Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
TableII MusclesofFacialExpression Lecture3Monday10/15,10AM,Dr.Aschenbrenner
Muscle Action BranchofFacialn. (CNVII) Image
Frontalisportionisadifferentialindicatorofdifferent
Occipitofrontalis Temporalbranch(frontalis)
typesofneuropathye.g.,Bellspalsy(CNVIIpalsy)vs.
(epicranius) Post.auricularbr.(occipitalis)
cerebralhemisphericstroke(vascularetiology)
Closeseyelid;weaknesscauseseyetodryexcessively
Orbicularisoculi Zygomaticbranch
andcancontributetoconjunctivitis
Createthenasolabialfold(crease)whichflattens in
Zygomaticusmm. Buccalbranch
facialparalyticstates,e.g.,Bellspalsyandstroke
Orbicularisoris pursesthelips Buccalbranch
Raisescornersofmouth;Ifweakorparalyzed
Levatorangulioris followingstoke,willcausedroolingofsalivafromthe Buccalbranch
cornerofthemouth
Mastication;notamuscleoffacialexpression,but
Buccinator classifiedassuchduetoembryologicaloriginand Buccalbranch
innervation
Marginalmandibularbranch
Platysma Tensesneck
Cervicalbranch
Upperperioralmm. Raiselips Buccalbranch
Lowerperioralmm. Lowerlips Marginalmandibularbranch
Forehead/Temple ParotidnodesSuperficialcervicalnodesDeepcervicalnodes
Nose/Upperlip SubmandibularnodesSuperficialcervicalnodesDeepcervicalnodes
Lowerlip(lateral) SubmandibularnodesSuperficialcervicalnodesDeepcervicalnodes
Buccal(facial)nodesSubmandibularnodesSuperficialcervicalnodesDeepcervical
Cheek
nodes
OccipitalnodesDeepcervicalnodes
Posteriorscalp
Retroauricular(mastoid)nodesDeepcervicalnodes
2
10/23/20074:22PM NervousSystemPracticalIReviewTables byDMFA
TableV CervicalTriangles Lecture3Monday10/15,10AM,Dr.Aschenbrenner
Triangle Borders Images
Lowerborderofmandible,anteriorand
Submandibular
posteriorbelliesofdigastricusm.
Anterior
Omohyoidm.,sternocleidomastoidm.,
Carotid
posteriorbellyofdigastricusm.
Bilateralanteriorbelliesofdigastricusm.,
Submental
hyoidbone
Omohyoidm.,sternocleidomastoidm.,
Muscular
midlineplane
Trapeziusm.,sternocleidomastoidm.,
Occipital
Post.
inferiorbellyofomohyoidm.
Inferiorbellyofomohyoidm.,
Subclavian
sternocleidomastoidm.,clavicle
belly moveshyoidinf.,post,&lat
manubrium,med.clavicle;
Sternohyoid hyoidbone depresseshyoid ansacervicalis
post.sternoclavicularlig.
Sternothyroid manubrium thyroidcartilage depresseshyoid ansacervicalis
Thyrohyoid thyroidcartilage hyoidbone depresseshyoid C1spinaln.
ligamentumnuchae,spinous extend,rotate,andlaterally
Spleniuscapitus mastoidprocess ventralramiC34
processC7T6 flexthehead
externaloccipital latthirdofclavicle,
Trapezius retractionofscapula spinalaccessoryn.(CNXI) transversecervicala.
protuberance,nuchallig. acromion,spineofscapula
elevatesscapulaandtiltsits
posteriortuberclesof superiorpartofmedial cervicaln.(C3,C4)
Levatorscapulae glenoidcavityinferiorlyby dorsalscapulara.
transverseprocessesofC14 borderofscapula dorsalscapularn.(C5)
rotatingscapula
Frontalis galeaaponeurosis supracilliaryridge wrinklesbrow facialn.(CNVII) ophthalmica.
drawsangleofmouthupward
Zygomaticusmajor anteriorofzygomatic modiolusofmouth buccalbranchoffacialn. faciala.
andlaterally
Zygomaticusminor zygomaticbone skinofupperlip elevatesupperlip buccalbranchoffacialn. faciala.
Risorius parotidfascia modiolusofmouth drawbackangleofmouth buccalbranchoffacialn. faciala.
skinandmuscleofthe
Levatorlabiisuperioris medialinfraorbitalmargin elevatestheupperlip buccalbranchoffacialn. faciala.
upperlip(labiisuperioris)
marginalmandibular
Depressorangulioris tubercleofthemandible madiolusofmouth depressesangleofmouth faciala.
branchoffacialn.
coronoidprocessand elevation(closingmouth)) 3
Masseter zygomaticarchandmaxilla massetericn.(V ) masseterica.
ramusofmandible andretractionofmandible
Face
puckerthelips(kissing
Orbicularisoris maxillaandmandible skinaroundthelips buccalbranchoffacialn.
muscle)
alveolarprocessesofthe compressescheeksagainst
fibersoftheorbicularis
Buccinator maxillaryboneandmandible, teeth,e.g.blowing buccalbranchoffacialn. buccala.
oris
pterygomandibularraphe assistsmastication
Deep:medsideoflat
elevatesmandible,closesjaw,
pterygoidplate medialangleofthe nervetomedialpterygoid pterygoidbranchesof
Medialpterygoid helpslateralpterygoidsin 3
Supficial:pyramidalprocess mandible (V ) maxillarya.
movingjawfromsidetoside
ofpalatineb.,maxillarytuby
greatwingofsphenoidand nervetolateralpterygoid pterygoidbranchesof
Lateralpterygoid condyleofmandible depressesmandible 3
pterygoidplate (V ) maxillarya.
floorofthetemporalfossa coronoidprocess,ant. elevatesandretractsthe 3)
Temporalis deeptemporalnn.(V
andtemporalfascia borderofmdibularramus mandible
frontalbone;medial ophthalmica.
zygomaticbranchoffacial
Orbicularisoculi palpebralligament;lacrimal lateralpalpebralraphe closeseyelids azygomaticoorbitala.
n.
bone angulara.
Eye
3
10/23/20074:22PM NervousSystemPracticalIReviewTables byDMFA
TableVII CNSCytology Lecture7Tuesday10/16,10AM,Dr.Sheedlo
Component HistologyImages Description&Components Functions
Nucleus:higheuchromatin,prominentnucleolus(catseye)
Neuron HighlydevelopedroughER,Golgi
Nisslbodies:freeribosomes Trophiccenter
Perikaryon 10nmneurofilaments,24nmmicrotubules
(cellbody,soma) Lipofuscinlightbrownagepigment
Melaningranulesinsubstantanigra
Numerousextensionsfromperikaryon Receivesimpulsesfrom
Neuron
RoughER,freeribosomes,noGolgi synapse,transmitsto
Dendrites Microtubulespossiblyaidinmacromoleculetransport perikaryon
Mostneuronshaveonlyone
Axolemmaplasmamembrane
Axoplasmcytoplasm Conductsimpulsesfrom
NeuronAxon Axonhillockoriginofaxonfromperikaryon,noRER/ribosomes perikaryontosynapse
Initialsegmentbetweenhillockandfirstmyelincell,mostexcitable
Neurofilamentsandmicrotubulesarrangedinbundles(r.image)
Presynapticmembraneterminusofanaxon,givesoffvesicles
Synapticcleftoccupiedbyproteinsandmucopolysaccharides,limits
neurotransmitterdiffusion Spacebetweentransmitting
Synapse Postsynapticmembranedendrite,perikaryon,gland,ormuscle axonandreceivingcell
AChvesiclesround,clear
NEvesiclesdensestainingcore
Covernonsynaptic
Stellate,foundingreymatter neuronalsurfaces
Protoplasmic Clearercytoplasmthanfibrousastrocytes RepairofCNStissue,can
Astrocyte divide
IdentifiedbyGFAP,vimentin Maintainsionconcentration
Bloodbrainbarrier
RepairofCNStissue,can
Stellate,foundmostlyinwhitematter,someingreymatter
divide
Fibrous HigherlevelofGFAP(glialfibrillaryacidicprotein)
Maintenanceofion
Astrocyte
concentrations
IdentifiedbyGFAP,vimentin
Bloodbrainbarrier
Round,smallerthanastrocytes,densestainingnucleus
Mostabundantincorpuscallosumofbrain
Myelinationofneuronsin
Oligodendrocyte
CNS
Identifiedbymyelinbasicprotein(MBP,atmajordenseline(MDL)),
myelinassociatedglycoprotein(MAG)
Small,dense,elongate;shortextensions,thornyappearance
Foundinwhiteandgreymatter
Microglia Nucleus:highlycondensedchromatin,small,beanshaped
Phagocytosis
Arisefrombonemarrowstemcells
Linecavitiesofbrain,spinal
Cuboidalorsquamousinshape cord(centralcanal)
EpendymalCell BathedbyCSF;ciliaatapicalsurfacebeatinordertomovefluid Continuouswithchoroid
rd
Tanycytesmostprevalentatfloorof3 ventricle,longprocess plexus(Rimage)which
producesCSF
+
NodeofRanvier Nonmyelinated,siteofactionpotentialconduction,manyNa /K+channels
Paranode 12nmoneithersideofnode,terminalloopsofmyelin
Step1Enclosure axonenclosedbyoligodendrocyteprocess,lipscometogethertoformmesaxon
Myelination
increasedmyelination,formationofmajordenseline(MDL)byinnerlayerof
Step2Compaction
oligodendrocyteplasmamembrane
Step3Transport noncompactedareasallowfortransportofcomponentsfromoligodendrocyte tomyelin
Step4IPLFormation outerlayersofOligodendrocyteplasmamembraneformintraperiodline(IPL)
PLP Proteolipidprotein,makesup50%ofmyelinprotein,foundatIPL
Protein
4
10/23/20074:22PM NervousSystemPracticalIReviewTables byDMFA
TableIX CNSGrossHistology Lecture7Tuesday10/16,10AM,Dr.Sheedlo
Area Images Component Subunit Functions
Motoraxonsformventralroots
GreyMatter(perikarya, Anteriorhorns
ofspinalnerves
unmyelinatedaxons,
Receivesensoryfibersfrom
protoplasmicastrocytes) Posteriorhorns
spinalgangliaindorsalroots
SpinalCord WhiteMatter (myelinated
axons,fibrousastrocytes)
Remnantoflumenofembryonic
CentralCanal Ependymallining
neuraltube
Molecularlayer
GreyMatter(cortex) Purkinjecells Receiveimpulses,myelinated
Granularlayer
Cerebellum
WhiteMatter Modulatesandorganizesmotor
(centralcore) impulsetocoordinatemovement
GreyMatter (outer)
Molecularlayer Processes,someneurons
Ext.granularlayer Granuleneurons,glia
Ext.pyramidallayer Pyramidal&granuleneurons,glia
Cerebrum Cortex Int.granularlayer Granuleneurons,someglia
Int.pyramidallayer Pyramidalneurons,someglia
Multiformlayer Glia,neuronsofvariousshapes
Whitematter(core)
SchmidtLantermanclefts(R) AreasofSchwannCellcytoplasminnoncompactedareasofmyelin
Satellitecells Surroundsindividualneurons,functionsasglia,basallamina
Sensory Cranial Locatedinpathofcranialnn.
Sensory Spinal(dorsalroot) Pseudounipolar neurons,nosynapses,cellbodiesatperiphery
Ganglia Autonomicganglia Stellatemultipolarneurons,synapses,scatteredcellbodies
SubmucosalplexusofMeissner Intramuralganglion,surroundedbystromainsteadofsatellitecells
MyentericplexusofAuerbach Intramuralganglion,surroundedbystromainsteadofsatellitecells
Smallfibers,mayormaynotbemyelinated
Non Freenerveendings
Terminationsarenotmyelinated;painandtouchsensations
encapsulated
Enmeshedinterminalbranchofunderlyingaxonsinepidermis
receptors Merkelsdisc
Tactilecellsensitivetotouch
Foundjustbelowtheepidermisinthedermalpapillae
Meissnerscorpuscle(L)
Stackofflattenedcellsenclosedbyacapsule,sensitivetotouch
Encapsulated Widelydistributedthroughoutthebody
receptors Respondtopressure,tensionandpossiblyvibrations
Paciniancorpuscle(R)
Axonpassesthroughcenterof2070concentriclamellaeof
fibroblasts,thincollagenfibers
35fibersperspindle,monitorstretch
Intrafusalfibers Nuclearchainfiberssmalldiameter
Muscle Nuclearbagfiberslargediameter
Spindle Maintainposture,regulateactivityofmusclegroups
Extrafusalfibers Annulospiralendingsthickaxonanddenseterminalenlargements
Flowersprayendingsslenderbranchendingsonbag&chainfibers
5
10/23/20074:22PM NervousSystemPracticalIReviewTables byDMFA
TableXI PNSMyelination Lecture8Tuesday10/16,11AM,Dr.Sheedlo
SteporComponent Description Images
Schwanncellsenclosemanyaxonsinatroughindentingitssurface. Schwanncellsurroundingaxon Myelinated&unmyelinatedfibers
Enclosure Followingrepeatedmitoticevents,aSchwanncellultimatelybecomes
segregatedtoasingleaxon
ThelipsoftheSchwanncellenvelopingprocessextendsaroundtheaxonin
IPLFormation
aspiralfashionformingtheintraperiodline
Cytoplasmbeginstobelostfromthespirallingprocessandthemajordense
Compaction
lineresults
numberofturnsofthespirallingprocessincreasesandthelamellaeofthe
Maturation
sheathbecomemorecompact
PoProtein 5060%ofmyelin;transmembraneprotein foundin bothMDL&IPL
MyelinBasicProteins ~20%ofmyelin;notessentialforformationoftheMDLinPNSmyelin,
(P1,P2,Pr) principallybecauseofthepresenceofthetransmembranePoprotein
mastoid(retroauricular)nodessuperficialcervicalnodes
Posteriorlymphdrainage
deepcervicalnodes
th
Posteriorauriculara. Ext.carotida.(6 branch) Anastomosiswithsuperficialtemporal
6
10/23/20074:22PM NervousSystemPracticalIReviewTables byDMFA
TableXV TheTemporomandibularJoint(TMJ) Lecture10Wednesday10/17,1PM,Dr.Aschenbrenner
Type CompundSynovialEllipsoid(articulardisc)
Actions Pivot,flexion/extension,sliding/gliding
Articulation condyleofthemandible,mandibularfossa,andarticulartubercleof
thetemporalbone
Ligamentation Articular(fibrous)capsule
Articulardisc
Lateralligament
Sphenomandibularligament
Stylomandibularligament
Musclesand Temporalism.Elevatesandretractsthemandible,closes
Actions Lateralpterygoidm.Protrudesanddepressesthemandible,opens
Medialpterygoidm.Elevatesandprotrudesthemandible,closes
Masseterm.Elevates,protrudesandretractsthemandible,closes
3
Innervations Primarilyauriculotemporaln.andmassetericn.(bothV )
BloodSupply Superficialtemporala.,branchesfrommaxillarya.
7
10/23/20074:22PM NervousSystemPracticalIReviewTables byDMFA
Squamma,supraorbitalmarginandforamen,glabella,frontal
Frontal sinuses
Temporalprocess(zygomaticarch),Frontalprocess,Maxillary
Zygomatic* process,Zygomaticofacialforamen
Parietal* Parietaleminence,parietalforamen
Cristagalli,Cribriformplate,Perpendicularplate,Orbitalplate,
Ethmoid SuperiorandMiddlenasalconchae
Lacrimal* Lacrimalfossa
Greaterandlesserwings,Sellaturcica,Pterygoidprocess,Optic
Sphenoid foramen(canal),Superiororbitalfissure,Foramenrotundum,
Foramenovale,Foramenspinosum
Zygomaticprocess(zygomaticarch,Mastoidprocess,External
acousticmeatus,Internalacousticmeatus,Styloidprocess,
Temporal* Stylomastoidforamen,Mandibularfossa,Carotidcanal,Jugular
foramen
Foramenmagnum,hypoglossalcanal,occipitalcondyles,ext.
Occipital occipitalprotuberance,superiorandinferiornuchallines
Condyle,Coronoidprocess,Mentalprocess(protuberance),Mental
Mandible foramen,Mandibularforamen,Lingula
Vomer&Inf.Nasal Inbetweenethmoidandmaxilla
oncha
8
10/23/20074:22PM NervousSystemPracticalIReviewTables byDMFA
TableXVIII RadiologyoftheSkull Dissector3.4
OccipitofrontalProjection,AnteriorAspect OccipitofrontalProjection,AnteriorAspect OccipitofrontalProjection,AnteriorAspect OccipitofrontalProjection,PosteriorAspect
SuperiorProjection LateralProjection InferiorProjection InferiorProjection