Simu 4 PDF

Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Lab Report
Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly.
1. Which of the following statements about metabolism is false?

You correctly answered: d. All of the energy from metabolism is ultimately stored in the chemical bonds of ATP.
2. Thyroxine is
You correctly answered: c. the most important hormone for maintaining the metabolic rate and body temperature.
3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is

You correctly answered: b. produced in the pituitary gland.
4. An injection of TSH to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: d. goiter development
5. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is

You correctly answered: a. secreted by the hypothalamus.
6. Which of the following statements is true?

You correctly answered: b. The hypothalamus primarily secretes tropic hormones that stimulate the secretion of other
hormones.
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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: Make a prediction about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the remaining rats compared with the BMR
of the normal rat you just measured.
Your answer : d. You will not be able to measure the BMR of the remaining rats.
Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen after you inject thyroxine into the three rats?
Your answer : c. The hypophysectomized rat will become hyperthryoidic and develop a goiter.
Predict Question 3: What do you think will happen after you inject TSH into the three rats?
Your answer : d. The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and will not develop a goiter.
Predict Question 4: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine by blocking the attachment of
iodine to tyrosine residues in the follicle cells of the thyroid gland (iodinated tyrosines are linked together to form thyroxine).
What do you think will happen after you inject PTU into the three rats?
Your answer : d. The normal rat will become hypothyroidic and develop a goiter.
Stop & Think Questions:

1h. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit to display your results in the grid.
You answered: 426 ml O2/hr
1i. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit to display your results in the grid.
You answered: 106.5 ml O2/kg/hr
09/20/14 page 2
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800).
The normal rat is

You correctly answered: b. euthyroid
The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is

You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid
The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is

levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection.
The normal rat is

You correctly answered: c. hyperthyroid
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Your answer : a. hypothyroid
Correct answer: c. hyperthyroid

Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with thyroxine (select all that apply)?
You correctly answered: d. None of the rats developed a goiter with this injection.
levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection.
The normal rat is



Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with TSH (select all that apply)?
Your answer: c. the hypophysectomized rat
Correct answer: a. the normal rat c. the hypophysectomized rat
levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection.
The normal rat is

09/20/14 page 4

Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with PTU (select all that apply)?
You correctly answered: a. the normal rat
Experiment Data:
Rat Weight (g) ml O2/min ml O2/hr BMR Palpation Injected

(ml O2/kg/hr)
Normal 250 7.1 426 106.5 No mass none
Tx 245 6.4 384 94.08 No mass none
Hypox 245 6.4 384 94.08 No mass none
Normal 250 8.4 504 2016 No mass Thyroxine
Tx 245 7.7 462 1886 No mass Thyroxine
Hypox 245 7.7 462 1886 No mass Thyroxine
Normal 250 8 480 1920 Mass TSH
Tx 245 6.3 378 1543 No mass TSH
Hypox 245 7.8 468 1910 Mass TSH
Normal 250 6.3 378 1512 Mass PTU
Tx 245 6.2 372 1518 No mass PTU
Hypox 245 6.2 372 1518 No mass PTU
09/20/14 page 5
Post-lab Quiz Results
1. How would you treat a thyroidectomized animal so that it functions like a "normal" animal?
You correctly answered: c. Provide the animal T4 supplements.
2. As a result of the missing hormone(s) in the hypophysectimized rat, what would be some expected symptoms?
You correctly answered: d. decreased basal metabolic rate
3. An injection of thyroxine to an otherwise normal rat will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: b. hyperthyroidism
4. Why didn't any of the rats develop a goiter after thyroxine injection?
You correctly answered: a. In all cases, TSH levels were not elevated by the thyroxine injection.
5. Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the TSH injection?
You correctly answered: c. The TSH receptors on the thyroid gland were excessively stimulated.
6. An injection of propylthiouracil to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: b. goiter development
7. Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the propylthiouracil injection?
You correctly answered: d. The injection decreased the negative feedback mechanism on TSH.
09/20/14 page 6
Review Sheet Results
1. Part 1: Determining the Basal Metabolic Rates
Which rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Your answer:
-es a la que lo inyectamos la tiroxina
2. Why did the metabolic rates differ between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats? How well did the results
compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
-La velocidad metablica basal de una rata normal en el primer experimento es mayor que el de las ratas alteradas y se
debeque en la rata sin tiroides no produce tiroxina que regula la velocidad metablica mientras la rata inhipfisis, no
produce TSH que regula la segregacin de tiroxina
3. If an animal has been thyroidectomized, what hormone(s) would be missing in its blood?
Your answer:
-ya que al no haber tiroides no se sintetizara la tiroxina por lo que no se encontrara esta hormona en la sangre.
4. If an animal has been hypophysectomized, what effect would you expect to see in the hormone levels in its body?
Your answer:
-ya que al no haber hipfisis, los niveles de TRH en sangre aumentarn, y los niveles de tiroxina en sangre disminuye
5. Part 2: Determining the Effect of Thyroxine on Metabolic Rate
What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the normal rat's BMR?
Your answer:
-Aumentar la velocidad metablica por el e gran nivel de tiroxina en la sangre
6. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare
with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?
Your answer:
-El BMR aument y se debi por la cantidad de tiroxina, sin embargo, es menor al BMR de la rata normal, pues en la rata
sin hipofisis el nivel de tiroxina en sangre antes del experimento era menor por lo que la dosis de tiroxina fue muy alta.
7. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case
compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?
Your answer:
-los niveles de BMR aumentaron, pues aumento la cantidad de tiroxina en sangre, aunque menos que los valores de BMR
e la rata normal y a dosis de tiroxina fue muy alta.
8. Part 3: Determining the Effect of TSH on Metabolic Rate
09/20/14 page 7
What was the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) injections on the normal rat's BMR?
You did not answer this question.
9. What was the effect of TSH injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with
the normal rat's BMR? Why was this effect observed?
10. What was the effect of TSH injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare
with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of TSH in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?
09/20/14 page 8
Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 2: Plasma Glucose, Insulin, and Diabetes Mellitus Lab Report

1. Which of the following statements is false?

You correctly answered: d. Insulin is a hormone secreted into the stomach to aid with starch digestion.

You correctly answered: d. All of these statements are true.
3. A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that

You correctly answered: b. the pancreas is not producing sufficient insulin.
4. A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies that

You correctly answered: c. the cells of the body are unresponsive to circulating insulin.
5. Glucagon is a hormone
You correctly answered: b. that opposes the action of insulin.
09/20/14 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: To measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample
Your answer : b. the optical density of the sample will be measured and the glucose concentration will be extrapolated from
the glucose standard curve.

Why does the color in the tubes vary?
You correctly answered: c. The tubes contain different amounts of glucose.
Experiment Data:
Tube Optical Density Glucose (mg/deciliter)

Part 1 1 0.30 30
2 0.50 60
3 0.60 90
4 0.80 120
5 1.00 150
Part 2 1 0.73 105
2 0.79 115
3 0.89 132
4 0.83 122
5 0.96 144
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1. A male patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 115, 110, and 122 mg/dl. The healthcare provider
will inform him that
You correctly answered: c. he appears to have impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by
his cells.
2. To obtain an accurate spectrophotometric measurement of the glucose concentration in the sample

You correctly answered: d. heparin is added to prevent blood clots.
3. In the spectrophotometric assay used in this experiment, the __________ as the glucose concentration in the sample
increases.
You correctly answered: b. optical density increases
4. A female patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 130, 140, and 128 mg/dl. The healthcare
provider will inform her that
You correctly answered: a. she has developed diabetes.
5. To maintain plasma glucose homeostasis

You correctly answered: d. insulin-mediated transport of glucose into cells acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose
levels rise.
6. A laboratory technician withdraws a blood sample from a vein in your upper arm knowing that
You correctly answered: b. the plasma glucose concentration will be the same in both the arm vein and the index finger.
09/20/14 page 3
1. What is a glucose standard curve, and why did you need to obtain one for this experiment? Did you correctly predict
how you would measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample using the glucose standard curve?
Your answer:
-la curva estndar de glucosa es un mtodo para la identificacin de los niveles de glucosa en la sangre
2. Which patient(s) had glucose reading(s) in the diabetic range? Can you say with certainty whether each of these
patients has type 1 or type 2 diabetes? Why or why not?
Your answer:
-Los pacientes N (2, 3, 4 y 5) estan en el rango diabtico por lo que el rango de 110g/dL son indicios de que sufren esta
enfermedad por lo que los pacientes 3 y 5 tienen inidcios de desarrollar diabetes tipo 1 mientras que los pacientes 2 y 4
tienden a padecer diabetes tipo 2.
3. Describe the diagnosis for patient 3, who was also pregnant at the time of this assay.
Your answer:
-El paciente 3 tiene diabetes tipo 2 y puede que las celulas de su cuerpo rechazen la insulina. Este tipo de diabetes
tambien es conocido como Diabetes Gestacional.
4. Which patient(s) had normal glucose reading(s)?

Your answer:
.El paciente numero 1 no tuvo sintomas ni indicios de presentar diabetes, ya que sus niveles de glucosa en la sagre
marcaron debajo de los 110mg/dL.
5. What are some lifestyle choices these patients with normal plasma glucose readings might recommend to the borderline
impaired patients?
Your answer:
-Mantener una dieta controlada para asi controlar los niveles de glucosa normales y hacer ejercicio regularmente.
09/20/14 page 4
Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 3: Hormone Replacement Therapy Lab Report

1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

You correctly answered: d. stimulates ovarian follicle development.
2. Estrogen
You correctly answered: d. is produced by developing ovarian follicles.
3. Calcitonin
You correctly answered: b. works against the development of osteoporosis.

You correctly answered: c. The ovaries stop secreting estrogen after menopause.
09/20/14 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: What effect will the saline injections have on the control rat's vertebral bone density?
Your answer : c. The saline injections will not change the rat's vertebral bone density (indicated by an unchanging T score).
Predict Question 2: What effect will the estrogen injections have on the estrogen-treated rat's vertebral bone density?
Your answer : a. The estrogen injections will increase the rat's vertebral bone density (indicated by a less-negative T score).
Predict Question 3: What effect will the calcitonin injections have on the calcitonin-treated rat's vertebral bone density?
Your answer : a. The calcitonin injections will increase the rat's vertebral bone density (indicated by a less-negative T
score).
Experiment Data:
Rat Elapsed Days Saline injections Estrogen injections Calcitonin T score

injections
Control 7 7 0 0 -2.82
Estrogen 7 0 7 0 -1.55
Calcitonin 7 0 0 7 -2.17
09/20/14 page 2
1. Saline injections were used in this experiment to measure the effect of

You correctly answered: c. a placebo on bone density.
2. In the ovariectomized rats used in this experiment

You correctly answered: d. osteoporosis was evident prior to the injections of estrogen.
3. Injection of calcitonin into an ovariectomized rat will

You correctly answered: b. inhibit osteoclast activity and stimulate calcium uptake and deposition in long bones.
4. As the rat's bone density increases

You correctly answered: a. the X-ray scanning assay reports a less-negative T-score.
09/20/14 page 3
1. Why were ovariectomized rats used in this experiment? How does the fact that the rats are ovariectomized explain their
baseline T scores?
Your answer:
-Las ratas ovariectomizadas no produciran estrogeno para contratacar el efecto d ela osteoporesis a diferencia de las ratas
2 y 3,
Estrogeno y Calcitonina del experimento solo presentaron un adegazamiento del volumen del hueso, mientras que la rata
de control presento osteoporesis por superar el limite de T score haciendosa menos negativo y rebazando el nivel de -2.50.
2. What effect did the administration of saline injections have on the control rat? How well did the results compare with
your prediction?
Your answer:
La rata control por efecto de la insulina presento Osteoporosis por lo que mi prediccion fue incorrecta
3. What effect did the administration of estrogen injections have on the estrogen-treated rat? How well did the results
Your answer:
Al administrar estrgeno, los valores de la densidad del hueso disminuyeron en negatividad, pues el estrgeno estimula el
crecimiento oseo y previene la osteoporosis
4. What effect did the administration of calcitonin injections have on the calcitonin-treated rat? How well did the results
Your answer:
-Efectivamente, al inyectar calcitonina, los valores de densidad de hueso disminuyeron negativamente, esto se debe a que
la calcitonina inhibe la actividad del osteoclasto y estimula el consumo y deposicin de calcio en huesos
5. What are some health risks that postmenopausal women must consider when contemplating estrogen
hormone-replacement therapy?
Your answer:
-Que una concentracin elevada de estrgeno puede ser perjudicial para la salud, al igual que una concentracion baja de
estrgeno (afecta a la densidad de los huesos)
09/20/14 page 4
Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 4: Measuring Cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Lab Report

1. Cortisol
You correctly answered: d. is a hormone important in the body's response to stress.
2. ACTH
You correctly answered: d. is a tropic hormone that stimulates cortisol release.
3. CRH
You correctly answered: b. has a tropic effect on the anterior pituitary gland.
4. Cushing's syndrome refers to

You correctly answered: c. a hypercortisolism, which could be iatrogenic.
5. A condition of hypocortisolism
You correctly answered: d. refers to low levels of cortisol in the blood.
09/20/14 page 1
Experiment Results
Normally high levels of cortisol would inhibit release of
You correctly answered: c. both ACTH and CRH
Which hormone(s) stimulate(s) the pituitary gland to release ACTH?

You correctly answered: a. CRH
Experiment Data:
Patient Cortisol High/Low ACTH High/Low

(mcg/dl) (pg/ml)
1 2.15 Low 16.42 High
2 37.02 High 12.46 Low
3 44.61 High 81.91 High
4 2.88 Low 99.86 High
5 46.70 High 19.84 Low
09/20/14 page 2
1. Under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted CRH increases, then

You correctly answered: c. the amount of secreted ACTH will increase.
2. Under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted ACTH increases, then

You correctly answered: d. the amount of secreted CRH will likely decrease.
3. Under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted cortisol increases, then

You correctly answered: b. the amount of secreted ACTH will likely decrease.
4. If a hypersecreting pituitary tumor develops, then an expected outcome is

You correctly answered: a. a diagnosis of Cushing's disease.
5. If a hypersecreting adrenal cortex tumor develops, then an expected outcome is

You correctly answered: b. abnormally low levels of CRH due to negative feedback.
6. A patient's chart lists the diagnosis of Addison's disease. Therefore, you expect
You correctly answered: b. abnormally high levels of ACTH.
09/20/14 page 3
1. Which patient would most likely be diagnosed with Cushing's disease (view Table 4.1 in Experiment Results)? Why?
Your answer:
-El paciente 3 puede tener la enfermedad de Cushing (hipercortisolismo secundario), por los niveles altos de cortisol y
ACTH.
2. Which two patients have hormone levels characteristic of Cushing's syndrome (view Table 4.1 in Experiment Results)?
Your answer:
-los pacientes del numero 2 y 5
3. Patient 2 is being treated for rheumatoid arthritis with prednisone. How does this information change the diagnosis (view
Table 4.1 in Experiment Results)?
Your answer:
-La prednisona puede ocasionar el sindrome de Cushing, por iatrogenia
4. Which patient would most likely be diagnosed with Addison's disease (view Table 4.1 in Experiment Results)? Why?
Your answer:
-El paciente 4, porque sus niveles de cortisol son bajos, y sus niveles de ACTH son altos.
09/20/14 page 4

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Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

1. Which of the following statements about metabolism is false?

3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is

5. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is

6. Which of the following statements is true?

Stop & Think Questions:

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

The normal rat is

The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is

The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is

The normal rat is

The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is

The normal rat is

The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is

The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is

The normal rat is

The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is

Rat Weight (g) ml O2/min ml O2/hr BMR Palpation Injected

Which rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

-es a la que lo inyectamos la tiroxina

5. Part 2: Determining the Effect of Thyroxine on Metabolic Rate

-Aumentar la velocidad metablica por el e gran nivel de tiroxina en la sangre

8. Part 3: Determining the Effect of TSH on Metabolic Rate

Pre-lab Quiz Results

1. Which of the following statements is false?

2. Which of the following statements is true?

3. A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that

4. A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies that

Stop & Think Questions:

Tube Optical Density Glucose (mg/deciliter)

2. To obtain an accurate spectrophotometric measurement of the glucose concentration in the sample

5. To maintain plasma glucose homeostasis

4. Which patient(s) had normal glucose reading(s)?

Pre-lab Quiz Results

1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

4. Which of the following statements is true?

Rat Elapsed Days Saline injections Estrogen injections Calcitonin T score

1. Saline injections were used in this experiment to measure the effect of

2. In the ovariectomized rats used in this experiment

3. Injection of calcitonin into an ovariectomized rat will

4. As the rat's bone density increases

Pre-lab Quiz Results

4. Cushing's syndrome refers to

Which hormone(s) stimulate(s) the pituitary gland to release ACTH?

Patient Cortisol High/Low ACTH High/Low

1. Under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted CRH increases, then

2. Under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted ACTH increases, then

3. Under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted cortisol increases, then

4. If a hypersecreting pituitary tumor develops, then an expected outcome is

5. If a hypersecreting adrenal cortex tumor develops, then an expected outcome is

-los pacientes del numero 2 y 5

-La prednisona puede ocasionar el sindrome de Cushing, por iatrogenia

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