 49
. S ............................................................ 50
2 ............................................................................ 52

.......................................................... 54
................................................................................................. 54-62
.............................................................................. 60
........................................................................ 61
My mine ............................................................................................ 63-65
of, by, with ............................................................... 66-68

........................................................................................ 69-75
3 ................................................................... 76-77
. . ............................................................................................ 78
ISBN 5-87852-???-? , 2005

8 ................................................................................................ 79
: , ..................... 80
, ....................................................... 82-84
ANY ..................................................................................................... 84-87

................................................... 88
be ........................................................................................... 90-98
3 ............................................................................ 98
..................................................................................... 99
Everybody, somebody . ............................................................... 101
10

................................................. 102-103
+(e)D ................................................................................................ 104, 107
....................................................... 105-106
........................................................................... 107
......................................................................... 108

3 ..................................................... 112, 117
.................................................................................................... 112
1- : ............................................. 114

+ING ........................................................................................................ 116
2- : ..................................119-124
................................................................................... 124

3- : ..................................................... 126
4- ..................................................................................... 130
......................................... 134

.............................................. 136
................................................................................. 138
........................................................................ 139
......................................................................................... 142
? ....................................................................... 144
..................................................................... 145
.................................................................................. 146
........................................... 150

......................................................................... 151

10- , -
( -
), , -
( )!

.

, -

.
, , , -

, 10-

, 2-3
24-36 .
,
,
.

!
. . ,
.
2005, -

E-mail: fondvis@mail.ru
: www.dragunkin.ru

7
 .

( )
, ( !!!)
!!!

,
. ;
,
.
1998 ,


( !),
.
!!!

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.
!!!
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8 9
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!!!
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,
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: : ,
full = , : fool = , .
shit = ,
: sheet =
(), /
bitch = , : beach = . ,
,

+ +
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!!! !!!

, ... /,
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10 11
 .

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, =
= +S:
. (: )
( - 27
, , ) ,
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!!!
Table tableS = .
+ . . 25 !

!!!

-
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4 :

1) - = 27 (. 14
180-182);
2) - = 178 (. 109);
3) - = 7 (. 145);
4) - = 10 (. 148).

-
( -
) .

12 13
 (9+9 + 7 ): .
) , - ,
:
()
. : . : ( 21 ,
. 35), : my = ,
child hildren =


foot

feet = / ,
,
goose geese =
(

louse lice = , , this, that, such a, an/a)


mouse mice = ,
(= +S !),

man men =


woman women =
w

w , ,
ox oxen = !!!


tooth teeth = ;
,


/
)
: ,
!!!:
aircraft = /-
deer = /-/-
grand = () !!!
quid w = (.)
salmon = /-/- = MY hand
sheep = /-/- = MY table
trout = /-/-; = MY sun
= MY handS

14 15
 : :
, =
= MY handS = MY clean, white and tender handS.
w
( - !!!).
,
= MY handS (= hand+S),
= MY handS
(MY),
: !!!

= MY hand
= MY hand
= MY hand ( !).
. .
, ,

: 1 2 3 4 4 5
+ + / + + .

() -,
, , ,
, ,
(!) ,
/

( !!!),
( ) !!!,

,
-/- :
+ 1 2 3 4 4 5
( = +S, I + respect + my + beautiful and clever + sister.

:

1 +2 +3
, = ( !),
1 +2 +3
= MY clean, white and tender hand.
( = sister+S)
w
16 17
 :
4 ,
1 2 3 4 4 5
I + respect + my + beautiful and clever + sisterS.
(. . )
+ + + + .
:
sisterS
, , , I = ,
you = , , ,
,
we w = ,
(= sisterS!) they = .
!

:

We + solve + many + difficult + problemS.
w
+ + + +

( problemS) !

NB. (= +S):

+S -, -.
,
,
!
.
:
!!! . =
= We WORK very hard.
. w w

.
Those guyS DANCE here every night.
!!! aa
=

18 19
 - ( /:
, ,
, , , , ,
, , , . . IT).
..


: ?
now = , usually =
today , = always w = ( 10 !!!).
generally = as a rule =
, , 37 ,
nowadays = 2, 4 5 ,
+
every ... (+ minute, day, week, month, Sunday, year)
w
: , , , , , .
. .;

( , . 35)
2) 7 = 7 ,

(= , . .).
,
,
(me, him ..) , 20.000 ...
, :


ME = , ,
+ + +
YOU = , , ( !).
( !
, ,
, ) !!!
HIM = , , , ,
HER = , , , , , ( !) +S !!!
IT * = , , , , , , , *
US = , , :
THEM = , , , , , . this/that
these/those
(= +S)!
* it / ,
- ,
(.. )
20 21
 -/- 1.
+ { . .
!!!
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5

I + respect + my + serious + friend/s ,
You love no clever girl/s ,
We adore any big dog/s
They hate beautiful table/s
People count this white hand/s !!!
expect that .. face/s
(= ) carry house/s : Tomorrow =
These girls save these monkey/s ,
.. touch those book/s The day after tomorrow =
touch (+ . room/s
have* . 35). ..
Next ... (+ week, Sunday, year, summer, Christmas).
..
w
/ : , , , , ,
..
() 5
( !) :
,
=
()
I + leave + tomorrow.
!
You + come + the day after tomorrow.
We + arrive + next + week.
/ They + .. + ~ + Sunday.
: People + + ~ + year.
These girls + + ~ + Summer.
I + carry + any + clever + monkey/s. .. + ~ + Christmas, ..
/
+ + ... + ... + /-/-. :

+ (= ) + = They + leave + tomorrow.

+
/ ??? These guyS + arrive

22 23
 + (= ) + . NB !
They + arrive here + next Sunday.
-E- +S ,

+ + + .
(= ) +S
His brotherS + buy + our house + tomorrow.
- !!!

+ + . , , --
Many guestS + come + the day after tomorrow. bush =

(= bushES = ) ?
.
fixES = ?
,
,
(: ) ,
, +S , ,
! ..!!!

10 , !

/ -E-
8 ! , +S
( 8 . 153-154). -SH -S (, , -Z),
,
, , ,

/ !!!
, bushS !
, !!! - !
- 8 !
(=
(10 2 +S = 8)
=
2 = +S, = SH-, S-, CH-, J-, X Z-)
+S -E- +S ,
+ES, (. 26)
/ --! !!!
24 25
NB !!!
-th ( ) +()S:
-e- ,

!!! He + readS many + bookS = + + .
( , )
- -, -, She + planS + to + leave = + + .
- -, - !!!,
:
5 = 5 monthS , a 5 monthes. My dog + barkS + every night = + + .
3 = 3 boothS , 3 boothes !!!

.
+S:
,
1) +(e)S ( 9+7 = 16 / +S =
. . 14) , = ... HAS ... = ... ...


: , , , ?, + haS
table tableS ( HAveS, -v-
bush bushES ):
tax taxES = ;
() + + = He HAS + many + friendS.
= + ...
2) +(e)S
:
+ = He HAS NO + good friendS.


!
HE, SHE, IT WHO?
,

:
, , ?,


(= -),
, , ?
,
(+ ),
,
, !!!
26 27
 12 -, l:
, + + + + + ...
l:
+(e)S + + + + + ...
(
!!!):
!!!
-, , :
HE = MANY =
+ + .
SHE = FEW =
SHE meetS + SUCH beautiful guyS + very seldom.
IT = SEVERAL =

WHO? = ? A LOT OF =
PLENTY OF = + + + + + ?
SUCH = , WHO + readS + SEVERAL + interesting + bookS + every week?
+ . . w
THESE =
THOSE =
/.

,
:
c

:

+ + + .
HE + +S + MANY + + .+S Every day + WE + COUNT + our beautiful dogS.
. . w

: (-) + + .
Their FRIENDS + SING + very loudly.

HE + seeS + MANY + good + friendS + very often.
She + meetS + a lot of + nice + girlS + +(e)S
It + + several + + guyS + .
Who? + + few + + + He, She, It, Who?
+ plenty of (= , , , ?),
+ such
+ these
(= ):
+ those
28 29
 + + + p + . , !!!
HE often + readS + MANY + old English + magazineS.
(B 15 !!!).

= Our DOG biteS everyone. 1

(= ) w I buy

!!! very many

new English bookS
, ..

and magazineS

/ to, , every month,

:
because
1 2 1 2
+ + = I + want + to jump. 1 2 1 2
w . I want to know everything.
w
These bookS
.
help me
to ( )

to: . very much.
1 2 3

, + t + ! I have no (. . 39)
I work + to + be able to study!
w , close friendS here

, + t + .
since
Every day they come here + to + see us.


all my old friendS
t + , !
To + do this you must be strong! . live in different placeS.

30 31
 . , + t + + ! = I want + them + to + leave!
w
, ,
/ !
, + t + + + !

1 2 3 They want + us + to + buy + this old house!
: , + t + + . w

: NB. to to:
, + to + .
1) , (. 35) He plans + me to + leave tomorrow.
( him);
-!
2) , !
1 2 2 1 (. . 49).
( t + him + to );

( ):
3) ( ..) (.. to),
:
him + to + give me !!!
: :
me my
you your
: him his
1 2 2 1 her her
t me to + . it its
t you to + us our
t him to + them their :
t her to +
t it to +
t us to + , to + + .
t them to + . I want him to eat + his + breakfast

:
, to + + .
+ + t + .
We want them to remove + their + bed.
I want + him + to + give me :

32 33
 :
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
,



, . .
! + + - + - +
(? (?):
?) (?)
( k): + LOVE + + GOOD +

1 2 3 4 5 I = MY = = ME
+ + + + .
YOU = , YOUR = , = YOU
I + love + your + clever + brother.
WE w = HIS = , * = HIM
THEY = HER = = HER
+ + + + . ITS = *, = IT

You + see + these + big + cats. OUR = = US
THEIR = (-)* , = THEM
NO = ,
+ + + + . ANY =

They + buy + such + expensive + cars. . THIS =
(= +S THAT =

. 14 EVERY = .
+ + . . 180). EACH =
My dogs + bite + her. SOME = , .
+ -
AND = ;
SUCH A =
SUCH =
,
THESE =
(cats, cars, dogs) !!! THOSE =

!!! AN-A / = , - ..
1) . 35 (5),
(1). THE = ,
}
(. 40).

(cat catS), (I, he, him ..), : 31 .
(Pete, Moscow ..).
34 35
* ( ) , !!!
!
2
NB 1 !!! :
, 31
!!! 1)

NB 2 !!! !!!
I/you/we/they

(!) !!! ?
,
NB 3 !!! , , - :
( !) !,

( ): - ,

(-) -
= I se HIS dog ( okay!)
:

-
= I see HIM ,
( ) / :
(-)
= We hear THEIR voices.
w !!!

= (= )

}
Ho: HIS
= We hear THEM w NO = * (. 39)
() ANY =
(-)
I can charm + THIS = + girl.
( ) = I like ITS color
SUCH A =
:
SOME =
( ) = I like IT. A/THE = / ..

.
!!!
- -
, - HIS THEIR. THESE =
,
HIM THEM !!!
I can charm + THOSE
SUCH
=
=
} + girlS.

36 37
 an/a = 1 + 2 3 4 5
, + + + .
! I + see + THIS + big beautiful white elephant.
: w
an apples a girls !!!
NB !!!

!!!
!!!

, ( , , ),
(+ . . 45) !;

2) . ,

( )

/ !!! 1 !!!

,
!!!
( )
21 = ,
( /-/-)
NO = , , ,
!!!
: /
my any, the your a this !!!

( !!!).
,
, NO,
/ ,
,
, , !!!
!!!:

( , ): + = I see + NO big cats.

+ + + = We + write + ANY + bookS.
w : + .
38 39
 =
+ + = We + read NO + new books.
w 1
: ... + . ( ).
= My friend has NO money.
= . ,

:
a/n the
(= ),
(
( NO)
- )

!!! (= /)
... !
( NO new interesting books,
NO money).
, ,
- (
:
, ) ( -)
=
!!! = , :

, , ..., ..., ... =

= - THE ... .
, , !
the /


(= = the boy/the boys) !!!
AN, A THE (.. ).
/ ,

,
,

= a/n:
!!! ..., - ..., ... = AN
A /,
, -
!!!:
40 41
1) I se A girl; 1) , h-
2) I see THE girl , ,
, AN, :
, ,
AN hour = ,
, :
A hot dish = ;
, !
2) U-
-, -.
- / !!! :
AN umbrella = (-),
!!! :
A union = .
AN/A ,

( !!!) 2 ,

/ !!! ( ):
- - ..!

. Yesterday I met A friend.



( !)
. THE friend had AN old coat.
= !!! (. 45).

. The coat was green.
, ,
w
, an ... ,
* *
a ... : ., There were holes on it.
w
A boy = AN apricot = .
* *

. mended with green threads.
w
:
42 43
 We took A bus. One day THE old man ( )
. w w

left THE house ( )

THE bus was overcrowded.

. w
and went into THE forest ( )
, ( w
) ,
... * 0*
, , ,
to collect mushrooms. (t) .
.

, , THE mushrooms were tasty. () .

(an/a /). w

, * , ,
, (

) .
/!
( ),
(the ). , , ,
,
, , the
the !!! ( )
* . . 45 3
: ,
(= an/a)
AN old man lived ()

in A small house ()
!!!
near A forest. () .

44 45
* !!! + .
They HAVE NO + big white cats.
w

- ! = These tableS HAVE NO legs.

=

, (!):
.
////// /-/-/- =
,
, = /////// /-/-/- =

/
/ ! = I/you/he/she/it/we/they HAD ... =
(. . 155 ).
(= 2- ).
!!!
... /- () + = ... HAD NO + cat.
:

: //// ...!
: :

... = I HAVE ... ////// /-/- =

... = You have ...
... = We have ... w = /////// ... =
... = You have ...
... = They have ... = I/you/he/she/it/we/they WILL HAVE ....
... = These girls have ... w
: . . 53
/: ... () + = ... WILL HAVE NO + cat.
w
+ + .
We HAVE + many + white catS.
w w
have =
: + ...
(
, , + , ,
: ):

46 47
 + () + . ,
I HAD + (my) beautiful + girlfriend.
,
()
1 2 !!!
+ .
2 1
We HAD NO + clever friends. ( !!!)
w
,
1+2
... + + .
1 2
(. . 35).
... WILL HAVE + a lot of + problems.
... w
,
!!!

3 1+2 / -
... + . = -
1 2 3 , =
... WILL HAVE NO + problems. = .
... w

( !) = :

I MY =
YOU YOUR = , ,
.
HE HIS = , *
/ () , SHE HER =
IT ITS = = *,
, , , (-) , *
!!! WE OUR =
THEY THEIR = (-*).
( have = 3
!!!). * , ( )
, !

48 49
 : , ,
.
(. . 26).
:
/ 1 2 3
: !!! ...

:
.
+ + .
I write + MY + compositions every day. (= )

1 2 3
+ + . + + ,
We love + OUR + children and parents.
w

+ .
THEY read + THEIR bookS !!!

+ + . , ,
My CAT + always lickS + ITS pawS. :
w
1 2 2 1
My fatherS car = + .
(= S),
My fatherS cars c = .

( !). BritainS + foreign policy =
= + .
, , :
1 2 3
.
+ + .
(= ) HE usually sellS + HIS fatherS + carS.
: +
2 3 1 = 2 3 1
+ + .
= My motherS flat. SHE often strokeS + HER husbandS + handS.
? ?
S !!!
50 51
 2
( 20 ).
29 .
2 (. 54) =
Our father
= 34 / =

= 34 ,
buyS and sellS

. different old carS.
!!!
We help him
w ,
, my sister washES them, 3 !
w
, I fix them, !!!:

and our mom 1)

26 () (= 26 )
. countS money.
!
We have many
w
(= 26 )
, constant clientS,
!!!
their quantity
w
. constantly growS
(+ . . 88);
and our fatherS business
2) ,
. helpS us very much. !!!;

3)
!!!!!

52 53
 26+2 (. 68) !!!
. (l) 26
,
:
: :
,

!!!
... do ...! CAN = ,
COULD = /, /;
... does ...!
/ , / to !!!
... did ...! MAY =
MIGHT = , , !!!
Do ...?

,
Does ...? MUST = : !!!
OUGHT TO = !
Did ...?
WILL w =
Will ...? w .
/
SHALL = ,
... dont ... .

... doesnt ... I We
... didnt ... WOULD w = ... ..., NB. , ,
, ...
... wont ... w SHOULD = () , !!!
,
Do ... ! =
() :
NEEDNT = ...,
Dont ... ! = ... !!!
...d better ... = ...

...d rather ... = ... (do !, does !, did !)

, !
+ : than = , :
( , do !
Better + than + me = , + + .
!):

!

54 55
 NB:
: ! ?, !


! ?!!!:
+ ! = I + DO + love you!

2-
(Do ? Does ?)
=

/// :
+ (c)! = He + DOES + work!
w
!

?

=

DO + you work? = ? + ?
: w
=
? =

+ ! = She + DID + come! DOES + she work? = ? + ?
w

=
!
///
!!!
Did ?
(Do ?, Does ?, Did ?) (= ):
,
? =
DID + they work? = ? + ?
w
!
( ,
+ 1
/).
( () !)
: WILL ... ? W ... ?:
,
=

?
WILL + he work? = ? + ?
!!!: w w

56 57

= . :
WILL + my brother + live here? + +
w 3) WHY + DO + I know her?
+ + ? + ? + ?
5 4 1 2 3

!!!
:
DO/DOES/DID/WILL you/ + + wash your hands?
EVER 1) ( );
??? / + - + wash ?
w = 2) ;
3)
!!! !!!:
,
1 2 3 1 3
(. 60),
WHERE + DO + you go now? = + ?
, w
1 2 3 1 3
! WHAT + DOES + he know? = + ?
w
,

. 1 2 3 1 3
HOW + DID + you do that? = + ?

NB.
1 2+3
! + + ? k

:
!!!!! 1 2 3
WHEN + WILL you return + my money?
: w w
1 2 3 :
1) = I know her 1 2 3
+ ? + ?
: 1 2 3
HOW MUCH + DO + you love me?
+ 4 1 2 3

2) DO + I know her? = ? + ?

58 59
 23 :
: ...? = How dareS he + ...? ... ...

? = Who? ?
2) () /- ... ? = Would you like to + ... ?
? = Whom? Who? ? ?
...? w ...
? = Whose? ?
? ? = Where? w? + ?
? = Where from? w ? Would you like to + come with me?
? ...? ? = What? w? w w
? ? ? = What for? w ?
? ? = In what way? w w? 3) ... ? = Do you care to + ... ?
()? ()? = Which (of)? w ()? , ..! + ...
... ? = What kind of ... ? w ... ?
...? = What color ... ? w ? , + ! = Do you care to + dance?
? = When? w? + ? aa
? ? = Why? w?
? = How? ? :
() ... !? = How come ... ? ... ? /- + ...? = DoeS s/he care to ...?
... ? = How long? ... ?
()? = How many? ?

()? = How much? ?
? = How often? ? ,
... - ... ? !
... ... } = ... ever ... ? ... ... ?

,
In what manner? w ? !!!

+
3 (Do+, Does+, Did+ Will+)

:
() = NoT = +NT,
1) ...? = How dare you + ...?

+ ...

+ ?
How dare you + insult her?
(= ... ... ) !!!

60 61
 =
4 ... ..., + = ... + WONT + see.
= ... w
,
! ,

(4-) ,
!!!,
,


!!!
!!!!!

2 :

(= dont doesnt):

= = =
+ + = I + DONT + read. + + !!! = DO + punish + him!!!

:
=
// + + = e/she/it + DOESNT + know.
//
+ + ! = DONT + punish
+ him!

1
!!!
(= didnt ):
= S (= ) . 50,
+ + /-/-/- = ... + DIDNT + see.
.

,
1 2 () .

(will+not = WONT w):

62 63
E ! MY house, YOUR sisters, HIS cars ..

I: II: , , ,
, , .
MY mine
, , YOUR yourS
(-) HIS hiS .
HER herS
, ( .) ITS itS
OUR ourS 2- ,
(-) THEIR theirS
?, , :
? = These books are mine.
( mine) c +S = Those books are mine too.
(= ) !!!
+ ? = WHOSE? = These books are yours.
? = Are these books yours?
, , , , MY
, , , Whose house is this one? Its mine!, : Mine!
, , .. w
(-) !.

( ) , ! !
I see that you wear old shirts! Take MINE!
, , , w
, ( . ) ! = Its OURS!

. The money is YOURS, and nobody will take it from you!
! w !
, () !
1-

/, ( !):

. .: Scratch my back, and Ill scratch YOURS !!! =

,
!.
: , !.
64 65
 ranches of trees =
( !). (- = of).
illions of dollars = , , ?
3 : ().
1) he companies of our family = () .
- .

NB ( !).
-. , ,
of + s
of = ,
(, , )

100 %- of + 2-
, --: (. 64)

= the car OF Boris :
= the house OF my father
These friends + OF JOHNS = +
, ,
!!! She is a friend + OF MINE = + + .
+
+ of , He was a slave + OF HERS = + + ;
: w
he + of .
: 2) BY ,
My brothers car = the car of my brother = , - :
;
A mistake made + BY you.
His sisters name = the name of his sister = ,
. , + = .
of The house built + BY this man = , +
, , + ;
- ,
:
66 67
3) -,
, .
WITH w

(= ...):
, ,
o eat soup + WITH a fork = + .
w !:

I built it + WITH my own hands. 1) ( !!!)

w
+ .
( ) !!!

2) ,
+ 2 : ( !!!)
to !!!
27) = Take this !:
3) ( )
- -
!!!
, /,

,
, 1000
!!!.
,
. .

! = Give me! , , !!!!!
!!!
28)
: !,

( to !!!!!).
!!!,
Why gamble? w = ?
.. !
,
; !!!

68 69
 !!!!! :

/ be = ,
,
(+ ).
:
!!!!! 1 2
to !!! = I WILL BE + there w

( !): : I will be = ()
I will read =
I will write =
= to I will have = / ,
/ = I CAN swim w ..
=
= to / / = I/we SHALL eat /w
/ = I COULD do it / / =

= to NB !
* = I* MAY draw
Shall we ?
to = :
, , = He MIGHT com
w
= to
SHALL we + go to bed, dear? = , , !
= We MUST pay w = , ?

= to
=
= He WOULD come tomorrow.
= to w
= She OUGHT TO play in the street.
= , to
, () - .
= to She WOULD play if she had any money.
= They WILL run w w
= = = = ,

70 71
 * .
,
WE* may swin in this pool all day long.
w w

= , to
* .
HE* SHOULD visit his parents every week. !!!
w
( - !!!)
,
= to
* / ! !!!
SHE* NEEDNT be upset!
(. 70)
:
+ * + ?
Why + NEEDNT THEY* + leave tomorrow? 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3
w I* MAY draw MAY* I* draw? = * * ?

* He MIGHT + com MIGHT he + come? =

= , ?
1 2 3 2 1 3
! We MUST + pay MUST we + pay? = +
+ ?
1- (. 76) !
. .

,
.


,

,

,
(= ) !!!
:
, ,
1 2 3
... / + ?
72 73
 : NB 2.
1 3 2
CAN you + return
WHEN my money? :
w
COULDNT you + do this for me?

!!!!! + ?

, :
() = NOT
, CANT , = ..., ...;
!!!
+NT !!!: COULDNT = () ..., ...;
()..., ()...;
= We MUST NOT pay. MAYNT = ...;
w MIGHTNT = ..., ...;
MUSTNT = ...;
= He WOULDNT come tomorrow.
w OUGHTNT to = ...;
SHANT = , ;
, () - . WONT* w* = ... ( );
She WOULDNT play if she had any money. WOULDNT w = ... ..., ...,
w ...;
SHOULDNT = ...,
* ! ...,
HE* SHOULDNT visit her so often! () ...,
() ...

* 1- (. 76) !
*
NB 1. wont w =

NOT (= ) want w =
, , ,
, :
!!!;
I wont want him to = , to

74 75
 3 : / ( ) = It wants.
= We want.
1)
= You want.
= They want;
( , ).
,
! 2)
(= I, you, he, she, it, we, they).

1 () (. . 90 94).
may, should neednt /
2 ()
- :
(, -,
!): + + ( )!
We + ARE +
+ + = I + MAY + drink beer.
1+2 1 2
= (, ?) + + = We + WILL BE + there !!!
+ + .
HE + SHOULD + wash his car.
w
,
+ + = WE + NEEDNT + leave.
w will , !!!;

3) !!!.
,
!
, ,


:
!!!
= I want.
= You want. NB. 3
(. 146),
= He wants.
= She wants. 3 . . 112 117.

76 77
.
29- .

= + 8 ,
will shall: !!!

8
She + WILL be + there.
w to !!!
+ + .

My dog + WILL bark + all night. make = ,

w let = , = ,

+ + . see =

:
We + SHALL overcome + this difficulty.
w
+ + .
hear
feel
notice
observe
watch





w

=
=
=
=
= ()
}

.

!!!
I + SHALL stay + here in any case!

+ + ! j 8 ,
!!!
NB. :
shall , to
, I We =
, . + + + !
You + make + me + SUFFER!
, -
:
to
Shall we + =
= /- ..! = ! + + + !
She + makeS + us + DRINK this medicin every day!

78 79
 to to !!!

+ () + + ! = Dont + let + him + GO! ( l)

,
+ +
(= , , )
+ + ! = Let + her + dance
,
Let !
( Let ,

, !):
( , ),
!
,

+ + ! = Let + him + go! :


Lets = (-) !:
!
..., / ... = ... him ...,
..., / ... = ... her ...,
Lets + dance = (-) !
.. !!!
29- ( )

,

-
(= ):
her .:
, + +
+ + , + .
.

Every day I + watch + her + go to her friend.

w
= I see + HIM + kiss her handS.


+ , + .
, + + = She often watchES + them + play.
= We hear + HER + sing. w

(: + + ). to !

80 81
:
, ... = NEVER
, ... = NOBODY
..., / ... ... me ...

}
: = NO ONE w
..., / / ... ... you ... NB. NO ONE : .
..., / ...
... him ... , ... = NOTHING
..., / ...
+
... her ... , ...
..., / ... ... us ...
( to !) , ... }= NOWHERE w

..., / ... ... them ...

1 2 1+2
= I NEVER shave.


1 2 1+2
!!!
= I could NEVER swim.
, w

(= ) , 1 2 1+2
. = I will NEVER love you.
w

1 2 1+2
!!! = I see NOBODY

1 2 1+2
= I saw NO ONE of them.
!!!: w

= I read NO books. 1 2 1+2

= He has NOTHING

= .
: = I DONT read books
: = I DONT read ANY book/s / 1 2 1+2
! = Tell him NOTHING!
(any ).

, 1 2 1+2
(-) = I went NOWHERE.
w w
:
82 83
, :

1) NO = NOT ( +NT) + ANY;

,

2)
, , !!!
ANY
any (+ . 87):


= ANYBODY
: = ANYONE w ANY = , ,
= ANYTHING

}
= ANYWHERE w !!!:
= ANYTIME = I can get ANY book.


! NB !
, ,

( 4 ): ANY ,
+ = I DONT see + ANYBODY. :

= I DONT read ANY books.
= He DOESNT have ANYTHING.
= =
= She DOESNT go ANYwhere.
(-) = I DIDNT go ANYWHERE.
w w

+ + + + .
!
= DONT tell him ANYTHING !
I + NEVER + wear + ANY + underwear.
w w

84 85
 = ...?
- ?
ANY ! ?DO you have ANY money AT ALL?

- ?
? DOES she read ANY English books AT ALL?
ANY () -:

() - ?
.
?Do you read ANY English books?

ANY:

: ANYHOW =
ANYWAY w = ,
ANY TIME = , :
,
ANY,
+ ! = Ill find you + anyway !
w
at all = -, (Ill ... = I will ...).
,
( !!!) + ! = Come + any time!
, !!!
(
!):

+ + + !
I DONT count + ANY + dogs + AT ALL!

+ + !
I + doNT have + ANY money AT ALL!

86 87
 .

. : = :

1) CAN BE able to ... = ,

...
/ .
2) MAY BE allowed to ... = ...
. 53 69 , - ...
, , , / 2 ) MAY NOT BE NOT allowed to ... = ...
= will shall
, ,
3) MUST HAVE to ... ...= ...
can = , may = must =
~ BE to ... ... = ...
= ,

! be have
!
A
4) NEEDNT Dont/doesnt/didnt/wont NEED to

!

4
NB!
5 ,


-
( )! (= be able to ),

,
be have, (= be allowed to ).
!

(+ . . 90 !!!). !!!

88 89
 = BE = ( )
= , ; , (, )
(+ . 92) , / / ,
(+ . 94): / =
= BE HAVE!
AM = () , ,
c I; /:
ARE = , , ; 1 2
, , ; + + 2 1
, , ; you, we, they = I + WAS + allowed TO + swim.
, , ; w w

. ; + + = I + HAD TO + leave
IS = , , ,
he, she, it 2- be have
!!!
; (2- = !).
WAS* = , ,
w
I, he, she, it, ( )

; :
WERE* = , ,
w
you, we, they
1+2 1 2

+ + = I + WILL + BE able TO + run.
; w
WILL BE = ///// / 2 1 1 2

w
; + + = He + WILL + HAVE to + leave.
///// w
-, - -.
. + + + , ...
He + WOULD + BE ALLOWED TO + swim if ...
* was were w w ...

2- = = = =
be = .
90 91
 = , , , - (
HAVE = , to ) ,
BE to / HAVE to = ... ....
...,
...
be have,
...,
,
: -
!!!

(= 2- !!!): !!!
WAS/ WERE; HAD;
w w

.
: , be
(am, is, are, was, were, will be),
AM / IS / ARE; HAVE/ HAS;
, have (must = have to),

have
: (have, has, had, will have) !!!
WILL BE; WILL HAVE.
w w to + be , =
= + (= !)

3 (. 89) : ( , ...?,
...?),
have be to ,

!!!: , , .

= He HAS TO go
( )
O = I A TO go

What + AM I TO + do? = + + ? (: ?).
w
Kurt Russel
. (!)

92 93
 2 = You ARE + NO black cats.

(= 2) ,
/// /-/- = I/he/she/it WAS there
o
( ) /// = We/you/they/cats WERE there.

//////// =
!!!
= ... WILL BE there.

( BE , !
, , ?).

, : be

!.
.
:
,
= I AM in the forest. , ...

:
!!!
be
,
C !!!
/
()
( , , , :
/ -
18 1 2 2 1
): I AM that white elephant AM I that white elephant?

, You ARE + NO black cats ARE you NO black cats?

I/he/she/it WAS there WAS ... there?
, !!!
We/you/they/cats WERE there! WERE ... there?
= I AM that white elephant.
w 1 2 3 2 1 3
... WILL BE there! WILL ... BE there?
= She IS our mother.
/

94 95
 be Youre no t You arent
be: = / ...

ISNT she lovely? = () ( ) ?. Hes not He isnt

= ...
( ).
Shes no t She isnt
= ...
NB!

, Its no t It isnt
= ...
,

C , Were no t

We arent
= ...
w w
be ()
Theyre no t They arent
: = ...

1 2 1 2 ... was no t ... wasnt
= ... ...
WHO + ARE you? = + () ? w w

... were no t ... werent
= ... ...
WHERE + IS this tree? = + ? w w
w ... have no t ... havent
= ... ...

WHEN + WAS she there? = + ?
w w ... has no t ... hasnt
= ... ...

... had no t

... hadnt
= ... ...
be,
() = NOT ... will no t have ... wont have
= ... ...
be (), w w

+NT !!!
,
be have,

(Not am : !!!
I an no t a student! = !.

96 97
, + That is why + I HAVE TO
NO, w
!!! , work in our library,
w

NOT/+NT where IM ALLOWED TO
( , (= ) w
, , isnt, dont . .), . use their computer.

ANY,
+ I + SHOULD
, ,
, , make some money
:
, TO buy any computer,
() (-)!

IM NO crook! = I AM NOT + ANY crook!
+ o but + until now
= !
+ / I + COULDNT
NOT :
Im NOT there! = ! find ANY

She is NOT ugly! = ! . decent job.

I.
3
( 55 !): , ,
, I CANNOT work at home !
w

because
1 2 3 4
+ . I HAVE NO + computer. There + is/are/was/were/will be + - + -,
!

98 99
 , II.
- ////
,
!!! be !!! :

+BODY = =

{
there
+ONE = w =
there ! = EVERY+ +THING = =
+TIME = =
+WHERE = w = ,
!!!
+PLACE = =
()
= There is + a lot of people + there.
:
+BODY = =
-

+ = There is NOBODY + there.

3 1

2 1

3
+ + = There is + a cat + on the table.
{
+ONE
= SOME + +THING
+TIMES
+WHERE
=
=
=
=
w


w
=
-
=
-
=

=
-,
-
+PLACE = = -,
-
+ + = There is NO + cat + on the table. 1) Some-
There isnt ANY + cat + on the table. -
-: -, -, -/
+ + . - !!!;
There was + a big computer + there.
2) -one ,
w
;
+ (= ) + = 3) -place .
= There were + many dogs + in the yard.
w :

+ + + = EVERYBODY + loves my body now ....

= There will be + a lot of money + in my pockets + tomorrow.
w + ...
( ).
100 101

+ ..
1

. HAVE + been + .. HAVE + been + being +

HAVE + been + ..
BE + being + ..

. ****

(l):
BE + ..**

( . )
.

* (.. )
:

BE HAVE:
*

: WAS, WERE.

(2- ) HAD;

: AM, IS, ARE.

4
2

3
4 3 .

2-

HAVE, HAS;
+(e)S
.:

.: WILL +

BE + ..***

HAVE + ..

:
.: +(e)D

WILL BE.
WILL HAVE;
:

** .. = ()

(. 107).
:
) +(e)D (. 104),
:

) 3- (.165);

. . .
!

..

*** .. = ()

(. 116):
,
}
, .
() +ING.

,
:

**** ,
.

-
-
-


,

:
-

1.

2.

3.

4.
!!!
102 103
 4. . = yesterdy
= the day before yesterday
( 15 ).
= recently
3 +(e)S ( 2005 = in the year 2005 2005
!) 8 (. 153-154), - () = last
() = last time

= last Friday
. = last Christmas
= last week w
, = last month
= last spring
... = last year
= last autumn (.)
= last fall (.)
5 = 5 minutes ago
4- = +(e)D

( -, -, - ( -
), = all day long ,
2 : !)

1) T 2- ,
2-
, (= +()D
: . 109 165 + ).

punish punisheD = ().
2 :

- ) ,
, 2- 2- (= +(e)D )
(= +()D 2- !
, )
, , IF ...
( , , !):
/ + + + ,
: IF + I + purchaseD + this house,

104 105
 ! () , = IF he comeS ;

-:

= IF I paintED
!
= IF I WERE there W
if 2) , +(e)D,
, ,

be

were.
+ 3- = ,
, + .
I would drink vodka IF + I HAD it. , - ,
w ,
= 2- !
,
- :
: ..., + ( = it!).
repair repairED = /-,
NB ! .
IF
+D --
if - /, /,
, - /, /, ..
I He
,
WAS (= 2- !):
: ,
+ , ... = IF + I WAS there ... w : /,

) if

will shall, , :

if punishED = , / (= /),
/, /, / . .
:
/ (= +()D)
, = IF we PAY 90% ,
w
!!!
106 107
: 178
=
.
Pete PAINTED this wall w (= 2- ),
(painted = ). (= 3- )
:
(: 1- .: 2- .: 3- .:
, + . be was/were been).
A wall PAINTED + by Pete w
( painted = ). , 178 - !!!

By = : 2- 3- /
(. 165 + ).
by me = ,
by him = (?), 1-
by my father = . . 1- = ( , ),
2- 2- (= ),

3- (?!) 3-
. .
(= )

!
(= 2- )
(= 3- )
, ,
( ) .
+()D.
--, !!!
+S, , !!!

() : 178 ;
(-) = I paintEd 22 , 3
(. 165);
NB! 28 ,
().
+D !!!

108 109
:

51 , 2- 3- (?) () /
(1- 2- = 3- = 3- ,
find found = found =
= /); , ,
!!!;
+ 77 , 3
(1- 2- 3-
write wrte written = 3) , 51 3- =
/ /). = /

= 128 .
51- !!!
: + . . 162.
1) 1- (?!) . .2 ,
, !!!;
?
4) -
( 3- =
?); = () ()

2)
, ( ),

() 128 : ,
/, /, /, / ..
(= 128 3- = 77 = 2-
= 128
77 ( ?)!
(. .. ) ,

( !) !!!
,

) ? . . 157.

110 111
 !!! , be!!!

3: + + = The book + WAS + written.
= + .
1) (= +(e)D)
+ + = The book + WILL BE + written,
6- +LY , = + . w
(), :
. .;
hurry hurriED hurriedLY

, . *) (+ . . 119).

( )
( !
1 (+ . . 102).
) being ,
) . (= ing!!!),
/: :

= , ( ) ,
BE + WRITTEN / . .:
+ =

=
That picture + WAS BEING painted + at that particular time.
( !!!)? w
-? + + .
= + + ...
) .

:
/ /-
! , ( !)
3-
WAS/ WERE (.)
+ { AM/ IS/ ARE (.)
WILL BE (.)
+
(=
)

!!!
, - -
!!!
/ ( ) /
112 113
1- ( . 102 104). l
(= ! = :
= One-Time Actions).
WILL + ...
, ,
().
( , 3 !),
+ LIVE LIVES
().
-/-, (! !), +(e)D
( ().
)
= !:
.

(= 2- ): -
(+ . 104):
+(e)D
= usually = generally

2- : = now = today
/ =
= Yesterday I PAINTED/ATE that egg; = always , = every day
/ w
= often = daily
:
+(e)S: = rarely = sometimes

/ / = = seldom = once a month
= I/he EAT/S one egg every day. w
/ / w
= nowadays
! = I always REMEMBER everything!
w + /

every ... = ... (every Friday . .):

: WILL/SHALL + :
We + SAW + this elephant + every morning.
= I WILL EAT one egg tomorrow. w
w w + + + .

114 115
 :
+ING (, smokING)
/ :
( ).
1) ();
, +ING ,

.
2)
3)
();
()
}
!

, NO SMOKING =
: 3- !!!: = .

) N- !!!
=
= +ing ,
!!!: -D = !!!!!,
smoke smoking = ;
-ING = !!!!!

) -
= !!!
= +ing !!!
smoke smoking = 3:
walk walking = !!!!!!!
w w () ING
ride riding = ; ()
3
(= !!!).
) , +ING
ING :
,
2) , +S,

:
( , ) =
: ING .: . :
= +ing !!!: bless blessing blessingS
smoke smoking =
walk walking = , . .

116 117
 : !!!

3) ING ,
,
(6- =) +LY !!!,
: ING =
: ING : :
seem seeming seemingLY .

; , + . . 150 !!!
-,
. . 2- ( . 102) = 2:

,
! .
(= = Prolonged Actions).
!!!
, , ,
o/
+Y : (= ...)
cloud cloudY /
(= ... ..., ..., ),
. -
,

NB. NB !!!
( ) -,
3 (= , ).
ING

,
4 : , !!!
1) , 2) 3-4) ,
:
1) ;
+ 2)3) 2 3 ( ,
( . . 131), ),
, ,
/ 3- .
118 119
 (= c ING !!!) = , ,
,
= 2
, ,
(= ...),
, , :

be !!!
!!!
: be asleep = ,
(): be tired = ,
: be late = ,
.. (. . 163)
(+ . 113),
ING , ?
- (= = +ing)!:

(= 2- be + ING): ING

2-
!!!
5 7 =
= Yesterday from 5 till 7 I WAS WRITING. (+ . . 163)

w , - ,
= ; , ,
- ..!
: ,



. / ... !!!
AT THIS PARTICULAR MOMENT I AM WRITING. (= Indicating words)
:
= ;
right now =
: all (day, month .) long (, ) =

5 7 + . = (, .)

Tomorrow from 5 till 7 I + WILL BE WRITING. at this (particular) moment =

= () = () ...

from ... till ... ... ...
= ... ..., ... ... .
120 121
 , -
, = When he came in I = ,
(: ) -
, , ,
, = WAS wet, = ,
(=
BE + ING ), , = happy =
,
! = and cryING! = !

(3 ) ( 3
ing
, !!!
!!!)

.. ,
, (-!)
2.
,
) .
,
( ) !!!
( = ING!!!).
:
( )

BE + WRITING
= + =
be:
= =
!!!
, , - - ,
We ARE smoking =
-!!!
w (= ).
= +ing

, We WERE smoking =
!!! w W (= ).

! We WILL BE smoking =
, w W (= );
...:
122 123
) . :

2 game = a GAME hall = ,

+
, = 1,
hall = , , a HALL game = ;
= ( )

= +ING. border = , a BORDER state =

+ = (-) ,
:
state = , a STATE border =
= ;
spring = , , SPRING water =
WAS/ WERE (.) +ING
+ { AM/ IS/ ARE (.)
WILL BE (.)
+ (=
).
+
water w = , a WATER spring =
= ,

= .

( ) be

( !) , :
, , army + division = army division
+ = .
(, , , , , ..)
, ...///- ,
, !:
- - ... house + number = house number
+ = !

Street + name = ,
..
..!
,
! () , :
. mail () + box () = MAILBOX
+ = .

, , ING ,
, , :
dining-hall =
, smoking area = .
124 125
 2- :

He + HAS + STOLEN + this car

3- ( . 102).
= + * + ( . * ).
= 3
= =
(= = BY-Actions). He + WILL HAVE STOLEN + this car = + +
+ . 150 !!! + .

, ,
) .
-,
?
, ?
1- :

We HAVE + already prepareD + everything. ( ?)

w
+ + .
!!! , ...,
, ...!!!
= = 3- . (
I HAVE + WRITTEN + a book !)
= + + = . (, . .
!).
:

= 3- buy = * ( have
He HAS + BOUGHT + some paper = . = have has)

= + + . , :
=

He HAS + LIVED + 1) + 10
, ,

,
in this house
for 10 years already
} = ;
2) + ...
,
: + + ( ) ;

!!!
for = .
126 127
) . ( ,
have/has had will have).
:
,
3-
+ { HAD (.)
HAVE/ HAS (.)
WILL HAVE (.)
+ (=
)
( )
-
, , .

have


(: have ) ( , )
, , ! (!)
,
have:
,
= ,

: (= 2- = had + 3- ):

5.00

+ + + . 5 .
He + HAD + WRITTEN + that book. I HAD + COOKED that soup yesterday BY 5 oclock;
5
5.00
:
+ + + .
+ ...;
He + WILL HAVE + WRITTEN + that book;
w
:
.. 10
, - - ( =
- , H = ).
,
, I HAVE + LIVED in this house for 10 years already.

:
+ ...;
3 !

128 129
 : .

5 . (+ . . 102) =
I WILL HAVE + COOKED that soup BY 5 oclock tomorrow. = 4.
w 5
: -
+ .... ,
, ..!!!

,
) .
(= 3 = ), /
. /

, - , ,
,
!!! (. . 102): (= ING Prolonged BY-Action)
4- (. 131).
. .
!
I HAVE/He HAS/HAD/WILL HAVE + BEEN + .
= 3- be !, 3

I. :
2 :
: )
I HAVE/He HAS/HAD BEEN + PAINTED = / /. BEEN = 3- be,
, ,
I WILL HAVE BEEN + PAINTED = . . ;
: ) ING

II. (. 131):
( ,
I HAVE/ He HAS BEEN + PAINTING = / .

).
I HAD BEEN + PAINTING = .
I WILL HAVE BEEN + PAINTING = ( , ,
( ). )
( 3 ..!). have:

130 131
 .
!!!

I HAVE + BEEN WAITING + for this money + all my life!
,

w Leonardo di Caprio ,
+ + !

= + + ... =
-, 3 :

(all my life), I HAVE BEEN in prison for 6 years = 6
(= have) !!!
(.. ... ),

. you FREED me =
( ),
have (have/ has had will have)
, and now you ARE ASKING me =
, , ( ! )

(= ) ! to enter another prison. = .

(
= = ... have ... !!!).
!!!

+ (= ) + 5 .
By that time + I will have + been waiting + for 5 hours already.
w w

, :

will have + been+ waiting !

:
(= ).

132 133
 5.00 / = I had +

1) =
:

2- (= +(e)D ):

{ 5 7

5.00

/ = I will +

+ counted/eaten.
/ =
= I will be counting/eating.

+ have counted/eaten;

... / = I counted/ate 3) WILL + ;
{
{
= 2- . = WILL be + ...ing;
WILL have + 3- :
5 7
7.34 } / = I was* + ... / = I will + count/eat.

{
+ counting/eating. ...

5 7
5.00 / = I had* +

* WAS HAD = 2- ;
+ counted/eaten.
7.34

} / =
= I will be + counting/eating.

+S,
5.00 / =
2)
= { WAS/WERE/WILL be. = I will have + counted/eaten.

= AM / IS / ARE + ...ing; ,
... = HAVE / HAS / WILL have + 3- :

... / = count/eat ...
I

{
2- (1- )
/ = I am +
be / have ( ).
+ counting/eating.
/ = I am + ( )
+ counting/eating.
5 7 / = I was + 3- ING
+ counting/eating.

= I have + ( ) !!!
(= ) + counted/eaten.

134 135

+ 2- = + :
.
You + SHOULD + BE LIVING + here.

+ + + .
( )


() , + 3- = + :
I + COULD + HAVE EATEN + this soup.
,
, , , + + () + .

???
+ 4- = + :
( ).
I + MIGHT + HAVE BEEN WAITING + for you all my life.
w
C . + +
+ .


+ ...:

, , -
+ : :

I + CAN + BE killED. We + SHOULD + BE THINKING + about some drinking!.

w
+ + (-) = . : ?!.

+ 1- = + !: :
I + COULD + HAVE DANCED + all night,
I + CAN + READ + any English book. And + COULD + HAVE BEGGED + for more!.

+ + + .
+ + + ,
+ + + !.

136 137
 NB 1!


( ). ,

1) -
1: :
, ! = I know (that) he said it!


= 2- , , = I will never believe
(that) he said such a thing.
( would ).
, .
: I have heard (that) he is coming back;

- : ,
() NB 2!
(),
, .
-
. , -
l m ,
I THOUGHT (that) I + WAS GETTING MAD. :
w
, / = I read that drinking IS not good for health.
= , .
, .
. .. We didnt know what time the film usually BEGINS.
: w w
.
, = I asked what his name was.
w w 2) =

, () . = :
I told him (that) he was allowed to do this.
w , = I told him + I would come.
w

138 139
 , + + . :
I always thoughT (that) + I WOULD become + a pilot. , ( ) + + .
w () W I knew she + HAD TOLD + him this.

, + + .
You never suspecteD (that) he + WOULD betray + you. , + + -.
() W We knew they + WOULDNT speak + English.
, . w w
He didnt know (that) he WOULD regret about it all his life.
() W , + + .
We were told (that) they + WOULD be + hungry.
(= + + ) w w w
, + + .
I didnt expect (that) + I WOULD HAVE TO + leave. , + + .
() W I said (that) I + WOULDNT GO + there.
w
, , ,
, + .
I hoped they + WOULDNT tell him.
w
-,

(= ):
... W ... = ... WOULD ...,
will! Heres the postcard I THOUGHT I WOULD never SEND.
w
, , , () , () .
(l)
... that ... = ..., ..., ..., ... NB.
,
.. ! !

:
5 ,
( )
, + + . !
I knew (that) she + WOULD tell + him this.
w !!!

140 141
 5)
. whether w ( if ) = ... ...;

/ 6)
. 1- (= )
to ;

7) Dont
. e not.

7 , 2
Dont ... not to ....
, ,
( :
) :
She said to me: She told me (that)
1) say tell We will leave we would leave
( say tell); tomorrow the next day.
2) , ; They asked us: They asked us + whether (: if)
Have you we had
3) (= ) read the book? = read the book.

(= ) You asked me: = You asked me
; Where = where
do you I
4) : go? went.
will would He said to her: He told her
this that Come to come
these those to me! to him.
now then
today that day She said to me: She told me
yesterday the day before Dont not to
tomorrow the next day kiss her! = kiss her.
ago before

here there;

142 143
 .

. -,
, (= )
( , ): +th ,
:
4 = four = four+TH .
DO you know him? YES, I DO! NO, I DONT !
,
DOES she know him? YES, she DOES! NO, she DOESNT !

DID they write this? YES, they DID! NO, they DIDNT !
+th
WILL they come? YES, they WILL! NO, they WONT! ( - !!!):
CAN she do this? YES, she CAN! NO, she CANNOT! 24 = twenty four =
= twenty fourTH.
HAVE you a friend? YES, I HAVE! NO, I HAVENT!
w
HAS she a book? YES, she HAS! NO, she HASNT!
- (7 ):
HAD they any money? YES, they HAD NO, they HADNT!
(the) first = ,
WILL we have a lunch? YES, we WILL! NO, we WONT! (the) second = ,
(the) third = ,
IS our cat there? YES, it IS! NO, it ISNT!
(the) fifth = ,
WERE our cats there? YES, they WERE! NO, they WERENT! (the) eighth = ,
(the) ninth = ,
WILL our cats be there? YES, they WILL! NO, they WONT! (the) twelfth w = .

: (the ...) ? 10 . !
DONT you read it? YES, I DO! NO, I DONT!

ISNT she there? YES, she IS! NO, she ISNT! , , :

WONT you come? YES, I WILL! NO, I WONT! ,

CANT they play? YES, they CAN! NO, they CANT! =
.. +th .

144 145
 : -R , :
= big biggER,
= nice nicER ..
, , - -
,
!!!: ( , ),
, 3, ,
+ + . !!!
Ill take + THE thirty sevenTH + book.
,
-, :

... = MORE ... :
THE ! :
= MORE tireD
=
:
= MORE interestING.
- ... ...,
+ + . ()
( +th 6-) +EST ,

1927 -
15- , THE ... ( . .),
, : -, , ,
THE fifteen millionTH !!! , ...!

. (= +),
- - - , 3
- ... ... = (the) MOST ...
+ :
... = THE nicEST ...
: +ER, =
= THE MOST interestING ...
+ER , =
146 147
:
far farther the farthest
= THE MOST tireD ...
, :
= . further the furthest

, ,
NB.
10 , old elder the eldest
.
, ,
, ,
,
14 = 14 ,
10 .
!!!:

- E : old
older = the oldest = ,
well, good better the best
w, ,
, .


bad, evil worse the worst
:
, w w
, , ,
+ , + .
This house + is BIGGER + than that (one).
many, much more the most w
,
, , , + , + .
ee She reads + WORSE + than my brother.
less the least w
few, little

,
, oe oe, + .
o
ee, This is THE BEST + restaurant in the city.

148 149
 !!!

,
,
,

,
.

1)
,
( )
ING .
, ,
, , -,
(, ,
) = Continuous Progressive.
, :

- :

!!!;

2) - ,
- ,

= Perfect.
:
+ +

- :
+ + !!!

150