RESULTS

Equipment 1

Sample: Water

Density: 1.00 g/cm3

Temperature: 27 C

Angle: 70

Capillary diameter: 1.6 mm

Ball diameter: 1.5 mm

Ball density: 7.67 g/cm3

Trial Runtime (s) Dynamic Viscosity (mPa.s) Kinematic Viscosity (mm2/s)

1 32.93 2.1154 2.1154
2 34.84 2.2376 2.2376
3 33.75 2.1679 2.1679
4 34.96 2.2456 2.2456
Average 34.12 2.1916 2.1916

Equipment 2

Sample: Cooking Oil

Density: 0.93 g/cm3

Temperature: 27 C

Angle: 70

Capillary diameter: 1.8 mm

Ball diameter: 1.5 mm

Ball density: 7.77 g/cm3

Trial Runtime (s) Dynamic Viscosity (mPa.s) Kinematic Viscosity (mm2/s)

1 4.38 42.2306 45.4093
2 4.47 43.1571 46.4055
3 4.31 41.5937 44.7244
4 4.27 41.2366 44.3405
Average 4.36 42.0545 45.2199

CALCULATIONS

Dynamic Viscosity
Kinematic Viscosity = Density

=

Equipment 1

Water

Density 1.00

2.1554
Kinematic Viscosity = 1

= 2.1154 mm2/s

2.1154 +2.2376+2.1679+2.2456
Average Kinematic Viscosity = 4

= 2.1916 mm2/s

Equipment 2

Cooking oil

Density 0.93

42.0545
Kinematic Viscosity = 0.93

= 45.2199 mm2/s

45.4093+46.4055+ 44.7244+ 44.3405

Average Kinematic Viscosity = 4

= 45.2199 mm2/s

DISCUSSION
 A number of methods are used to measure the viscosity of fluids. These are typically
based on one of three phenomena, a moving surface in contact with a fluid, an object moving
through a fluid, and fluid flowing through a resistive component. These phenomena utilize three
major viscometers in the industry such as rotating viscometer, falling ball viscometer, and a
capillary viscometer. The falling ball viscometer typically measures the viscosity of Newtonian
liquids and gases. The method applies Newtons law of motion under force balance on a falling
sphere ball when it reaches a terminal velocity. In Newtons law of motion for a falling ball,
there exist buoyancy force, weight force, and drag force, and these three forces reach a net force
of zero. The drag force can be obtained from Stokes law, which is valid in Reynolds numbers
less than 1.

This experiment is conducted to determine the viscosity of fluid by using the falling ball
viscometer. The objectives of these experiments are to measure viscosity of various fluids using
ball viscometer of various sizes, to compare viscosity of fluids using various sizes of capillary
sizes and to measure viscosity of fluids at various temperatures. Viscometer experiment is
conducted by three different capillary tube diameter and different ball diameter and ball density,
which gives effect on viscosity measurement. The viscosity of the oil in the reservoir is one of
the properties that influence its movement through the sand to producing wells. In this
experiment, the dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity of cooking oil and water were
measured. For the dynamic viscosity, the time taken for the ball to fall to the bottom of the block
was recorded and measured while for the kinematic viscosity recorded by dividing the dynamic
viscosity by the density. However, this experiment was conducted by the automated viscometer.
AMVn will automatically give the value of dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity.
 The AMVn is the most accurate instrument on the market and very easy to use. AMVn is
a falling ball viscometer, which measured the rolling time of the ball through the capillary tube.
The sample used in this experiment is cooking oil and water. The density of cooking oil in this
experiment is 0.93 g/cm3 and the density of water is 1.00 g/cm3. The temperature of this
experiment is fixed which is 27oC. The diameter of the capillary which is 1.6mm and 1.8mm.
The cooking oil density for 0.93 g/cm 3 used a 1.8 mm and 4 mm diameter of capillary while for
the diameter of 1.6 mm used for water. Each experiment was repeated four times to get the
accurate result. The density of the ball also differ which is 7.67 g/cm3 for water and 7.77 g/cm3
for the cooking oil.

From the result, the dynamic viscosity and the kinematic viscosity for water is
2.1916mPa.s and 2.1916mm2/s. The average runtime for water is 34.12 s. For the cooking oil in
1.8 mm diameter and the density is 0.93 g/cm3 the average runtime, dynamic viscosity and
kinematic viscosity are 4.36s, 42.0545mPa.s and 45.2199 mm2/s.

For the water, it can be seen that dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity are the same.
From the result obtained, as the capillary tube diameter decreased, the higher the value of
runtime. The shear stress gives effect on the viscosity value. The larger the surface contact
between the fluid and the solid surface, the longer the time taken for the ball to fall to the bottom
of the capillary tube. It is because of the shear stress between fluid contact becomes larger which
is causes the viscosity value becomes lower. As the runtime increases with the increases of the
diameter of capillary the viscosity of the cooking oil decreased. The sample viscosity correlates
with the time required by the ball to drop a specific distance, and the test results are given as
dynamic viscosity.
APPENDICES

Oil and water used

Viscometer device
Ball