Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
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COMPUTER PERSONNEL
copiled by
ADI SURYANA
NIM. 160511012
Teknik Informatika
EA1
First to all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, writer
finished writing the paper entitled Computer Personnel right in the calculated
time.
The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment the given by
Mr. Arofah Firdaus ,M.Pd as English lecturer.
In arranging this paper, the writer trully get lots challenges and
obstructions but with help of many indiviuals, those obstructions could passed.
writer also realized there are still many mistakes in process of writing this paper.
Because of that, the writer says thank you to all individuals who helps in
the process of writing this paper. hopefully allah replies all helps and bless you
all.the writer realized tha this paper still imperfect in arrangment and the content.
then the writer hope the criticism from the readers can help the writer in
perfecting the next paper.last but not the least Hopefully, this paper can helps the
readers to gain more knowledge about information technology.
Compiler
adi suryana
NIM.160511012
1
TABLE LIST OF CONTENT
PREFACE.......................................................................................................... i
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................... 1
1.1. Background...................................................................................... 1
1.3. Destination....................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION............................................................................ 3
3.1. Conclusion........................................................................................ 15
3.2. Advice............................................................................................... 15
REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 35
2
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
The term information technology became popular in the late 70s. In the
past the term information technology commonly called computer technology or
electronic data processing (electronic data processing) The technology is defined
as technology of information processing and dissemination of data using hardware
(hardware) and software (software), computer, communications, and digital
electronics.
1
customers in number thousands and even possibly in the millions and tens of
millions. We need a special communication means such as advertising. Because
advertising in a series of efforts made every businessman is a marketing tool
motion field actually engaged in mass communication.
1.3. Destination
The formulation of the problem that can be drawn from this discussion is:
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2
The term comes from the word Compute computer, which means to count.
That is, each process is executed by the computer is the process of mathematical
calculation. So whatever is done by a computer, both the appearance on the
screen, sound, images and other processed in a way of calculating electronically.
Personal computer is what most of us use every day for work or personal
use. A common PC system unit includes a monitor, keyboard and mouse. The
personal computer allows us to write the textbook / papers / theses, create
spreadsheets, track finances, play games, and do other things. If a PC connected to
the Internet, can be used to browse, check Web e-mail, communicate with friends
via instant messaging programs, and downloading files. PC has become an
integral part of our lives that may be difficult to imagine life without them.
3
computer repairs are frequently performed by experienced and certified
technicians who have little formal training in the field.
The repair of problems can range from a minor setting that is incorrect, to
spyware, viruses, and as far as replacing hardware or an entire operating system.
Some technicians provide on-site services usually at an hourly rate. Others can
provide services off-site, where the client can drop off at the repair shop. Some
have pickup and drop off services for convenience. Some may also take back old
equipment for recycling (In the EU, this is required under WEEE rules).
Computer scientists, are the designers, creators, and inventors of new technology.
When working with virtual reality, scientists use technology to create life-
like situations. For example, scientists may invent video games that make users
4
feel like they are actually in the game. Computer scientists working with robotics
try to create machines that can perform tasks on their ownwithout people
controlling them. Robots perform many tasks, such as sweeping floors in peoples
homes, assembling cars on factory production lines, and auto-piloting airplanes.
5
o Identical terminology should be used in prompts, menus, and help
screens.
o for every user action, the system should respond in some way (in web
design, this can be accomplished by DHTML - for example, a button
will make a clicking sound or change color when clicked to show the
user something has happened)
o Design the form so that users cannot make a serious error; for
example, prefer menu selection to form fill-in and do not allow
alphabetic characters in numeric entry fields.
6
o Segment long forms and send sections separately so that the user is not
penalized by having to fill the form in again - but make sure you
inform the user that multiple sections are coming up.
o A famous study suggests that humans can store only 7 (plus or minus
2) pieces of information in their short term memory. You can reduce
short term memory load by designing screens where options are clearly
Prevent Errors - The third principle is to prevent errors whenever possible. Steps
can be taken to design so that errors are less likely to occur, using methods such as
organizing screens and menus functionally, designing screens to be distinctive and
making it difficult for users to commit irreversible actions. Expect users to make
errors, try to anticipate where they will go wrong and design with those actions in
mind.
Norman's Research
7
Use both knowledge in the world and knowledge in the head. Knowledge in the
world is overt - we don't have to overload our short term memory by having to
remember too many things (icons, buttons and menus provide us with knowledge
in the world - we don't have to remember the command for printing, it's there in
front of us). On the other hand, while knowledge in the head may be harder to
retrieve and involves learning, it is more efficient for tasks which are used over
and over again (providing a command key sequence like Control P for Print is an
example of this).
"Make it easy to determine what actions are possible at any moment (make use of
constraints)" ([1] p. 188). For example:
"Make things visible, including the conceptual model of the system, the
alternative actions and the results of actions" ([1] p. 188). You can provide an
overview map of your site so that your user can design their own mental map of
how things work.
"Make it easy to evaluate the current state of the system" ([1] p. 188). You can do
that by providing feedback in the form of messages or flashing buttons.
"Follow natural mappings between intentions and the required actions, between
actions and the resulting effect; and between the information that is visible and the
interpretation of the system state" ([1] p. 188). For example:
8
The underlined phrase on a web page is a well-known clue that a
link is present. From past experience, users understand that
clicking on an underlined phrase should take them somewhere else.
"In other words, make sure that (1) the user can figure out what to do, and (2) the
user can tell what is going on."
All the salesmen were on a fairly low basic rate of pay, and then that was
supplemented by commission on what they sold.
They were very tough though, if you didn't perform their minimum
amount of sales then you were out.
They were also unfair, if the store went though a quiet period, then the
minimum sales amount the salesmen were expected to make went up. Obviously
its a lot harder to make sales in the quieter time of year, than it is around christmas
say, so it was much more difficult than by putting the targets up by the same
amount then.
They also pushed you to hit ridiculous targets with the insurance
(coverplan) they sold. For example, you had to try and sell 15 insurance on a 17
joystick, and get a minimum number of policies sold. This was near impossible, as
if you break the joystick you go and buy another one, you don't take out insurance
on it that costs the same amount again!
Form factor
Before installing a computer motherboard, ensure with the case that the
motherboard is going to be installed into that it supports the form factor of
your motherboard. Today, you will find that the majority of available
computer motherboards are either ATX / MicroATX.
9
Additional information about motherboard and the form factors can be
found on our motherboard help page.
Before installing the computer motherboard ensure that all the jumpers or
dipswitches have been set properly. While generally these jumpers /
dipswitches can be changed when the motherboard has been installed, it is
generally easier to adjust the settings while the motherboard is outside of
the case.
New motherboards today will have the jumpers generally set as auto,
allowing either the BIOS or the software to setup the proper settings for
the CPU / Memory and other settings. If the motherboard supports this
feature, ensure that the jumpers are set as auto. If you wish to manually
adjust the settings for your peripherals, ensure that they are the correct
values. While it is possible to 'overclock' a system, it is recommended that
first the values be the real values of the system to ensure the system works
before tampering with its settings.
Once the jumpers have been verified, if pegs / standoffs are not installed
into the computer, insert these attachments now to the case. These are
required to help prevent the motherboard from shorting out and must be
installed.
When installing the pegs / standoffs ensure that they are inserted into the
proper holes in the case. Many cases will support different form factors
that allow for different motherboards to be installed. If the pegs are not
placed in the proper holes this could cause damage to the motherboard if
turned on. Generally, the holes on the case will have a small indication of
what the holes are for; for example, a hole may have the words ATX listed
next to it to indicate the hole is for an ATX motherboard.
10
As the peg / standoff is being installed, ensure that they are installed firmly
into the case to help prevent issues such as the pegs coming loose when
unscrewing the screw from the peg.
Motherboard Installation
Once the pegs have been firmly attached, if a back plate is on the
computer, ensure it has been removed. Next, place the motherboard in the
case; when placing the motherboard in the case ensure that you align the
back of the motherboard with the back of the case. As the motherboard is
being placed in the computer align the holes in the motherboards with the
pegs / standoffs that were attached earlier.
Once aligned, begin placing screws into the motherboard that should then
be held by the peg / standoff. Note: when screwing in the screw you do not
want the screw to be extremely tight; if too tight it could cause the
motherboard to crack. However, the screw should be in enough to hold the
motherboard in place.
If not already installed, install the below necessary components into the
computer:
CPU
Memory
Power Supply
Once the motherboard has been successfully physically installed into the
computer, the Fpanel, short for front panel, must be connected. This panel
controls such things as the power button, reset button, hard disk drive
light, power light, etc
Unfortunately, the setup of this panel can be confusing at first, even with
the instructions provided from the Motherboard manufacturer. Below are
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steps and additional information and help with successfully connecting the
cables to this connector.
3. The cables will generally consist of a red, green, blue, white or other
color cable with a black cable. This may vary, the important thing
to remember is that the black cable or the dark color of the cable is
ground or '-'
4. Generally, most cases have a separate cable for each setting, but
some computers now will have all of these cables as one large
connector. If the computer has one large connector it is likely it will
5. Finally, the computer WILL NOT boot if some of the cables are not
properly connected. If you are unable to turn on the computer or
receive a NO POST, this is one of the first things we recommend
you check when attempting to install a motherboard.
Connect Cables
Once the front panel cables appear to have been successfully connected,
connect the other cables in the below order.
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1. Connect the main motherboard power cable coming from the power
supply to the motherboard. Note: it is very important that this cable
is properly connected to the computer. If improperly connected, this
will likely destroy the motherboard. Today, ATX and other new
motherboard form factors have a keyed power supply connector
allowing the cable to only go in one way.
3. Connect the power cables from the power supply to the drives in the
BIOS setup
Once the Motherboard has been successfully physically installed and connected
into the computer, place the case back onto the computer and connect the
keyboard, monitor and power to the computer (we recommend that you do not
connect all the cables yet, if problems are experienced you may have to
disconnect all the cables again).
Once the computer successfully boots, enter BIOS setup as the computer is
booting to set all of the values not automatically detected. We recommend you
check or set the below values.
1. CPU settings; ensure the proper speed - voltage etc is properly set
accordingly to the CPU.
3. Drives; ensure that the floppy, hard disk drive and CD-ROM drive are
properly setup.
13
4. If onboard video / modem / NIC / sound card is present and you wish to
have these devices disabled for new video / modem / NIC / sound card
disable these devices now.
5. Check other settings such as the time, date, COM ports, etc.
Once everything has been properly detected / setup, save the settings and exit /
reboot the computer.
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CHAPTER III
CLOSING
3.1. Conclusion
The parts of a computer that includes a VGA card, casing, power supply,
processor, motherboard, keyboard, mouse, and monitor. Analysis of most
computers is not too bad, although there was partially damaged. Perhaps because
of the use of students who are not good.
3.2. Advice
With this paper I hope the reader can recognize a PC (Personal Computer) and
understand the meaning of a caring PC (Personal Computer). Fixed thorough,
skilled, and achieved satisfactory results. Of course not everyone can immediately
understand. However, we as human beings must learn if you want a change for the
better for ahead of tomorrow will come.
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3.3. Translation into Indonesia Paper
DATA STRUCTURE
KATA PENGANTAR
Satu untuk semua, terima kasih kepada Allah SWT karena bantuan
Allah, penulis selesai menulis makalah berjudul "Personil Komputer" tepat pada
waktunya.
Tujuan dalam penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk memenuhi tugas yang
diberikan oleh Bapak Arofah Firdaus, M.Pd sebagai dosen bahasa Inggris.
Dalam memebuat tulisan ini, penulis mendapatkan banyak tantangan dan
rintangan tetapi dengan bantuan dari banyak orang, rintangantersebutbisateratasi.
Penulis juga menyadari masih banyak kesalahan dalam proses penulisan makalah
ini.
Karena itu, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua orang yang
membantu dalam proses penulisan makalah ini. semoga Allah membalas semua
membantu dan memberkati kita semua. penulis menyadari makalah ini masih
tidak sempurna di pembuatan dan konten. maka penulis berharap kritik dari
pembaca dapat membantu penulis dalam menyempurnakan makalah ini.Dan yang
terahir, namun tidak sedikit Semoga, tulisansngkat ini membantu pembaca untuk
memperoleh lebih banyak pengetahuan tentang teknologi informasi.
NIM. 160511012
16
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................ i
DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................... ii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................. 1
1.1. LatarBelakang.................................................................................. 1
1.2. RumusanMasalah............................................................................. 2
1.3. Tujuan............................................................................................... 2
3.1. Kesimpulan....................................................................................... 15
17
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
Istilah teknologi informasi mulai populer di akhir tahun 70-an. Pada masa
sebelumnya istilah teknologi informasi biasa disebut teknologi komputer atau
pengolahan data elektronis (electronic data processing).Teknologi informasi
didefinisikan sebagai teknologi pengolahan dan penyebaran data menggunakan
perangkat keras (hardware) dan perangkat lunak (software), komputer,
komunikasi, dan elektronik digital.
Membicarakan perkembangan TIK dan globalisasi ekonomi ibarat
membicarakan dua sisi dari sebuah koin tunggal; keduanya menggambarkan dua
karakteristik penting perkembangan kemasyarakatan di penghujung abad ke-20.
Munculnya gagasan tentang information society ataupun knowledge-based society
memperlihatkan adanya upaya untuk melihat kedua sisi koin tersebut secara
serentak.
Meningkatnya permintaan dari sektor bisnis akan sarana untuk mengontrol
informasi, khususnya yang terkait dengan kegiatan produksi dan distribusi,
menjadi pemacu utama pengembangan aplikasi dari telematika (telematics). Di
awal perkembangannya (seabad yang lalu), aplikasi-aplikasi ini didorong oleh
kebutuhan-kebutuhan di sektor bisnis, seperti computer-aided design (CAD),
remote sensing devices, management information systems, dan data bases. Tetapi
baru pada era 1960-an teknologi komputer dan teknologi elektronik melebur
dengan teknologi broadcasting dan telekomunikasi berbasis kabel.
Dalam lingkungan bisnis ada aneka sarana komunikasi perdagangan yang
dapat dipergunakan para pengusaha untuk berkomunikasi dengan konsumen.
Sarana-sarana komunikasi perdagangan yang tersedia antara lain dalam wujud
pengirimin surat, pengiriman kawat, percakapan telepon, kunjungan pribadi dan
lain-lain.
Jenis-jenis sarana komunikasi perdagangan yang disebut tadi hanya sesuai
bilamana dipergunakan dalam daerah pemasaran barang dan jasa yang ruang
18
lingkuupnya terbatas. Untuk berkomunikasi dalam daerah pemasaran yang sangat
luas, dimana calon konsumen kita jumlahnya beribu-ribu bahkan mungkin
mencapai jutaan dan puluhan juta. Kita memerlukan sarana komunikasi yang
khusus seperti periklanan. Karena periklanan dalam rangkaian usaha yang
dilakukan setiap pengusaha merupakan suatu alat pemasaran yang bidang
geraknya justru bergerak dalam komunikasi masa.
Arti penting teknologi komputer adalah dalam kehadiran teknologi
komputer telah mampu mendorong percepatan proses komunikasi, seperti
komunikasi lewat komputer.
1.2. RumusanMasalah
1. Apa Hanya sedikit orang yang terlibat dalam pekerjaan konstruksi
komputer?
1.3. Tujuan
Rumusan masalah yang dapat ditarik dari diskusi ini adalah:
1. Garis yang dimaksud dengan Hanya sedikit orang yang terlibat dalam
pekerjaan konstruksi komputer
2. Garis apa yang dimaksud dengan Teknisi tidak peduli dengan penelitian
19
20
BAB II
PEMBAHASAN
21
2.2 TEKNISI TIDAK PEDULI DENGAN PENELITIAN
22
Ilmuwan komputer, adalah desainer, pencipta, dan penemu teknologi baru.
Ilmuwan komputer melakukan penelitian tentang beragam topik. Contohnya
termasuk arsitektur komputer hardware, virtual reality, dan robotika. Para
ilmuwan yang meneliti arsitektur hardware menemukan cara-cara baru untuk
komputer untuk memproses dan mengirimkan informasi. Mereka merancang chip
komputer dan prosesor, menggunakan bahan-bahan baru dan teknik untuk
membuat mereka bekerja lebih cepat dan memberi mereka kekuatan komputasi
yang lebih.
KOMPUTER
23
pengguna pemula, berpengetahuan tapi intermiten pengguna dan ahli sering
pengguna. Setiap jenis pengguna mengharapkan tata letak layar untuk
mengakomodasi keinginan mereka, siswa membutuhkan bantuan ekstensif, para
ahli ingin mendapatkan di mana mereka ingin pergi secepat mungkin.
Menampung kedua gaya pada halaman yang sama bisa sangat menantang. Anda
dapat mengatasi perbedaan pengguna dengan termasuk baik menu atau ikon
pilihan serta perintah (yaitu. Command atau Control P untuk Print serta ikon atau
menu entry), atau memberikan pilihan untuk kedua menu deskriptif penuh dan
perintah huruf .
24
o Urutan tindakan harus diatur ke dalam kelompok dengan awal,
tengah, dan akhir. Umpan balik informatif pada penyelesaian
sekelompok tindakan menunjukkan pengguna aktivitas mereka
telah selesai dengan sukses
25
Mencegah Kesalahan - Prinsip ketiga adalah untuk mencegah kesalahan bila
memungkinkan. Langkah yang dapat diambil untuk merancang sehingga
kesalahan cenderung terjadi, menggunakan metode seperti mengatur layar dan
menu fungsional, merancang layar menjadi khas dan membuat sulit bagi
pengguna untuk melakukan tindakan ireversibel. Berharap pengguna untuk
membuat kesalahan, cobalah untuk mengantisipasi di mana mereka akan salah dan
desain dengan tindakan-tindakan dalam pikiran.
Penelitian Norman
Salah satu peneliti yang telah berkontribusi banyak untuk bidang desain
antarmuka manusia-komputer Donald Norman. psikolog ini telah diambil
wawasan dari bidang desain produk industri dan diterapkan mereka untuk desain
antarmuka pengguna. Menurut Norman, desain harus:
"Membuat mudah untuk menentukan tindakan apa yang mungkin setiap saat
(memanfaatkan kendala)" ([1] p. 188). Sebagai contoh:
26
"Membuat sesuatu yang terlihat, termasuk model konseptual dari sistem, alternatif
tindakan dan hasil tindakan" ([1] p. 188). Anda dapat memberikan peta ikhtisar
dari situs Anda sehingga pengguna dapat merancang peta mental mereka sendiri
tentang bagaimana sesuatu bekerja.
"Memudahkan untuk mengevaluasi keadaan saat sistem" ([1] p. 188). Anda dapat
melakukannya dengan memberikan umpan balik dalam bentuk pesan atau tombol
berkedip.
"Ikuti pemetaan alami antara niat dan tindakan yang diperlukan, antara tindakan
dan efek yang dihasilkan, dan antara informasi yang terlihat dan interpretasi dari
sistem negara" ([1] p 188.). Sebagai contoh:
"Dengan kata lain, pastikan bahwa (1) pengguna dapat mencari tahu apa yang
harus dilakukan, dan (2) pengguna dapat memberitahu apa yang sedang terjadi."
Semua salesman berada di tingkat dasar yang cukup rendah dari gaji, dan
kemudian yang dilengkapi dengan komisi pada apa yang mereka dijual.
Mereka juga tidak adil, jika toko pergi meskipun masa tenang, maka
jumlah penjualan minimum salesman diharapkan untuk membuat naik. Jelas yang
banyak sulit untuk membuat penjualan dalam waktu yang lebih tenang tahun,
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daripada sekitar Natal mengatakan, jadi itu jauh lebih sulit daripada dengan
menempatkan target sampai dengan jumlah yang sama kemudian.
28
dimungkinkan untuk 'overclock' sistem, disarankan pertama nilai-nilai
menjadi nilai nyata dari sistem untuk memastikan sistem bekerja
sebelum merusak pengaturannya.
Instalasi motherboard
Setelah pasak telah terpasang dengan benar, jika piring kembali pada
komputer, pastikan itu telah dihapus. Selanjutnya, tempatkan
motherboard dalam kasus ini; ketika menempatkan motherboard dalam
kasus ini memastikan bahwa Anda menyelaraskan belakang
motherboard dengan belakang kasus ini. Seperti motherboard sedang
ditempatkan di komputer menyelaraskan lubang di motherboard
dengan pasak / standoffs yang terpasang sebelumnya.
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Setelah selaras, mulai menempatkan sekrup ke dalam motherboard
yang kemudian harus dipegang oleh pasak / kebuntuan. Catatan: ketika
bercinta di sekrup Anda tidak ingin sekrup menjadi sangat ketat; jika
terlalu ketat bisa menyebabkan motherboard retak. Namun, sekrup
harus dalam cukup untuk menahan motherboard di tempat.
30
memiliki semua kabel ini sebagai salah satu konektor besar. Jika
komputer memiliki satu konektor besar kemungkinan ia akan
pergi dalam satu cara. Penting untuk dicatat bahwa satu
konektor besar ini umumnya hanya ditemukan dengan komputer
OEM. Jika Anda memasang motherboard komputer baru ke dalam
kasus OEM sangat mungkin bahwa satu konektor besar tidak akan
Hubungkan Kabel
Setelah kabel panel depan tampaknya telah berhasil terhubung, hubungkan
kabel lainnya di bawah perintah.
Setup BIOS
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Setelah Motherboard telah berhasil secara fisik terpasang dan
terhubung ke komputer, menempatkan kasus kembali ke komputer dan
menghubungkan keyboard, monitor dan kekuatan untuk komputer
(kami sarankan Anda tidak menghubungkan semua kabel belum, jika
masalah yang dialami Anda mungkin harus memutuskan semua kabel
lagi).
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BAB III
PENUTUPAN
3.1. Kesimpulan
Kesimpulan makalah ini adalah sejarah tentang perkembangan computer
yang terdiri dari empat golongan besar, yaitu :
1. Peralatan manual: yaitu peralatan pengolahan data yang sangat sederhana, dan
faktor terpenting dalam pemakaian alat adalah menggunakan tenaga tangan
manusia.
2. Peralatan Mekanik: yaitu peralatan yang sudah berbentuk mekanik yang
digerakkan dengan tangan secara manual.
3. Peralatan Mekanik Elektronik: Peralatan mekanik yang digerakkan secara
otomatis oleh motor elektronik.
4. Peralatan Elektronik: Peralatan yang bekerjanya secara elektronik penuh
3.2. Saran
Dengan makalah ini saya harap para pembaca bisa mengenal PC
(Personal computer) dan memahami arti dari sebuah merawat PC (Personal
Computer). Tetap teliti, terampil, dan hasil yang memuaskan. Tentu tidak semua
orang langsung bisa mengerti. Namun, kita sebagai manusia haruslah belajar jika
menginginkan suatu perubahan yang lebih baik untuk menjelang hari esok yang
akan datang.
33
REFERENCES
1. http://aja-dibuka.blogspot.co.id/2013/06/computer-personnel_2281.html?
m=1
(Downloaded on 06 February 2017) by Hilda Azzahra Erlindita.
2. http://gigokah.blogspot.co.id/2013/03/komputer-personal-dan-komunikasi-
bisnis.html
(Downloaded on 06 February 2017) by Hilda Azzahra Erlindita.
3. http://rennetabengkulu.blogspot.co.id/2013/08/makalah-personal-
computer-pc.html
(Downloaded on 06 February 2017) by Hilda Azzahra Erlindita.
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