NUTRIENT CONTENT EVALUATION OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE UREA MOLASSES

BLOCK (DPW-UMB) ON PROXIMATE ANALYSIS

Danung Nur Adli Suharto1, and Osfar Sjofjan2

1)
Student at Animal Husbandry Faculty, Brawijaya University
2)
Lecturer of Animal Nutrition and Feed Department, Animal Husbandry Faculty, Brawijaya
University
Email: danungnuradli1994@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The research purpose was to determining content nutritious of dried poultry waste
molasses block (DPW-UMB). Alternative substitute urea with dried poultry waste as by-
product in the manufacturer urea-molasses block, and improve value added of supplementation
dried poultry waste urea molasses block in the dry season. The treatments used for research
were Dried Poultry Waste Urea-Molasses Block (DPW-UMB) with T1 (Manure layer chicken
15% and molasses 25%), T2 (Manure layer chicken 10% and molasses 30%), and T3 (Manure
layer chicken 20% and molasses 30%). The research method used in the manufactured dried
poultry waste urea molasses block was wet technic. The data analysis were analyzed
descriptively and compared with the related theories. The results showed that dried poultry
waste urea-molasses block (DPW-UMB) are T3 better than T2 and T1 on the nutritious content
Dry Matter (DM) 92.04%, Crude Protein (CP) 13.34%, Crude Fiber (CF) 13.39%, ash 37.16%,
fat 3.44%, but low in the Gross Energy (GE) is 2631.63 kal/kg. The conclusion are dried poultry
waste urea-molasses block (DPW-UMB) T3 better with the composition manure layer chicken
20%, molasses 30%, rice bran 17%, urea 1%, cement 7%, salt 2%, mineral mix 4%, limestone
7%, brick 7%, and water 5%.

Keywords: Urea, Manure, Dried-Poultry Waste Urea-Molasses Block (DPW-UMB), Feed

Supplement, Rumen Microbial

Background production. Rice straw has low nutrient content

Central Bureau of Statistics (2013)
stated the number population of beef cattle and
buffalo reached 107,608 heads with Poncol
District, Magetan East Java reached 11,657
heads. The number of beef cattle population
decrease during the dry season. The feedlot
system are not supported by the balance of
quality and availability feed on dry season and
rainy season. The rainy season forage
availability in the large quantities while the dry
season is limited availability. Thefore, the
fattening beef cattle became slow down because
used rice straw for feeding. Normally, rice straw
given during dry season to beef cattle.
According to Andy and Wahdi (2011)
rice straw is a by-product from grain
on the protein, crude fibre, and nitrogen. Low
nutrient content made rumen microbial
population decreasing. The process of fattening
need supplementation from feed that consist
energy, mineral, vitamin, protein, and non-
protein-nitrogen (NPN) (Andi and Wahdi,
2011). Urea molasses block (UMB) is one type
of feed supplement contains microelements.
Supplementation from the molasses block
containing soluble carbohydrates provides NPN
as a source of ammonia and minerals to enhance
the formation of microbial protein. Bacteria
produce enzymes digesting crude fiber and
protein and synthesize vitamin as animal source
for ruminant and known as microbial protein.
Siti, Sucipta, Mudita, Partama, and Cakra

1
(2012) stated that urea-molasses block can be
used for supplementation that consisting
ingredient rice bran, pollard, salt, lime, and
mineral.
In addition, Andi and Wahdi (2011)
stated urea-molasses block the supply of urea in
the element nitrogen useful in synthesizing
proteins. NH3 is four times faster than the speed
use of microbial cells. The principal of digestion
in regard to forages is the rumen, where the feed
is retained for substantial periods of time and
subjected to extensive microbial fermentation.
The utilization of urea non-protein nitrogen as
animal feed provided in the layer chicken
manure (Vatta, Villiers, Gumede, Krecek,
Mapeyi, Pearson, Smith, Stenson, and Harrison,
2007). Boushy and Poel (2000) stated layer
manure chicken consist pathogenic
microorganism. Lower of the essential amino
acid content and lower energy metabolic
condition of content from manure at least not
more than 5% for ratio of formula (Sinaga and
Silalahi, 2012).
FAO (2010) stated the poultry industry
produced 22 million tons of manure from over
18 billion of poultry. The increased of poultry
waste caused negative effect to the environment
from ammonia content. The negative effect
from poultry waste need to recycling. The one
method to recycling is used dried poultry waste
as source nitrogen in the urea-molasses block.
The Dried poultry waste has been used as an
animal feed for ruminant. The animal waste and
layer chicken manure in ration for the feed have
limits considered and adapted. The laying
chicken has crude fiber content is quite high can
reach 14.9% from dry matter. Nitrogen need in
the beef cattle has alternative by using sources
of nitrogen from manure layer chicken and use
balanced with microbial activity (Ghaly and
Macdonald, 2012).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Location and Time
The research was conducted from 21st
January to 4th July 2015 at Janggan Village,
Poncol District Magetan, East Java Province.
The analysis proximate was conducted July-
2
August 2016 at Nutrition and Feed Animal
Laboratory, Animal Husbandry Faculty,
Brawijaya University Malang East Java,
Province. Janggan Village was chosen for
research location due to as one of center for beef
cattle fattening, sugarcane industry, and layer
farm in Magetan Regency.
Materials
The principal equipment for the
manufacture of dried poultry waste urea-
molasses block (DPW-UMB) are gloves,
bucket capacity 10.000 gr, plastic 500 gr, UMB-
block 500gr with shape round and love, pressing
tool, and analytic scale. The principal
ingredients are molasses, manure layer chicken,
rice bran, limestone, cement, brick, salt, water,
urea, and mineral mix.
Methods
There are several method to
manufacture UMB the technical by heating and
wet technic. The wet technic manufacture by
mixing molasses and urea with others
ingredients as fillers, and hardener. The UMB
packaged sun drying for 3-7 days (Mubi, Kibon,
and Mohammed, 2013). Second step are
proximate analysis the dried poultry waste urea-
molasses block (DPW-UMB) to determine
nutritious content.
Results and Discussion
Crude Protein (CP) on Dried Poultry
Waste-Urea Molasses Block (DPW-UMB)
Based on Table 1 result from proximate
analysis conducted in the Nutrition and Feed
Animal Laboratory, Animal Husbandry Faculty
on the DPW-UMB showing the content of
nutrients in each treatment. The several factors
affected are processing, formulation, and kind
of material from one place. The table showing
content of the DPW-UMB on crude protein
(CP) T3 higher than T1 and T2 the result is
13.34% combining with 10.05% and 10.33%
this is because the percentage of formulation
ration layer manure is 20% than T1 and T2 15%
and 10%
Tabel 1. DPW-UMB Nutrient Content
Code Name
Treatments
DM CP
18-07-2016 T1 61.42 10.05
T2 90.92 10.33
29-08-2016 T3 92.04 13.34
Source: (Nutrition and Feed Animal Laboratory, Animal Husbandry Faculty, Brawijaya
University Malang, 2016).
Protein is high molecular weight
organic compounds essential to the structure
and formation of all living cells consist of amino
acids joined by peptide bonds and are composed
of 50-55% carbon, 15-18% nitrogen. Nurhayu,
Pasambe, and Sariubang (2010) stated urea
molasses block (UMB) nutrient content consist
urea and molasses showed crude protein is
12.76%. Crude protein (CP) on T3 is 13.34%
using dried poultry waste combining with
molasses the statistics better than urea molasses
block (UMB). The layer manure chicken on the
formulation taken around Magetan from layer
manure farm. The poultry waste in the Magetan
act as crop residues and increase production
every year. The layer manure chicken make the
disturbing environment and need treatment to
convert from residual into feedstuff.
Comparison crude protein content on the dried
layer chicken is 13.47% and dried broiler
excreta is 21.59%. The result match with the
Sinaga and Silalahi (2012) stated the content of
protein in the dried poultry waste is 12-31%
layer chicken manure production from average
150 g / day, hundred laying chicken can produce
1.6 tons of dry manure / year.
The differences effect from layer chicken
manure based on the treatment. The layer
manure chicken sundrying for three days to
reduce heavy metals, pesticide residues,
pathogenic bacteria, fungi from the feed given
to layer chicken. The formulation combining
layer manure chicken 30% and molasses 20%,
3
Feedstuff Content
CF Ash Fat GE
(%) (Kal/kg)
17.41 27.26 3.51 3065.82
8.20 31.69 3.95 2949.50
13.39 37.16 3.44 2631.63
layer manure chicken has bulky texture and
need to be dried before formulation and
transform into the feedstuff and given to the
animal. The drying process manually to reduce
water content of the layer manure chicken, to
reduce the odor from the layer manure chicken
because quite highly. The result match with
Boushy and Van der poel (2000) stated high
moisture content on the manure layer (75-80%)
are possible contaminated with pathogen
microorganism. Kasworo, Izzati, and
Kismartini (2013) stated processing for manure
layer use the sun drying process to reduce water
content, kill microorganism pathogens and
eliminate odors.
Figure 1. Collecting Layer Manure Chicken
The formulation on the dried poultry
waste-urea molasses block using the manure
layer chicken have the bulky texture. The
formulation combining several material binder
ingredients like molasses, cement, and water in
the filler ingredients using rice bran to increase
the nutrient content. The additional nutrient
content using feedstuff like limestone, brick,
salt, and mineral mix to add the macro and
micro mineral. The function of manure layer
chicken is for substitution function of urea that
has certain limit. The result match with Arnita,
Rhim, and Noverma (2010) stated Non-protein
nitrogenous (NPN) in the formulation feedstuff
of beef cattle in certain limits. The use urea
more than 5% causing poisoning. Urea has a
Energy is defined as the ability or
capacity to work in living organism. Energy is
essential for the maintenance of life processes
including cellular metabolism, growth,
reproduction, and physical activity. Gross
energy (GE) is the quantity of heat resulting
from the complete oxidation of food, feed, or
other substances. Gross Energy (GE) from dried
poultry waste urea-molasses block on the T1 is
higher than T2 and T3 from the table show
3065.82 kal/kg higher than 2949.50 kal/kg and
2631.63 kal/kg. The proximate analysis result
affected from the molasses. Molasses is residual
crop from sugarcane in the liquid form and
bagasse is solid form the content of the molasses
is providing energy and source of carbohydrate.
The molasses taken from Rejosari sugarcane
industry. The molasses is reached maximum
during dry season and residues cannot utilize
well in the Magetan Regency.
Figure 2. Drying at First day and Third Days
The molasses given 25% for T1 and
30% for T2 and T3. The result of T1 higher
because during the mixing with other feedstuff
molasses absorb well into dried poultry waste
urea-molasses block. The mixing feedstuff
process can be seen in the figure 10. The method
during made of DPW-UMB is the factor to
given the result of content DPW-UMB. The
result matches with Mubi, Kibon, and
Mohammed (2013) stated molasses and sugar
are sources of energy for ruminants. Molasses
in the formulation formula less than 8% of dry
mater same with corn. Molasses can increasing
microbial growth in the rumen.
4
content of nitrogen approximately 45%.
Nitrogen represents 16% of the true protein,
when equivalent to 5.25 times the nitrogen
content.
Gross Energy (GE) on Dried Poultry
Waste-Urea Molasses Block (DPW-UMB)
Bata (2008) give additional information
stated the main uses of molasses are as a binding
agent or binder in feedstuff. The molasses act
granules to improve palatability in feedstuff
ration. Table showed given molasses in the
dried poultry waste urea-molasses block on the
formula T1, T2, and T3 for supplementation used
to stimulate microbial activity in the rumen.
Wayne, Cullusion, and Lowrey (2003) stated
microbial production is high-quality by-pass
protein and drastically altered rumen VFA. The
result giving additional statement from
Noverma (2010) stated rumen microbial growth
requires N availability as much as 1.28% N or
equivalent with 8% protein.
Dry Matter (DM) on Dried Poultry
Waste-Urea Molasses Block (DPW-UMB)
Dry Matter (DM) from dried poultry
waste urea-molasses block on the T1 is lower
than T2 and T3 from the table show 61.42%
lower than 90.92% and 92.04%. The condition
happens from drying method during
manufacturing dried poultry waste urea
molasses block. Dried poultry waste urea-
molasses block packaged and sun drying for
seven days. The drying does not literally cover
on the T1 and dry matter only 61.42 % indicate
still wet. The second factor is indicated by the
treatment T1 due to the addition of additives
(molasses) in each treatment that increasing
water content in the DPW-UMB. The greater
availability of dissolved carbohydrates causes
increased activity of fermentation by bacteria to
produce lactic acid. The fermentation activity
causing loss dry matter in the dried poultry
waste urea-molasses block. Decreasing dry
matter is affected by respiration and
fermentation respiration will cause a lot of the
nutrients to break down and reduce the dry
matter, while fermentation will produce lactic
acid and water. The higher water produced
during made of DPW-UMB, then loss of dry
matter increase. The dry matter loss affected by
increased levels of water coming fermented
form of simple sugars the result compared with
Agarwal, Nandan, and Chaudhary, (2015)
stated the omasum helps in the absorption of
water and variation in omasum dry matter was
0.6%, 1.2%, and 3.3% of the body weight in the
dairy cows and beef cattle.
Figure 3. Pressing DPW-UMB
Decreasing dry matter is affected by
respiration and fermentation respiration will
cause a lot of the nutrients to break down and
reduce the dry matter, while fermentation will
produce lactic acid and water. The higher water
produced during made of DPW-UMB, then loss
of dry matter increase. The pressing processing
help to reduce water content that can be seen in
figure 11. The dry matter loss affected by
increased levels of water coming fermented
form of simple sugars the result compared with
Agarwal, Nandan, and Chaudhary, (2015)
stated the omasum helps in the absorption of
water and variation in omasum dry matter was
0.6%, 1.2%, and 3.3% of the body weight in the
dairy cows and beef cattle.
Fats on Dried Poultry Waste-Urea
Molasses Block (DPW-UMB)
Crude fiber from dried poultry waste
urea-molasses block on the T1 is higher than T2
and T3 from the table show 18.41% higher than
8.20 and 13.39%. Crude fiber will stimulate the
process of rumination and rumen contractions,
which in turn will improve the fermentation
process the fiber feed. The main result of the
fermentation of fibrous carbohydrates is acetic
acid. Crude fiber content of high feed can be a
limiting factor for consumption. Crude fiber
5
that is both bulky feed will stay longer in the
rumen and can suppress consumption.
Nurhayu, Pasambe, and Sariubang
(2010) stated urea molasses block (UMB)
nutrient content consist urea and molasses
showed crude fiber (CF) is 6.65%. Crude fiber
(CF) on T3 is 18.41% using dried poultry waste
combining with molasses the statistics better
than urea molasses block (UMB). Crude fiber is
also an indicator of the low digestibility of a
feed material. The digestibility of crude fiber
depends on the content of crude fiber in
formulations. The result match with Wayne,
Cullusion, and Lowrey (2003) stated
supplementation in the solid form effect same
with the concentrate because both have a
function to increase growth and number of
rumen microbes.
Crude Fiber (CF) on Dried Poultry
Waste-Urea Molasses Block (DPW-UMB)
Crude fiber from dried poultry waste
urea-molasses block on the T1 is higher than T2
and T3 from the table show 18.41% higher than
8.20 and 13.39%. Crude fiber will stimulate the
process of rumination and rumen contractions,
which in turn will improve the fermentation
process the fiber feed. The main result of the
fermentation of fibrous carbohydrates is acetic
acid. Crude fiber content of high feed can be a
limiting factor for consumption. Crude fiber
that is both bulky feed will stay longer in the
rumen and can suppress consumption.
Nurhayu, Pasambe, and Sariubang
(2010) stated urea molasses block (UMB)
nutrient content consist urea and molasses
showed crude fiber (CF) is 6.65%. Crude fiber
(CF) on T3 is 18.41% using dried poultry waste
combining with molasses the statistics better
than urea molasses block (UMB). Crude fiber is
also an indicator of the low digestibility of a
feed material. The digestibility of crude fiber
depends on the content of crude fiber in
formulations. The result match with Wayne,
Cullusion, and Lowrey (2003) stated
supplementation in the solid form effect same
with the concentrate because both have a
function to increase growth and number of
rumen microbes.
 Ash on Dried Poultry Waste-Urea
Molasses Block (DPW-UMB)
Ash content from dried poultry waste
urea-molasses block on the T3 is higher than T2
and T1 from the table show 37.16% higher than
31.69% and 27.26%. The ash content from dried
poultry layer waste is 6.95% combining with
dried broiler waste 6.49%. Ash is residues
remaining after all the combustible material has
been turned off. The nutritionally ash values
have little importance on DPW-UMB in this
component salt and limestone given the content
of ash. The cement function in the DPW-UMB
is for source silica (micro-mineral) and
hardener. The ash content has positive
correlation with crude protein (CP) content in
dry poultry waste urea-molasses block.
Nurhayu, Pasambe, and Sariubang
(2010) stated urea molasses block (UMB)
nutrient content consist urea and molasses
showed ash is 14.04%. Ash on T3 is 37.16%
using dried poultry waste combining with
molasses the statistics better than urea molasses
block (UMB). Determination of total ash can be
used for many purposes for this case to
determine whether or not a treatment on this
case made of dried poultry waste urea-molasses
block. The total ash knowing type of material
composed, and as a determinant of the
nutritional value parameters of a feedstuff.
CONCLUSION
The dried poultry waste urea-molasses
block (DPW-UMB) better with the composition
manure layer chicken 20%, molasses 30%, rice
bran 17%, urea 1%, cement 7%, salt 2%,
mineral mix 4%, limestone 7%, brick 7%, and
water 5%.
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